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How To Preserve A Deer Tail – 6 Easy & Simple Steps!

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Are you in need of tips on how to preserve a deer tail for your next project?

If you are looking to use it as a lure or any craft project, then our step by step guide will help you out. Discover this easy DIY guide to clean and preserve that precious deer tail. Beginning from the carcass and up to the slab, we’ll teach you everything you need to know.

Let’s get started!

How To Preserve A Deer Tail

Just a heads up – the tips on how to preserve a deer tail that you are about to read is focused more on the simple preservation of this material.

It does not involve tanning; instead, this is the step that you will start with before you tan the deer tail. By preserving the tail, you can get the fur perfectly set. Hence, you can prevent bugs from developing into the material.

Another reason why you would want to learn how to preserve a deer tail is to keep the material intact. Otherwise, it is most likely to get torn over time.

Are you all set to preserve that deer tail? Let’s get started with these tips:

1. Remove the tail.

Naturally you want to first remove the tail off the deer. Cut the tail off depending on the length that you prefer. Some folks snip it at the base of the deer’s buttocks but you can decide on how long you exactly want it to be.

For this step, you will need a pair of utility knife, pliers or razor. Be sure to get the bone out of the tail, or that hard portion. You can do this by slicing it right down the middle.

2. Start the cut.

Next step, you will now have to make your cut. With the tail no longer intact the bum of your deer, lay it flatly on a clean surface.

Keep the bottom portion up with the hairs separated. Then, cut precisely right along the entire length of the tail or over the bone.

You will want to make sure that the hair is parted while you cut to the top. This will help to prevent losing much of the fur or causing some damage to the tail’s overall appearance.

Once you have opened the tail, pick the bone out using your pliers. You need to be very careful with cutting the fat right from the bone’s base portion.

As you hold the hide down, gently pull the tail right off. In some cases, cutting the fat that sticks to the bone may be necessary. Do this as gently and as firmly as possible until the bone is completely out.

3. Clean the hide.

At this point, you are now ready to wash and clean the hide. You only need to use some dish soap diluted in warm water.

Fill up a basin with warm water and mild detergent. Next, submerge the tail carefully and rinse off blood or dirt that may be stuck in it.

Rub it gently with soap but be careful not to tear any piece. When you are done soaping it, you need to rinse it with lukewarm water until there is no more soap left on it.

4. Dry the tail thoroughly.

After you have cleaned the tail, it’s now time to dry it all off.

Lay it on a wax paper and grab your hair dryer to gently dry out the hair and skin. Be sure that it is completely dry.

You may also use some paper towels to further dry it. Sometimes, there’s some moisture left on the skin after using a hair dryer, so paper towels or some dry cloth would come in handy.

In case some fat remains intact, simply scrape this portion off with a serrated knife. But be very gentle and careful since you would not want to cut the skin.

6. Add borax to the tail.

You may be wondering why you need to use borax to the tail. Well, for the simple reason of protecting it from bacteria that might develop on the skin.

Since borax is antibacterial, it helps to apply it on the tail to fully preserve and protect it from damage.

With the tail laying flat and cut open, coat the inner portion with a thin layer of your borax. You may apply as much as necessary, which will coat the flesh that’s fully exposed.

But if you are preparing the deer tail for tanning, you may want to use non-iodized salt instead of borax. Apply a thick layer of non-iodized salt on the flesh until it is fully coated. Let it dry ad add a bit more salt as needed for this salt curing process.

An additional tip when preparing the material for tanning is by making sure all membrane and fat are removed. When you leave even the slightest hint of fat on the skin, this will give the tan an odd color while reducing pliability.

Let the tail coated with borax sit for a few days in a dry and cool place. You need to be certain that the skin is absolutely dry before you use it for your desired purpose.

Alternate Technique On How To Preserve A Deer Tail

Perhaps it doesn’t really matter as much without you if the tail is flexible or pliable. In this case, you may go for the dehydrator technique.

A food dehydrator is just what you need to really dry the material out. But at the same time, it will completely dry the flesh out, which may not be ideal for some people.

You can simply leave the tail in a food dehydrator for a few days. This will completely dry the material, yet you will no longer be able to reform it to the way you want without causing the hide to break.

What To Do With Preserved Deer Tail

what to do with preserved deer tail

Now that you have completed the process of preserving deer tail, you may be curious to find out what exactly you can do with it.

Well, if you are an angler, you can certainly use the deer tail on jigs. This is a fine material that is strong and durable, which is perfect for jigs to use on fishing.

But if you are not into angling, you can also use the hair of deer as a paintbrush. You will love the durability and steadiness of the tail and the brush works for your ceramic glaze.

And lastly, you can make small purses or dice bags for the tail. Just put the parts together and add a smooth lining or just leave it as is – leathery and all.

No matter what you decide to do with your preserved deer tail, it is sure to be a great project to work on with amazing results!

Final Thoughts

Preserving deer tail may initially seem to be a complex and intimidating process.

But by checking out our quick guide on how to preserve a deer tail, now you understand that it is actually quite simple and basic.

With only a few tools and some know-hows that we have just shared with you, the entire process should go as seamlessly as possible.

We hope this post has been helpful, and now, you are ready to start preserving deer tail for your next DIY project!

Non-game Animals

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Jack Rabbit Cottontail Porcupine

Non-game animals include (but are not limited to) the following: armadillos, bobcats coyotes, flying squirrels, frogs, ground squirrels, mountain lions, porcupines, prairie dogs, rabbits, and turtles. There is no closed season on these animals and a valid hunting license is required. They may be hunted at any time by any lawful means on private property. Public hunting lands may have restrictions. The take of any nongame species for commercial purposes (sale, offer for sale, barter, or exchange) from public lands or waters is unlawful. Note: Take precautions when handling Armadillos, as they could possibly be carrying leprosy.

Prairie dog Armadillo Rock Squirrel

Bobcat

Bobcat

The Bobcat, Lynx rufus, is a medium-sized, reddish brown or grayish cat. Its ears usually have small tufts at the tips, and its fur is longer on the sides of its head than on the rest of its body, forming a ruff. They have a short tail, long legs, and large feet.

Bobcat pelts sold, purchased, traded, transported or shipped out of state must have a pelt tag (CITES) attached. A pelt tag must be attached prior to being transported or shipped out of this state. Pelt tags may be obtained from any permitted bobcat pelt dealer, or TPWD Regional & Field Law Enforcement Offices. For additional information contact TPWD (800) 792-1112, menu 7, option 9 or (512) 389-4481.

Coyote

CoyoteCoyotes,Canis latrans Say, are slender, dog-like carnivores, common throughout Texas. They have adapted easily to the expansion of human communities into their habitat and can occasionally be found in urban and suburban neighborhoods. Coyotes may live alone or in small “packs” of up to 6 individuals. Coyotes are well known for their calls. They howl (a high quavering cry) and emit a series of short, high-pitched yips. Howls are used to keep in touch with other coyotes in the area.

Coyotes are opportunistic feeders and will eat almost anything, alive or dead, garbage, meat, fish, vegetables, berries or whatever they can find easily. Their natural diet consists mostly of rabbits, rodents and carrion. Coyotes are very wary of humans, however they can become accustomed to humans especially if they are fed. Since any wild animal that has no fear of humans can become dangerous, it is important to not feed them at all. Don’t leave pet food out over night, secure lids to garbage cans and keep small pets inside unless supervised. They do not normally pose a threat to livestock, however hungry coyotes may occasionally take small domestic animals or poultry.

Live coyotes are currently under a statewide rabies quarantine that prohibits them from being transported or sold in Texas (see exceptions). For information on the rabies quarantine, visit the Texas Department of State Health Services Infectious Disease Control Unit Web site.

Mountain Lion

Mountain LionThe mountain lion, Puma concolor, also known as cougar, puma and panther, has been an integral part of the Texas fauna for thousands of years, The Mountain Lion has the widest distribution of any wild cat, from Canada to South America. Formerly distributed throughout North America, the Mountain Lion is now found mostly in the remote areas of the western U.S., as well as western Canada and much of Mexico. A small population still exists in southern Florida, where the species is considered endangered. In Texas, the Mountain Lion is found throughout the Trans-Pecos, as well as the brush lands of south Texas and portions of the Hill Country. Sighting and kill reports indicate that Mountain Lions now occur in more counties than they did 10 years ago and appear to be expanding their range into central Texas.

Retiring and shy by nature, and largely nocturnal by habit, the mountain lion is seldom seen in its native haunts. The diet of the mountain lion consists almost entirely of animal matter; but, like the domestic cat, it occasionally eats grasses and other vegetable matter. Deer and javelina are major food items; however, lions have been known to take elk and bighorn sheep as well as a variety of smaller animals. Contrary to popular opinion, mountain lions rarely use caves as dens, preferring cliff crevices, overhanging ledges or enlarged badger burrows instead. If you are in an area where lions are known to be present, hunt with others, not alone.

Turtles

TurtleTurtle, tortoise or terrapin? Many people get confused by these terms, often using them interchangeably. Texas has a single species of tortoise, the Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlanderi) and a single species of terrapin, the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). All of the remaining 28 species of the order Testudines found in Texas are called “turtles.”

Box Turtle Texas Tortoise

Softshell Turtle Red-eared Sliders Snapping Turtle

Take or possession of any species of turtle for commercial activity is unlawful.

Diamonback Terrapin Diamonback Terrapin from above

No person may possess a diamondback terrapin at any time.

Frogs

Green treefrog Squirrel treefrog

There are 42 species of frogs and toads in Texas (4 species are threatened and 1 species is endangered).

Bullfrog

Bullfrogs are the largest frog in North America and the frog used by most for food. They are frequently found along the water’s edge and are most active at night. They are hunted usually with a gig, prized for their meaty legs.

5 Best Lithium Batteries For RV (and What To AVOID)

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As a camping enthusiast and engineer, I can tell you that upgrading your RV batteries to lithium is one of the best decisions you can make. Lithium batteries for RV are better than lead acid batteries in so many ways that once you decide to make the switch, you would be asking yourself why you didn’t do it before!

In this guide, I will go through the best lithium batteries for RV that you can buy right now!

Now, let’s get straight to the best RV lithium batteries! Then I will also explain the different types of lithium batteries available and why the LFP (LiFePO4) is the most popular choice for RVers.

Best lithium batteries For RV

Here are the best lithium-ion batteries for RV available to purchase right now:

1. Battle Born LiFePO4 Deep Cycle Batteries

BEST OVERALL

Looking for the best lithium batteries upgrade for your RV? Look no further than the Battle Born Batteries LiFePO4 Deep Cycle Battery!

With this sleek lithium-ion battery, you’ll have the ultimate power solution that’s designed to last and packed with features that make it the top choice for all your off-grid needs.

Equipped with a built-in Battery Management System (BMS), this battery provides the best protection against common battery issues. It also offers superior charge and discharge capabilities, outpacing other batteries on the market.

And weighing just 29 lbs, it’s a lightweight option that can be securely mounted in any position.

When it comes to lithium batteries and off-grid applications, Battle Born Batteries LiFePO4 Deep Cycle Batteries are simply the best choice!

Don’t just take my word for it, check out the rave reviews! RVers, boaters, overlanders, and van lifers all praise the cost-effectiveness and long-lasting performance of this battery compared to their old and heavy lead-acid batteries.

Customers love the eco-friendly aspect of being able to repeatedly charge and discharge this battery, as well as the reliable battery management system that ensures safety. And the best part? All of this power and peace of mind comes at a fair price.

Renowned by experienced RV enthusiasts and sailors alike, these batteries are the preferred choice due to their exceptional quality. Simply put, they are the best lithium batteries you can find for your RV.

Why bother with the hassles of old lead-acid batteries? Upgrade now to the Battle Born Batteries LiFePO4 Deep Cycle Battery and enjoy reliable power every time, allowing you to fully focus on your travels and adventures!

2. LiTime MINI Lithium Battery

BEST Value

Say goodbye to bulky energy sources thanks to the LiTime 12V 100Ah MINI LiFePO4 Lithium Battery. It’s 35% smaller and 10% lighter than previous models, yet it still provides an impressive 1280Wh of energy storage.

This upgraded version makes it the perfect choice for people looking for a highly portable, yet robust and dependable power source for their outdoor adventures. It’s ideal for use on RVs, solar panels, and trolling motors.

Equipped with upgraded BMS (battery management system), this battery delivers top-tier stability and performance you can count on during every cycle. Don’t worry about rough waters or extreme temperatures.

Its IP65 waterproof housing and optimized internal layout provide maximum protection from harsh weather conditions.

Also, with an operating temperature range of -4°F to 140°F, this battery is always ready for your next adventure.

With its 10-year lifespan, this battery is built to last and has an impressive energy cycle. It is the perfect choice for those who are always on the move or those who require a long-lasting power source for their outdoor equipment. Check it out!

3. Power Queen LiFePO4 Battery

Low Temperature Cut-Off

The Power Queen 100Ah lithium iron phosphate battery is designed specifically for RVs and marine use. It utilizes high-quality LiFePO4 cells to deliver an exceptionally long lifespan of up 4000 cycles (10 years).

The built-in 100A BMS helps protect the cells.

Importantly for RVers, the battery weighs just 22 lbs, much lighter than comparable lead-acid models. This significantly eases installation and handling.

The upgraded low-temperature cutoff function stops charging below 32°F to protect the battery in freezing conditions you may encounter when camping in the snow or in cold mountain locations. For this reason, this lithium battery is best if you plan to use your RV in more extreme temperature conditions.

The Power Queen 100Ah LiFePO4 battery is a compelling upgrade option for RVers looking to enhance their RV electrical system. The higher cost may deter some buyers, but the exceptional longevity and performance make this a standout lithium battery choice for RV camping applications.

4. LOSSIGY LiFePO4 Lithium Battery

RVers looking for a good value lithium battery option should consider the Lossigy 12V 200Ah model. With its large capacity and built-in battery management system, it can offer ample power for boondocking and off-grid camping situations.

At under 50 pounds, it’s much easier to install and remove than bulky lead-acid batteries.

User reviews highlight the battery’s strong performance over the first year or two of heavy usage.

While it may not have the premium name brand recognition of some competitors, this battery delivers tremendous value for RV applications at its price point.

The Lossigy battery is well-suited for solar charging, which makes it very convenient for RVs.

Lithium iron phosphate chemistry can handle thousands more recharge cycles than lead-acid, so RV owners can count on years of service with minimal maintenance.

The battery also charges faster than lead-acid, reaching full capacity at lower voltages. This allows modestly sized solar panels to effectively keep it topped off.

Owners do report the need for insulation or battery warmers in freezing conditions. But overall, with proper setup, the Lossigy battery can provide consistent, trouble-free power while off-grid.

For most RV needs, this battery offers huge off-grid power potential at an affordable price point.

5. WEIZE LiFePO4 Lithium Battery

Would you like to upgrade to lithium batteries but you are on a tight budget? Upgrade to the WEIZE LiFePO4 Lithium Battery! It’s one of the most affordable lithium solutions for RV.

It has an outstanding lifespan of 2000 cycles at 100% and 8000 cycles at 50% depth of discharge, making it last at least 4-5 times longer than traditional batteries.

However, this falls short by about 1000 deep cycles compared to our best lithium battery pick.

It features a built-in Battery Management System that protects the battery from overcharging, high and low temperatures, over-discharging, and short-circuiting.

Compared to heavy and bulky lead-acid batteries, the WEIZE battery is lightweight and versatile, making it easy to carry and install.

Use it for a variety of applications, such as fish finders, camping, ice fishing, solar systems, home alarm systems, and e-scooters. Besides, it’s eco-friendly with no hazardous fluids, making it safe to mount in any position without worrying about spillage.

The WEIZE 12V 100AH LiFePO4 Lithium Battery is that it’s maintenance-free. With its long lifespan of over 10 years, you won’t have to bear the hassle and cost of replacing your battery frequently.

People also appreciate its cold weather protection that ensures optimal performance even in frigid temperatures.

With a 10-year warranty, you can rely on the WEIZE battery to power your devices and systems for years to come, without worrying about battery failure or damage.

With this battery you get an extremely cheap lithium RV battery solution, however, some customers were not happy with the build quality and customer service.

Upgrade your power source to the WEIZE 12V 100AH LiFePO4 Lithium Battery and enjoy its many benefits for your RV solar system.

Lithium Batteries For RV: Overview

lithium rv batteries overview

Lithium batteries are powered by lithium-ion technology, and are an exceptional choice for RV enthusiasts seeking reliable and efficient power solutions.

These rechargeable 12-volt batteries have gained popularity as a superior alternative to lead-acid batteries, especially among RVers who frequently venture off the grid or rely on solar power.

Those lithium batteries provide several advantages over other battery types, making them the preferred choice for many RVers. Here are some key benefits:

  1. Longevity: As mentioned earlier, lithium batteries have a significantly longer lifespan compared to lead-acid batteries. This durability not only saves you money on frequent replacements but also provides peace of mind knowing that your battery will last for extended periods.
  2. Improved Efficiency: Lithium batteries offer higher energy density, allowing them to store and deliver power more efficiently. This increased efficiency translates to better overall performance and longer run times for your RV appliances and systems.
  3. Lightweight and Compact: Lithium batteries are considerably lighter and more compact than lead-acid batteries, resulting in reduced overall vehicle weight. This weight reduction can contribute to improved fuel efficiency and a smoother, more comfortable ride.
  4. Rapid Charging: Lithium batteries have a fast charging capability, allowing you to quickly recharge your battery when connected to a reliable power source. This feature is especially beneficial for RVers who prefer shorter charging times and the flexibility to hit the road sooner.
  5. Deep Discharge Capacity: Lithium batteries can be discharged more deeply without causing damage or compromising their overall performance. This flexibility allows you to make the most of your battery’s energy reserves, providing extended usage during off-grid adventures.

Lithium Battery Types

When exploring lithium batteries for your camper, you’ll discover a range of options to meet your specific power needs. Understanding the available varieties will help you make an informed decision.

Common types of lithium batteries include:

  1. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4): Known for their exceptional safety and long cycle life, LiFePO4 batteries are a popular choice for RVers. They provide reliable power output, resist self-discharge, and have a wide temperature range, making them suitable for various climates. Thanks to their features and performance, those are the most popular batteries for RVs.
  2. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA): NCA batteries offer high energy density and long lifespan. They are lightweight, provide excellent performance, and are often used in electric vehicles due to their ability to deliver high power output.
  3. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC): NMC batteries strike a balance between energy density, power output, and lifespan. They are versatile and commonly used in various applications, including RVs, due to their excellent performance and relatively affordable cost.
  4. Lithium Titanate Oxide (Li4Ti5O12): This unique variety provides unbeatable stability and a longer lifespan. Its remarkable fast-charging capabilities and ability to endure numerous charge cycles make it a winner in terms of longevity.
  5. Lithium Polymer (Li-Po): If you prioritize space-saving and lightweight options, then the Li-Po batteries are the way to go. Their slim design and flexible nature make them a great fit for smaller RVs and campers.

Choosing the best lithium battery for your RV

Choosing the right lithium battery depends on several factors, including your power requirements, available space, and budget. Consider the following when selecting a battery:

  1. Power Capacity: Assess your energy needs based on the appliances and systems you plan to power with the battery. Determine the appropriate capacity to ensure sufficient power supply without overloading the battery.
  2. Physical Size: Measure the available space in your RV’s battery compartment to ensure the selected battery fits properly.
  3. Budget: Evaluate the cost of different lithium batteries suitable for RVs while considering their long-term value. Remember that although lithium batteries have a higher upfront cost, their extended lifespan can make them more cost-effective over time.
  4. Manufacturer’s Reputation: Research reputable brands that offer high-quality lithium batteries. Look for customer reviews and testimonials to gauge customer satisfaction and reliability.

Pricing for Lithium Batteries

When it comes to purchasing lithium RV batteries, the cost is often a major consideration for buyers. It’s true that lithium batteries tend to be more expensive upfront compared to traditional lead-acid batteries.

However, it’s important to look beyond the initial price tag and consider the long-term benefits and cost savings that lithium batteries offer.

The Average Price Range for Lithium Batteries

The average price range for lithium batteries suitable for RV can vary depending on the brand, capacity, and other factors. On average, you can expect to pay anywhere from $500 to $2000 for a quality lithium battery for your motorhome.

Of course, there are premium options available that can exceed this price range, but they usually come with additional features and higher capacity.

But why are lithium batteries so expensive? Well, in truth, if you consider the entire lifespan of the batteries, they aren’t more expensive. Read on!

Given the typical price range, it’s not surprising that some RV enthusiasts may feel reluctant to make the leap into purchasing a lithium battery. However, it is important to ponder the extensive advantages and value that lithium batteries bring.

Additionally, lithium batteries provide other advantages such as faster charging times, higher energy density, and a lightweight design. These features can further enhance the value of lithium RV batteries and make them a worthwhile investment for RVers who demand reliable and efficient power storage.

What Factors Influence the Price of Lithium Batteries?

Several factors influence the price of lithium batteries. These factors include battery capacity, brand reputation, and additional features such as built-in battery management systems. Higher capacity batteries and well-known brands tend to come with a higher price tag.

It’s important to consider your specific power needs and the capacity requirements of your RV when determining the price range for lithium batteries. If you only require a lower capacity battery for occasional weekend trips, you can expect to find more budget-friendly options.

On the other hand, if you have higher power demands or require extended periods of off-grid power, investing in a higher capacity lithium battery may be necessary, albeit at a higher cost.

Leading Brands and Producers of Lithium Batteries for RV

When it comes to purchasing a lithium battery, it’s crucial to choose a trustworthy brand that offers reliable and high-quality products. There are several leading brands and producers in the market that have established a reputation for delivering top-notch lithium RV batteries.

Some well-known brands in the industry include Renogy, Battle Born Batteries, Relion, and Lion Energy. These brands have been recognized for their commitment to quality, performance, and customer satisfaction.

By choosing a reputable brand, you can have peace of mind knowing that you are investing in a lithium battery that has undergone rigorous testing and meets the highest industry standards.

However, this doesn’t mean that other brands can’t offer good lithium batteries. For example, in the above lithium RV batteries selection, I mention a few less-known brands. Those can offer viable options for people who are on a budget. Those would still offer better value compared to lead acid batteries in my opinion.

Installing and Maintaining Lithium Batteries on your RV

Installation Best Practices

When it comes to installing lithium batteries on your RV, unless you choose a portable power station or off-grid solar generator, there are a few best practices to keep in mind.

While some experienced RVers with electrical expertise may be comfortable with a DIY installation, it is generally recommended to have the system installed by professionals, especially if you plan to incorporate solar panels, solar controllers, and inverters into the setup.

Installing a lithium battery bank and a battery management system requires technical proficiency to ensure proper wiring connections and system integration.

Improper installation can lead to inefficiencies, safety hazards, and even damage to your RV or the batteries themselves. By working with professionals, you can have peace of mind knowing that your RV lithium battery system is installed correctly and functions optimally.

If you do decide to tackle the installation yourself, be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and double-check all connections.

It’s also a good idea to have a thorough understanding of electrical systems and safety measures. When in doubt, consult with an expert.

Maintaining your Lithium Battery for Optimal Performance and Longer Life

While these batteries are known for their durability, a little maintenance can go a long way in maximizing their lifespan.

First and foremost, it’s important to avoid overcharging or discharging your lithium battery. Most lithium batteries come with a built-in battery management system that helps regulate charging and discharging.

However, it’s still a good idea to monitor your battery’s voltage regularly and avoid extreme levels. If you plan to store your RV for an extended period, make sure to fully charge the battery before doing so.

Additionally, it’s crucial to avoid exposing your lithium battery to extreme temperatures. Extreme heat or cold can negatively impact battery performance and lifespan. If possible, store your RV in a temperature-controlled environment or invest in insulation for your battery compartment.

Regularly inspecting and cleaning your battery terminals is another important maintenance task. Corrosion and dirt on the terminals can hinder the battery’s performance. Clean the terminals using a solution of baking soda and water, and make sure they are tightened securely.

Lastly, it’s essential to follow the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule. This may include periodic equalization charging or other specific procedures. By staying on top of maintenance tasks and following the manufacturer’s guidelines, you can ensure that your lithium battery operates at its best for years to come.

Conclusion

In conclusion, when it comes to powering your recreational vehicle, and maximizing your off-grid adventures, the best lithium RV batteries are the crème de la crème.

These lightweight powerhouses of energy storage not only boast an impressive lifespan, but they also won’t weigh you down like their lead-acid competitors. Say goodbye to lugging around heavy batteries and hello to more freedom and convenience on the road.

No more worries about running out of power when you’re off in the wilderness or relying on a solar-powered setup. With the best lithium batteries for camper, you can rest easy knowing that you have a reliable and efficient energy source right at your fingertips.

So, why settle for less when you can have the best? Invest in the best lithium batteries for RV and experience the advantages firsthand. Your outdoor camping adventures will never be the same again.

If you also own a boat, then you may be interested in getting a battery that can work well in the marine environment. Here are the best lithium marine batteries that you can use on your boat as well as on your campervan!

St. Lawrence River Fishing: Thousand Islands Angler’s Guide

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Offering some of the best fishing in New York for bass, muskellunge, walleye and several other species, the St. Lawrence River provides world-class angling on a grand scale. Few places in the Empire State have such a broad array of fishing options.

The river originates at the eastern end of Lake Ontario and drains the entire Great Lakes system into the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the river also forms the border between the United States and Canada.

The initial stretch of the river from Cape Vincent to around Morristown—about 60 miles, though measurements vary—is referred to as the Thousand Islands region. It is here that anglers will find much of the best fishing in the St. Lawrence River.

The Thousand Islands (a.k.a. 1000 Islands) region actually includes over 1,500 islands, ranging in size from a few square feet to several square miles.

A vast complex of rocky shoals, deep ledges and weedy embayments, the Thousand Islands supply virtually endless fishing opportunities.

Smallmouth Bass

The bass fishing in the St. Lawrence River is nothing short of spectacular, with smallmouth bass dominating most anglers’ catches.

Smallmouths ranging up to 4 pounds are abundant, and a 5-pounder barely raises an eyebrow.

The river is a frequent setting for bass tournaments, and it almost always takes a five-fish limit weighing over 20 pounds to win here. The St. Lawrence ranked number one on Bassmaster’s annual list of America’s best bass lakes in 2022.

Smallmouth bass abound on the river’s many rocky ledges and shoals. The St. Lawrence offers an endless supply of precisely the type of rocky structure that smallmouths love.

A good depth map is a very useful tool for identifying likely spots in this vast region, but you don’t usually have to go far to find great smallmouth habitat. Spring and fall are the best seasons to catch them in relatively shallow water.

Fishing in bays and around the rocky island shorelines is productive in May and June. In accordance with New York’s bass season, the fishing is catch-and-release-only until the third Saturday in June, by which time bass will be in post-spawn mode.

Summer bass fishing can be extraordinary, but be prepared to fish a little deeper than you’re accustomed to.

Ever since invasive zebra mussels arrived in the early ’90s, the water has become much clearer, and smallmouths are commonly found over 25 feet deep.

At times, they may be as deep as 50 feet, but they’re also known to feed in shallower spots or even suspend over deeper areas early in the morning and on overcast days. On days with a stiff breeze, bass will likely follow it toward windward shorelines.

River currents also drive bass movements and behavior. Although the current may seem imperceptible in many areas, bass still position themselves below current breaks, including islands and rock piles.

Jigs and finesse soft plastics on drop-shot rigs are the baits of choice for fishing deep structure.

A 5″ wacky worm is a great option for shallower areas, with darker, natural colors faring best.

The introduction of round gobies in the last 20 years has been a major change. Bass have increased in size, and studies suggest that gobies now make up 80% of smallmouths’ diet.

Any bait that resembles a goby is a good bet, with dark-colored tube jigs continuing to excel.

Largemouth Bass

With such an excellent smallmouth fishery at their fingertips, it’s unsurprising that many anglers overlook largemouth bass in the St. Lawrence River. But largemouths are also abundant, even if their populations are more localized.

Largemouths thrive in weedy shallows, bays and backwater areas all along the river. Bays like Goose Bay and Chippewa Bay are among the best spots, along with Lake of the Isles, a not-quite-closed-off embayment on Wellesley Island.

There can be great sight-fishing for bedding largemouths in early June—again, it’s catch and release only until the third Saturday. Largemouths continue to bite throughout the summer months, generally in shallower water than smallmouths.

Mouths of bays and channels between islands are good areas to find summer largemouths. Some of the best spots are where rocky structure and weed beds meet.

A very common feature throughout the Thousand Islands is rocky shorelines that drop off toward a weed bed at a depth of 6 to 10 feet. The margin between the rocky drop-off and the weed edge is a prime spot to find largemouths, especially first thing in the morning.

Casting around docks and boathouses is also productive in areas where the shoreline is more developed.

Wacky worms and soft plastic jerkbaits are great largemouth lures, along with spinnerbaits and crankbaits.

Walleye

Walleye in the St. Lawrence River are both large and abundant. The population is maintained through natural reproduction as well as generous stocking by the DEC, which has given walleye fishing a significant boost in the last 20 years or so.

The walleye season in New York begins the first Saturday in May and runs until March 15 the following year. The current state record, weighing 18 pounds 2 ounces, was caught on the St. Lawrence River on opening day of walleye season in 2018.

Various parts of the river offer different walleye fishing opportunities in different seasons. A few hardy anglers do very well fishing rocky shoals during the final, chilly weeks of walleye season in early March.

But the season opener in May is the date that most walleye fanatics look forward to.

By this time, walleye have usually finished spawning, and some of the best spots are mouths of rivers that empty into the St. Lawrence, including the Oswegatchie and Grass rivers.

The best walleye fishing in spring is generally in the section of the St. Lawrence downriver from the region considered to be the Thousand Islands. The Ogdensburg area and below the Moses-Saunders Power Dam in Massena are prime spots in May and June.

Jigging and dragging crawler harness spinner rigs are good tactics in spring, and depths around 20 to 25 feet are often productive. Walleye may be even shallower at night, and some of the best fishing takes place after dark.

Springtime anglers catch a lot of healthy, eating-size walleye in the 18- to 24-inch range, along with the occasional trophy (as the opening-day state record catch will attest to). But the summer months produce some of the biggest walleye of the year.

By summer, the bite shifts up into the Thousand Islands, though the areas below the dams farther downriver can still be productive.

Trolling deep shoals, island points and drop-offs in the Thousand Islands produces some of the biggest walleye from late summer into fall.

This is a great time to catch big ‘eyes, but the action can be slow. Depths in the 30- to 40-foot range are often best.

The Carleton Island area, not far from the mouth of the river in Cape Vincent, is a prime spot.

Try black-colored jigs or live minnows.

Muskellunge

The St. Lawrence River has a longstanding reputation as one of the best places to fish for muskellunge in the world. New York’s state record muskie, a 67-inch fish weighing 69 pounds, 15 ounces, was caught here in 1957.

Along with Lake Erie and the Niagara River, the St. Lawrence remains one of New York’s best places to catch a coveted muskellunge over 50 pounds. That being said, there’s reason to be extremely cautious about the future of the St. Lawrence River muskie fishery.

Muskellunge numbers have dropped precipitously since around 2005, with blame usually directed at round gobies.

These invaders eat muskellunge eggs and can potentially spread a deadly virus. A prominent muskellunge fish kill in 2022 was especially worrying.

But it’s not all doom and gloom. Anglers still catch muskies in the river and have an honest shot at a trophy. Going out with a guide is highly recommended for anyone unfamiliar with the river.

Muskellunge are widespread throughout the Thousand Islands region, and many are also caught farther downriver to the Ogdensburg area and beyond. Trolling is the best way to cover water and maximize potential strikes.

Edges of shoals are the top areas to troll for muskies, with August and September being peak months. Anglers also land some big ones later in the fall as these big predators feed heavily in anticipation of winter.

Ledges and drop-offs provide muskies with easy access to both deep and shallow water, allowing them to follow schools of baitfish in either direction. Depths between 20 and 40 feet are ideal.

Plugs and cranks like Radtke Pike Minnows, Cisco Kids, Jakes and Depth Raiders are favored by many, with 10″ models being standard. Oversized spinners like Mepps Muskie Killers are also excellent options.

Check out all of the best muskellunge fishing lakes and rivers in New York.

Northern Pike

Northern pike are exceptionally common in the St. Lawrence River. Although musky anglers sometimes view them as a nuisance, plenty of folks go out of their way to target pike. And with good reason.

Known for their fierce battles and line-slicing teeth, northern pike are capable of topping 25 pounds. Fish measuring 30 to 36 inches are common in the St. Lawrence.

Pike season opens in May, and the first month is the best time of year to find them in shallow water.

Having just spawned in April, pike will still be in weedy bays all along the river. Button Bay and Chippewa Bay are a couple of the best-known spots, but there are many, many others.

Large pike gradually transition to deeper haunts by summer, particularly favoring weed lines, shoals and points. However, anglers will still catch many at larger bays’ deep mouths, while smaller pike mostly populate the shallows..

The best pike lures for the St. Lawrence River are those that produce some metallic flash, including spinners and spoons. Gold-colored Doctor Spoons are a local favorite, along with Mepps #5 Aglia Bucktails.

Yellow perch are a major forage species for pike, and spoons with some yellow on them tend to draw a lot of strikes.

Spinner crawler rigs, more commonly used for walleye, also catch a lot of pike. Most anglers bait the rigs with either a live nightcrawler or minnow.

Ice fishing for pike is also very popular. Baiting tip-ups with live minnows around submerged islands and weed beds in the river’s bays is the perfect approach in January and February.

Eel Bay and Lake of the Isles on Wellesley Island, the bays around the village of Alexandria Bay, Goose Bay and Chippewa Bay are all excellent ice fishing areas for pike. Wheathouse Bay, a bit farther downriver near Ogdensburg, is also excellent.

Find more northern pike fishing hot spots in New York.

Other Game Fish

The St. Lawrence offers outstanding fishing for many additional species, including some that aren’t traditionally considered to be game fish.

For example, bullhead catfish invade shallow bays in extraordinary numbers every spring, and freshwater drum weighing over 10 pounds are common.

Bluegill and sunfish abound in shallow weed beds as well.

Long story short, don’t forget about these other fish species that also provide excellent fishing in the Thousand Islands.

Here are a few of those additional species we’d like to spotlight:

Yellow Perch

Yellow perch are some of the most abundant fish in the St. Lawrence River, inhabiting reefs and weed beds in prolific numbers. The ice fishing season is an especially popular time to fish for them.

As soon as safe ice forms on bays, anglers start catching great numbers of perch using jigging spoons, grub-tipped teardrop jigs and Jigging Raps.

Big “jack” perch in the 10- to 13-inch range are not hard to come by, though you may have to catch 100 dinks for every 10 jumbos.

Another great time to fish for perch is during the weeks immediately after ice-out, usually from late March to early April. Perch spawn this time of year in protected shallows, and anglers catch a bunch using live minnows.

Emerald shiners are the ideal bait if you can get your hands on some, but fathead minnows will also do the trick, along with bits of nightcrawler and small jigs.

Perch will be found in the backs of practically every bay and protected harbor areas and marinas.

Lots of quality perch will continue to be caught from docks and shorelines in Cape Vincent, Clayton, Alexandria Bay and Ogdensburg from late spring into summer. However, the best fishing for larger perch shifts to shoals on the main river in somewhat deeper water.

Crappie

Bays and backwaters along the St. Lawrence River offer excellent fishing for black crappies.

Even though fun to catch and delicious to eat, anglers often overlook this species to target other fish that are easier to find and catch reliably.

Crappies are notorious for vanishing like ghosts after the spring spawn.

Ice anglers catch their fair share of crappies in the Thousand Islands, with Lake of the Isles arguably the region’s premier crappie haunt. Goose Bay and other bays also have ample crappie populations.

Spring crappie fishing starts to pick up in April after the ice has receded from the bays and the shallowest backwaters begin to warm up. A good string of warm days can bring crappies flocking to the warmest available water.

Lots of scrappy 9- to 12-inch crappies are caught throughout the spawn, which is usually wrapping up by late May. After that, schools of crappies are nomadic and hard to pin down.

There can still be a good bite on summer evenings, as crappies emerge from weed beds just as the sun goes down.

Boat docks and marina areas can also continue to produce in summer, with crappies often seeking shade under structures that reach into deep water.

Common Carp

The St. Lawrence River has been called America’s carp capital, and few places in the country offer more or bigger carp. Anglers commonly catch carp weighing 20 pounds here, and 40-pound fish are available.

Carp are amazing fighters, and battling a carp that big is something you won’t soon forget.

Methods used to catch them vary widely. The presentation is often as simple as a few kernels of sweet corn threaded onto a hook and fished on the bottom. But serious carp anglers often go to greater lengths to target big carp.

Specialized European-style carp fishing gear and techniques have started catching on in the region, including 12-foot carp rods.

Boilies—hard-boiled baits made using grains and a variety of scents and flavors—are the top carp baits for serious anglers.

The months of June, July and August are the peak of the carp fishing season.

These fish inhabit areas throughout the river and are easily targeted from shore.

Planning Your Trip

The Thousand Islands region has been a major tourism hub in New York going back to the 19th century, and a wide range of amenities are available.

More than a dozen state parks line the shoreline of the river, and several towns offer shopping, dining and lodging.

Alexandria Bay, roughly in the center of the Thousand Islands, is widely considered to be the gateway to the region. Cape Vincent is another major hub at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River as it drains Lake Ontario.

Farther downriver, small cities and towns like Ogdensburg and Waddington also provide access. The river gets quite busy with anglers, campers and recreational boat traffic in summer, but the region’s vast size generally allows elbow room for all.

Getting to the Thousand Islands

The Thousand Islands region is easily accessible from most directions.

Interstate 81 takes drivers on a straight course from Syracuse to Alexandria Bay in about 90 minutes. State Routes 12, 12E and 37 run alongside the river, connecting many towns along its shoreline.

Bank & Boat Access

Anglers have countless options for enjoying the St. Lawrence River.

In addition to the 14 state parks along the river, there are 12 state and municipal public boat launch sites, to say nothing of dozens of privately owned marinas and campgrounds.

Some of the best public access sites, starting at the mouth of the river at Lake Ontario’s eastern end, are located in the following communities:

Cape Vincent

Located at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, the town of Cape Vincent offers excellent bank fishing and free public boat launch facilities at East End Park, which is also a popular scuba diving site.

Burnham Point State Park offers additional fishing, boating and camping opportunities nearby. This park is the closest access to the excellent fishing areas around Carleton Island.

Clayton

Cedar Point State Park includes a fishing pier, campground and boat launch facilities just west of Clayton. The Clayton Municipal Docks has an additional public launch site and 200-foot floating dock complex.

Alexandria Bay

Alexandria Bay, often referred to as Alex Bay, offers the widest range of access options on the American side of the river.

Bank and boat access is available at the Village Docks and Scenic View Park.

Several excellent state parks are just a few minutes away, including Keewaydin State Park and Kring Point State Park, The latter sits on a peninsula between the main river and Goose Bay. Both offer camping, boat launch facilities, docking and bank fishing.

Another great option is Wellesley Island State Park, just across the Thousand Island Bridge from the mainland. The largest camping complex in the region, this park offers boat launch facilities and excellent fishing access on both the river and Lake of the Isles.

Chippewa Bay

Overlooking the bay of the same name, the hamlet of Chippewa Bay provides a free public boat launch at the end of Denner Road, next to the Chippewa Bay General Store. Cedar Island State Park, accessible only from the water, is a short boat ride away.

Morristown

In addition to a public boat ramp and bank fishing access at Bayside Park, Morristown is a short drive from Jacques Cartier State Park. The latter offers excellent launch and docking facilities, as well as bank fishing, campgrounds, and a swimming beach.

Ogdensburg

The city of Ogdensburg, located at the mouth of the Oswegatchie River, offers ample public river frontage for bank fishing at Morrisette Park and public boat ramps at the neighboring Patterson Street Boat Launch. Additional bank access is available on the Oswegatchie River.

Waddington

The town of Waddington has several excellent options for bank fishing, including ample open shoreline near Waddington Beach. Additional bank fishing and a public boat launch are available at Whittaker Park.

Massena

Several public parks in Massena offer fishing and boating access. The town operates the Fish Massena website, providing a handy guide to getting on the water.

Nearby Robert Moses State Park also offers camping, fishing access and boating facilities. The park is located on Barnhart Island, the northernmost point in New York State, and is accessible by car across Barnhart Island Bridge.

Know Before You Go

The Canadian border bisects the St. Lawrence River, and officials on both sides take the boundary seriously. A Province of Ontario fishing license is required to fish on the Canadian side.

Best Shot Sizes & Loads for Pheasant & Quail Hunting

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An In-Depth Look at Shot Sizes, Loads & Chokes for Pheasant & Quail Hunting

A good deal of my experience comes from 55+ years of hunting quail and pheasants, mostly in Illinois, but more recently in other states and involving other species. Reloading experience comes from shooting skeet since 1985 and loading many 100’s of thousands of shells over the years. Once I find a load that works well in skeet, it is usually very good for the bulk of my upland hunting. As I age and reflexes begin to slow a little bit, I find my 28 ga. is a better gun for me to carry and hunt quail with. Shot sizes & loads for pheasants and quail The weight and 26” barrels allow me to get on the birds quicker. My 20-gauge o/u is the same model as the 28, but with 30” barrels and I tend to use 1 oz. loads for pheasant and grouse species. I have, however, dumped quite a few pheasants with the 28 and 7.5 shot. I will use heavier shot for wild pheasants, especially in the late season when they have been hunted and don’t tend to hold tight once pointed. Let’s take a look at some of the developments in ammunition that have improved the entire upland hunting experience and how what load you use while bird hunting can have a major effect on the quality and quantity of table fare you have at the end of an upland hunting trip.

*Interested in an Orvis/ Shooting Sportsman Endorsed Upland Hunting Trip at Harpole’s Heartland Lodge? Experience some of the finest traditional wingshooting in the country! Click Here to Learn More >>*

Improvements in Ammunition for Upland Hunting

The first development was the improvement of ammunition. Paper hulls, fiber wads, soft shot, less selection of shot size, and little choice of shot materials were the order of the day when I started hunting back in the 60’s. Today, almost all hulls are plastic, shot is harder, shot is available in a more varied range of sizes and materials, wad columns are predominantly one piece and plastic, powders are more efficient, hulls are color coded (20 and 16) for safety purposes, and there are more ammunition manufacturers than the “big three” of my youth. Winchester, Remington, and Federal are producing the vast majority of the shells made in the U.S. There are some companies that have been purchased by one or more of these and are still sold under their original brand name. There are many imported brands available also. Many of these are easily reloadable. Consult publications put out by powder and reloading equipment manufacturers for recipes and components. ALWAYS FOLLOW THE PUBLISHED RECIPE AS VARYING FROM IT CAN CAUSE POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE GUN AND/OR INJURY/DEATH TO THE SHOOTER AND ANY BYSTANDERS.

I hunted pheasant, quail, and rabbits as a kid. Six shot for the big stuff and 8’s for quail were most commonly used. Shell selection in the 16, 28, and 410 was very limited and still is. For the 12 and 20 gauge, there is such a multitude of hunting shells available that it is difficult to know what to purchase sometimes. Often, the decision made is based on cost alone. I came from a small town and used what I could get my hands on which wasn’t always the correct load or shot size for what I was hunting. Interested in hunting wild quail or pheasant at a legendary American Wing-Shooting Lodge? Check out what Harpole’s Heartland Lodge Quail and Pheasant Hunting Lodge has to offer here>>

Best Shot Shells for Quail & Pheasant Hunting

pheasant and dog shot sizes What is to follow is just my opinion based on actual hunting situations from a lifetime of wingshooting experience. I hunt over bird dogs, if the bird is not pointed, there is not going to be a shot. The cheapest shells, also called promotional loads, are inferior to top of the line shells by the same manufacturer. Cheap components are what make the promotional loads cheaper. Poor patterning due to soft shot and too much velocity will produce disappointing results under most circumstances. In promotional loads, velocity is boosted thereby raising chamber pressures to ensure that gas operated autoloaders will function reliably. Some hunters try to get by with one gun and use it for everything they might hunt. A 12 ga. goose gun is sorely lacking when hunting quail even if the loads and choke have been changed to be more appropriate. (Often times, a wife has a major impact on what equipment is allowed. They do not tend to understand the difference between tools and toys.) This being the case, promotional load patterns tend to spread quickly due to soft shot deforming as it leaves the barrel. Those trying to make due with one gun with a reasonably tight choke will get more open patterns with the cheapies, but not necessarily better performance and more birds in the bag.

The 28 ga. 1-ounce loads are an attempt to make the sweet little 28’s into something they were never intended to be. These guns are light weight and fast handling. They are probably the most ballistically perfect of any of the gauges in the ¾ oz. standard loading. The one ouncers are abusive and not worth the extra expense if you can even find them on the gun shop shelf. If larger shot charges and shot sizes are necessary for what you hunt, go to a bigger gauge. For more information on hunting pheasant and quail with the 28 gauge, click here>>

Velocity & Ounce Size for Pheasant & Quail Hunting

Even if the shells you purchase are top of the line, there is no reason to have 1300+ feet per second lead loads to harvest upland birds, especially in 12 ga. heavy loads. Some manufacturers making these loads are sponsors for upland hunting tv shows which entices newbies that don’t pheasant or quail hunt much to buy them. The extra recoil is unnecessary, unpleasant, will eventually cause a flinching problem for the shooter, and they will not kill a pheasant or quail any deader than a standard velocity hunting load. Some specialty loads with semi-exotic names (Prairie “Butt Kickers” for example) are great for pheasant drives with long shots taken on wild flushes or over flushing bird dogs, but the quality of the pheasant for the table is sadly lacking. They tend to look like someone went postal on them with a large bore screwdriver. I have tried those in 12 ga. with 1 ¼ oz. of shot pushed at 1500 fps. I took two boxes with me on a pheasant hunting trip and shot exactly 2 of them, killing 2 pheasants before I made it back to the truck and swapped them out for my standard loads. I gave away all of those butt kickers to a kid that liked to be physically abused in the face and shoulder. He quit using them at the end of one box and gave the other away. It should be noted that both of us were using gas operated autos so recoil would be lessened.

Quail hunting shot sizes Nontoxic shot was mandated by Federal law for waterfowl hunting and has infiltrated some State ran hunting areas for non-migrating species. Nontoxic loads have come a long way since the original mandate. Steel is cheapest and there are some loadings in other metals and combinations of metals that perform as well as or better than lead loads for upland game but are very expensive to say the least. Those loads bear looking into for nontoxic restriction areas. From experience, steel 3’s and 4’s in 12 or 20 gauges seem to do the job quite well on pheasants and steel 6’s or 7’s are good for quail and woodcock hunting. Extra speed in steel loads is generally necessary to impart greater striking force on the game being shot because steel is lighter than lead.

Size of Shot vs Quality of Table Fare

What will make a difference in hunting and table fare is the type and size of shot that is used. If the shot size is matched to the game and the customary distances that the game is taken, the results will be pleasing. I converted to hunting with copper plated shot back in the late 1980’s. Copper plated, or nickel-plated shot penetrates better, deforms less than plain soft lead shot, and even performs better in all choke choices. (Generally, copper or nickel-plated shot throws tighter patterns by one choke than the choke that is being utilized. For instance, a skeet choke with copper or nickel-plated shot will throw Improved Cylinder patterns.) This makes a difference in the quality of the table fare. There is less feather draw and blood in the bird when harvested because the shot tends to cut the feathers rather than wad up in them and pull the feathers into the meat. A distinct difference is visually apparent when dressing out pheasants and quail.

Years ago, my hunting buddies invited a fellow to hunt with us on opening weekend of quail and pheasant season in Illinois. He was the one shooting plain lead shot. The rest of us were shooting copper plated 7 ½ or 8’s. We harvested 35 quail that first morning. He had shot 6 of those. When we were done dressing out the birds, we told him to inspect them and see if he could pick out the ones he had shot. To his amazement, the task was very easily accomplished. Anything I can do to make the table fare better is worth any extra expense to me.

Choke Tubes for Upland Game

Choke tubes for pheasant and quail A second important shotgunning innovation, in my opinion, is the development of screw-in chokes. When I began my shotgunning career, fixed chokes were all that was available in production guns. The only versatility of choke came in doubles or over/unders. They commonly had two different chokes, one for close in and one for farther out. Single barreled guns that were choked for waterfowl or walking up on pheasants were sorely lacking for quail and bunny hunting. Some manufacturers listened to their customers’ complaints about versatility and began making extra interchangeable barrels in different barrel lengths and chokes, so hunters did not have to have two or three extra guns for hunting. This worked for most folks, but eventually became a nuisance. At one time I had a Remington 1100 with three different barrels. I even had a barrel outfitted with a PolyChoke device. The PolyChoke worked as advertised. But in the end, I could not stand to look at it on the end of my barrel. It was like looking at Sandra Bullock or Jennifer Anniston with walnut sized wart on the end of their noses.

Screw in Chokes for Wingshooting

Then sometime in the 70’s or 80’s, a guy by the name of Stan Baker out on the West coast started making screw-in chokes for custom trap gun barrels. This revolutionary idea finally caught on and the rest is history. There is very little need for multiple barrels when all that is needed is to screw in a different choke. There are multitudes of different chokes with different features to get ourselves lost in. For my money, extended chokes rather than flush mounted ones are the way to go. They can be changed quickly in the field with fingers only. They are often color coded, so I do not have to carry my reading glasses to see what choke I want to change to. They can be plain or ported which can help with barrel jump and felt recoil. There are several after-market companies that make them for a wide variety of gun makes and models as well as factory choke tubes. There are even after-market companies that make custom chokes for specific loads to get the best possible performance. Waterfowl and turkey hunters have been the biggest beneficiaries of these specific custom chokes.

My advice in all of this is not to scrimp on the quality of the shells you hunt with. Pattern test the loads and chokes you hunt with to make sure they perform at the distances you customarily take your shots. I usually carry an extra choke in my pocket and a couple of different shot sizes in my vest in case conditions change and I need to change with them. Extremely windy days can necessitate going to a shot size or two larger and/or a tighter choke for those fast moving “turbo birds.”

What I Use for a Variety of Hunting

upland hunting at heartland lodge It should be noted that I use a 12 ga. custom pump for deer, 12ga. autoloader for waterfowl, a 20 ga. o/u for pheasant and western grouse species, and a 28 ga. o/u for quail and woodcock. Sabot slugs for deer, Hevi Metal for waterfowl, copper plated 6’s and occasionally 5’s in the 20 ga., and copper plated 7 ½ shot in the 28 ga. I reload all of my 20 and 28 ga. hunting shells. Factory loads of copper plated shot at $18 to $25 a box gets expensive when you shoot 15 to 30 boxes a season for upland birds. In addition, 28 ga. copper plated and nontoxic factory shells do not exist to the best of my knowledge.

By Bud Shipp

The following is part of an article I wrote that was published in the 2013 “L’Epagneul Breton”, the publication for the Club de l’Epagneul Breton of the United States (CEB-US) and has been updated.

**At Heartland Lodge, we recommend using 7 1/2 shot for 12- and 20-gauge shotguns for our terrain and habitat across our quail and pheasant hunting properties.**

Follow the links listed for more information on Pheasant Hunting Packages, Wild Quail Hunts, Waterfowl Hunts or Combination Upland/Waterfowl Hunts. Harpole’s Heartland Lodge is an Orvis and Shooting Sportsman Endorsed wingshooting lodge located in West-Central Illinois specializing in world-class pheasant, quail and waterfowl hunting.

Phone- 217-734-2526

Email- [email protected]

Last Updated: March 17th, 2024

California Outdoors Q&A

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California monarchs

Q: Are there two populations of monarch butterflies in California?

A: The bottom line is that it’s unclear, but we continue to track the research, as we are responsible for their conservation and successful migration.

In addition to the declining population of migratory western monarch butterflies, scientists are seeing an increase in resident monarchs that breed year-round. Resident monarchs have been reported in higher numbers in coastal areas from San Diego to the San Francisco Bay Area. Historically, the migratory monarch population overwintered in coastal groves from October to March. During the rest of the year, monarchs migrated and bred throughout states west of the Rocky Mountains. In the past, winter breeding may have occurred at a low level. However, over the past few years it has expanded concurrent with the decline of the migratory population. A 2021 scientific study estimated that there were approximately 12,000 resident monarchs — more than six times the remaining migratory population.

Scientists are currently looking into which factors are influencing the transition to year-round breeding. One hypothesis is that the expansion of nonnative tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) in home gardens may induce winter breeding. Climate change could also play a role as warmer winter weather exposes monarchs to temperatures that can cause them to break reproductive diapause early.

It is unclear whether resident monarchs represent a separate population from the migratory population or if there is intermixing. If they are distinct populations, questions remain over whether the resident and migratory populations can persist side by side. Finally, scientists are still trying to determine if the transition to year-round breeding represents a persistent trend or is a short-term adaptation to local conditions.

As a trustee agency, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) is tasked with protecting California’s flora and fauna, including terrestrial invertebrates like monarch butterflies for their ecological value and enjoyment by the public. California Fish and Game Code (FGC) section 1021 directs CDFW to “take feasible actions to conserve monarch butterflies and the unique habitats they depend upon for successful migration.”

Turkey hunting guides

Q: I’m a fairly inexperienced turkey hunter but I’m interested in learning more this fall. Other than word-of-mouth, do you have any suggestions on how (and where) I might find a good guide?

A: Yes! CDFW maintains a list of licensed guides for both hunting and fishing. You can find the list on our website, and sort by services offered, species targeted and/or county, as well as by name or permit number if you’re looking for a particular guide. Guided hunts are often worth the investment for new hunters – you’re paying for their shared knowledge and experience, and it greatly increases your chances of a successful outing! Good luck!

Lake and streambed alteration

Q: My neighbor is dumping dirt in the creek by our home. Is this legal?

A: It might be. California Fish and Game Code (FGC) section 1602(a) requires notification to CDFW of any activity that would substantially alter the bed, bank or channel of a river, stream or lake, or dispose of material where it could enter into a river, stream or lake. Therefore, it would be illegal for your neighbors to alter the creek bed by your home without notifying CDFW. CDFW requires a Lake and Streambed Alteration (LSA) Agreement when a project activity may substantially adversely affect fish and wildlife resources. For more information, please visit CDFW’s LSA Program online.

FGC section 5650 outlines prohibitions on water pollution including discharge of any of the following into California waterways:

(1) Any petroleum, acid, coal or oil tar, lampblack, aniline, asphalt, bitumen, or residuary product of petroleum, or carbonaceous material or substance.

(2) Any refuse, liquid or solid, from any refinery, gas house, tannery, distillery, chemical works, mill, or factory of any kind.

(3) Any sawdust, shavings, slabs, or edgings.

(4) Any factory refuse, lime, or slag.

(5) Any cocculus indicus.

(6) Any substance or material deleterious to fish, plant life, mammals, or bird life.

If you believe you have witnessed an environmental crime, you should document the incident(s) via CalTip: wildlife.ca.gov/Enforcement/CalTIP. Other agencies, including local government entities, the Regional Water Quality Control Board and Army Corps of Engineers, to name a few, may also have legal authority over these activities.

Bag vs. possession limit

Q: What’s the difference between a bag limit and possession limit? Is the possession limit always double the bag limit?

A: “Bag limit” is defined in California Fish and Game Code (FGC), section 18 as the maximum limit, in number or amount, of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles or amphibians that may lawfully be taken by any one person during a specified period of time. “Possession limit” is defined in FGC, section 19 as the maximum, in number or amount, of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, or amphibians that may be lawfully possessed by one person.

The answer to your second question is no, the possession limit is not always double the bag limit. Possession limit and bag limit are frequently different, so it’s crucial to consult the appropriate regulations for the fish, game or other species you are attempting to take. As an example, during waterfowl season the daily bag limit is seven ducks. The possession limit for ducks is triple the daily bag limit so a hunter can legally possess 21 ducks.

CDFW Photo

Hunting Thermals, As Explained by a Meteorologist

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Image: ImageBy_Bill_Konway_themals_treestand

Hunters who don’t pay attention to thermals likely won’t experience as much success, especially when bowhunting. Image by Bill Konway

After a tedious climb, I crested the ridgetop as a bugle rang out 250 yards below me. Carefully, I negotiated down the slope, scanning for a large tan shape amidst the dense timber as I descended. Eventually, I put my eyes on a cow elk. Glassing a little bit more, I soon turned up a second cow. Finally, the bull appeared in my binoculars. He was bedded down, bugling occasionally. At about 100 yards away, I didn’t dare take another step because one of the cows was facing me. I nocked an arrow and held tight, waiting for the elk to stand and hopefully wander closer.

But it wasn’t meant to be. Suddenly, I felt air pull downward, and a commotion ensued as the bull and his cows instantly rumbled downhill. I’d been busted. Although the wind had been steady higher up the ridge where I’d originally heard the first bugle, the morning shadows shifted, instigating a swirl that betrayed me, pulling my scent straight downhill to the bedded elk. Welcome to the world of thermals.

Image: ImageBy_John_Hafner_elk_bull_scent

Elk live longer lives thanks to strong thermals. Image by John Hafner

WHAT ARE THERMALS?

From my point of view and experience with thermals while hunting, I describe them like this: Thermals are air currents that rise as the earth warms after sunrise and drop as it cools after sunset and through to the early morning hours. However, I was interested in a more scientific explanation, so I spoke with friend and meteorologist Mike Breunling of central Wisconsin.

“Thermals are small-scale phenomena that meteorologists classify as localized effects,” he said. “They’re small currents of heated air produced above a surface that is warmer and more buoyant than its immediate surroundings. There’s no magic to thermals. It’s just a situation in which a given locale is favorable for differential heating — one part of the earth’s surface is heated more than the immediate surrounding areas, which puts a circulation in motion.”

Thermals can happen anywhere and anytime where the earth’s surface is heated in a very small area more than surrounding areas.

“The surface in this context could be a forest or flat ground on the prairie,” Breunling said. “It could be rock outcroppings in a more topographically diverse region. The heat essentially sets the air into motion. When the air is heated, it tends to rise. As well, other atmospheric factors can determine to what extent the air will rise when it’s heated.

“Cold air will start to flow off from where the thermal originated and pool toward the low-lying areas as surfaces of the earth cool back down. The intensity and amount of cool air is based on how long the thermal was in existence in that given locale. Other atmospheric conditions also play a role in this. For example, if there isn’t much ambient wind, the thermal circulation is going to rule the day. But, if there is a greater prevailing wind, it can tend to mitigate the thermal’s intensity and thereby diminish some of the localized cooling effects that the thermal might produce.”

Knowing this, you can anticipate that elevations higher than the thermal will be warmer and elevations lower than the thermal will be cooler. This can help you make some educated hunting plans, which we’ll discuss next.

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Image: ImageBy_Russell_Graves_whitetail_thermals_scent

When possible, whitetails almost always use thermals to their benefit. Image by Russell Graves

THERMALS AND HUNTING PLANS

Although Breunling isn’t a hunter, his long meteorology career positions him to talk about how hunters might become more effective in the presence of thermals.

“Over time, the more one hunts in a specific environment — perhaps wooded, hilly or even mountainous terrain, for example — the better they will come to understand how thermals work in very specific locations,” he said. “You’ll begin to understand thermal circulations for each location and can make plans accordingly. There are all types of varying situations, so when you get to know the topography and surroundings, then it’s a matter of whether or not the overall atmospheric conditions are favorable to allow thermals to form and to what degree of intensity.”

You can typically count on some basics. If you’re hunting whitetails in a draw that connects a valley to a ridge top during late afternoon, you can anticipate thermals to cause an air circulation that floods down the draw toward the valley as the sun sets, taking your scent with it. When you’re at the top of a ridge at noon on a sunny day and want to approach a bugling bull elk on a bench below, the thermals will typically draw your scent uphill away from the elk — the exception being if a prevailing wind is overriding or mitigating the thermals.

One of the most effective ways to hunt elk or mule deer in mountainous topography is to approach along a sidehill at the same elevation as the animal. Whether the thermals are falling or rising, you should be in a safe zone approaching from the sidehill in most cases.

It’s risky to approach an animal on foot when the thermals are switching from falling to rising at sunrise or from rising to falling around sunset. If you use a wind checker at this time, you’ll notice the powder often swirls erratically. There are many inconsistencies as the shift occurs, and I’ve been busted by elk numerous times in these instances. You’re better off waiting for the thermals to fully stabilize before approaching.

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Image: ImageBy_Bill_Konway_deer_hunting-9626

Deer, elk, and other big game animals are difficult to tag, especially if the thermals are in their favor. Image by Bill Konway

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

Back up the mountain, I was chasing a herd bull that was being badgered by multiple satellite bulls. It was a magical morning when they just didn’t stop bugling. Managing the thermals as I shadowed the herd was difficult, but I monitored them closely with my wind checker.

Finally, at about noon, I slipped into a situation I knew would work. A bull was bugling at roughly my same level, and another bull bugled beneath me about 100 yards away. I worked in between the two bulls, knowing the heated landscape would keep the thermal circulation going uphill. I no more than nocked an arrow when the bull below me appeared and was walking directly at me.

I drew back when he was 50 yards out, and soon after, when he paused to assess the bowhunter standing 14 yards away, I shot him perfectly through the front of the chest. He ran a little more than 100 yards before going down. I’d waited for the thermals to be consistent and for the right opportunity to strike, and the good Lord blessed my plans.

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Image: ImageBy_Bill_Konway_thermals_spot_stalk-2835

When you understand thermals, it will be much easier to get within bow range of big game. Image by Bill Konway

CONCLUSION

If you haven’t paid much attention to thermals or just haven’t quite figured them out, you might be limiting your success and giving the animals you hunt an edge. For the most part, thermals can be predictable at certain times of day, especially given clear, sunny conditions, and a lack of wind. Of course, there are also times when they’re unpredictable, such as cloudy days or right at sunrise or sunset. But, the more you hunt in a given location, the more you’ll understand how they work in that spot and how to hunt more effectively around them.

Best Shimano Spinning Reels: Ratings, Reviews & Top Picks

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Are you trying to determine which is the best Shimano spinning reel for your specific fishing needs? There are many options to pick from, so choosing the right reel can be challenging. In this article, we asked our fishing community to recommend their favorites so you can decide for yourself.

shimano spinning reel

How to Choose the Right Shimano Spinning Reel

man choosing spinning reel
Choosing a spinning reel can be tough.

As you have probably figured out by now, the Shimano brand offers spinning reels that share several noteworthy features. Your choice of the fishing reel should be based on your preferences, style of fishing, the type of fish you’re targeting, and a reputable brand.

Size and Weight

The size of the Shimano spinning reels you get should depend on the size of the fish you want to catch. For instance, if you are targeting smaller fish, a 500 to 1000-size reel should suffice. If your reel is too big for your line size, you will have more lines than you know what to do with, and it’ll be heavy to carry all day.

If you are going with a heavier line, you’d need a bit larger reel. It’d be worth checking out the Shimano Ci4 or FG.

The former is lightweight and made of carbon material that flexes just enough to tackle medium size fish. However, the Stradic FJ is more rigid, which makes it more robust against stronger or bigger fish.

Drag System

Every experienced angler knows that a spinning reel with weak drag is basically a useless reel, especially if you are trying to catch strong fish.

The importance of a quality drag system is in its smoothness and stopping power. Depending on the size of the fish you’re targeting, you’ll want the appropriate drag pressure.

However, when you have a drag system that isn’t smooth, you risk breaking off your fish due to the spikes in tension on the line.

Gear Ratio

shimano spinning reel thai

Slower ones would be 5s:1 and 6s:1 for heavy loads, and faster gear ratios, i.e., 7:1 or above, are for moving lures quickly through the water.

These determine the speed at which fishing reels pick up the line. So if a reel has a gear ratio of 6.3:1, that means that the spool goes around 6.3 times for every turn the reel handle makes.

What makes gears extra special in these reels is that no cutting work is applied to them. Instead, the whole surface is designed using 3D technology and created via cold forging.

Propulsion Line Management System and Aero Wrap II

Shimano spinning reels feature a Propulsion Management System, one of the best features of which is the Propulsion spool lip design.

It provides a more extended casting range than the standard variety and prevents wind knots and backlashes from forming.

Reels that have the Aero Wrap II feature as well can benefit from optimal oscillation, uniform line lay, and winding shape, which prevents energy loss during casting. In simpler words, with a Shimano reel that has these two features, you can increase how far you cast without exerting yourself.

Line Capacity

The line capacity you want in your Shimano reel will depend on a few factors including.

  • Size of the spool
  • The line you use on the spool

For example, if you are using a mono line for a Shimano Baitrunner reel, you can get a line that is 265 yds long with a 12 lb test or a 170 yds long line that can withstand a 15lb test.

Similarly, if you prefer braid and are using, say, a Shimano AERO Technium reel, you can get a 60-yds long line that can withstand a 40lb test or a 460-yds line that can withstand a 50lb test.

Quality Materials and Construction

shimano reel upside down

The Hagane design concept in Shimano reels ensures that they can withstand consistent use and extreme abuse in the toughest of conditions.

The strength and durability of the Hagane gearing, efficient power transmission of the X-Ship technology, and the rigid body of the reel maintain this concept in every reel.

All of these benefits come together to eliminate body flexing, which in turn translates into more cranking power.

Shimano Warranty

Shimano reels come with a two-year warranty beginning the moment they are purchased.

It should be noted, however, that this warranty does not cover reels that have incurred damage because of wear and tear or neglect.

Damage that has been inflicted by the end-user is not covered by the warranty, nor is repair, modifications, or improper reassembly. The removal of serial numbers is an absolute no-go and nullifies the warranty no matter the issue.

Shimano USA Headquarters: 1 Holland, Irvine, CA 92618

Shimano phone number: (949) 951-5003

1. Shimano Stella SW

Best Saltwater Spinning Reel

Available in 8 size ranges (from 5,000 to a whopping 30,000), the Shimano Stella SW comes in three gearing ratios. Its power aluminum body, along with an X-rigid rotor handle and body, works together to reduce power loss. Like other Shimano reels, it also features X-ship technology.

This includes two bearings that are situated at either end of the pinion gear and remain in place under heavy load. The Stella makes for high-quality tuna and sailfish reels, which are robust and pull like mad.

We love the aesthetics of this Shimano spinning reel as well as how smooth it casts. However, be prepared to shell out some significant cash for this beauty. The only thing that will put you a bit aback is the price, which is steep. Ultimately, it’s a Stella…you get what you pay for.

2. Shimano Stella FJ

Best Freshwater Spinning Reel

The Shimano Stella FJ spinning reel boasts a smooth drivetrain as well as X-protect. This allows it to resist water damage. The propulsion line management system offers long casting ability and prevents knots from forming in the reel.

The spool support of the main shaft has been strengthened in this model, ensuring smooth drag delivery under heavy loads.

This reel has MicroModule II gearing and silent drive, which provide the smoothest and quietest operation we’ve ever experienced. Again, the only setback might be the price.

3. Shimano Ultegra XSD

Best Long Cast Spinning Reel

Though not usually in the running for the best reel, you would be hard-pressed to find a reel better than the Shimano Ultegra XSD for its price.

Its instant drag system allows you to switch between fight drag and free spool easily. The Super Stopper II feature also prevents back play and free movement on the handle for smooth line management.

The Ultegra XSD spinning fishing reel’s propulsion line management system features the AR-C spool and a patented angled spool lip, which reduces line friction. The technology reduces drag and increases casting distance.

We love how smoothly this reel casts, but we wish the brand had paid more attention to the aesthetics. The fishing reel looks a bit plasticky at first glance.

4. Shimano Exsence

If you need one of the best spinning reels that can withstand harsh saltwater conditions, check out the Shimano Exsence. It features an internal labyrinth structure that repels corrosive saltwater even if you are soaked by the heavy spray.

Plus, the X-Ship technology, as well as the Hagane gear and body, ensure smooth winding and increased durability. Also, the G Free Body technology shifts the center of gravity of the reel closer to the rod and, thus, the angler’s hand position. This reduces fatigue and increases casting distance.

The Shimano spinning fishing reel embodies all of the best features the brand has to offer but in a more rugged and affordable package. There are no cons to this reel that we could see, making this one of the best Shimano spinning reels you can get for saltwater fishing.

5. Shimano Stradic Ci4

The Shimano Stradic Ci4 boasts a CoreProtect waterproof drag system and is exceptionally lightweight, both of which make it ideal for saltwater fishing.

With striking good looks and a smooth operation that is right up there with more expensive models, it is little wonder why the Stradic spinning reel is popular with anglers.

The EVA grip on the Stradic is a lighter alternative to plastic and does not get as slippery when it gets wet, either. Plus, the cold-forge aluminum spool provides extra strength and durability compared to graphite or diecast aluminum spools.

The Shimano Stradic Ci4 is so lightweight that it floats, which you will thank the brand for if it is dragged into the water by an overly feisty fish.

However, the size and position of the anti-reverse lever in this Stradic is a problem. It is located right up against the rotor under the reel and is tiny that you may have difficulty using it.

6. Shimano Stradic Ci4+ RA

Shimano Rear Drag Spinning Reel

The Shimano Stradic Ci4+ spinning reel is an advanced version of the Ci4 fishing reel, the only difference being that it is two and a half times stiffer in comparison. This reduces flexibility in the body and rotor even if the rod is under extreme pressure.

Plus, the Stradic Ci4+ has a 6:1 line retrieve gear ratio and Aero Wrap II oscillation for excellent line lay. The power roller also reduces line twists, which will come in handy if you use mono or braid. The Stradic Ci4+ also boasts five Shielded A-RB bearings for a powerful yet, silky-smooth performance.

The Ci4+ Stradic fishing reel’s rapid-fire drag and the fact that it is an incredibly lightweight reel, make it a must-buy. However, like the Stradic Ci4, it also has a tiny anti-reverse switch, which can be challenging to access, especially when you are trying to reel in a big catch.

However, it is one of the best Shimano spinning reels you can get if you are looking for a light yet robust fishing reel.

7. Shimano NASCI

Inshore Spinning Reel

The Shimano NASCI is one of the best Shimano spinning reels for freshwater as well as saltwater fishing. It boasts the Hagane gear technology for a smooth retrieve experience even under heavy loads. The NASCI is available in 5.0:1 and 6.2:1 gear ratio.

The fishing reel also features thick bail wire that prevents it from wrapping, which is only suitable for propulsion line management.

We love how the NASCI feels in our hands, especially if it is paired with the right rod. The spinning reel can give you hours of easy fishing with little fatigue. However, the spool is not braid-ready, and the reel is not fully sealed either, which can pose a problem.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ruger Air Hawk Review

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You already know that Ruger makes some of the best quality guns in the world.

Ruger is a recognized brand name with good reason, and this is no letdown.

The Air Hawk is an imitation of the legendary Diana RWS 34 but with a cheaper price tag.

It has received lots of rave reviews and stands at the top of the best 5 air rifles under $100.

Let’s find out if this air rifle is overrated or not in this review.

Ruger Air Hawk – Guntype

This is a spring-piston gun.

Spring piston guns tend to be cheap and have amazing accuracy.

You can read more about spring-piston guns’ pros and cons in this post.

The Ruger Air Hawk is a break barrel gun which means that you have to cock it each time you want to shoot.

Break barrel guns are easy to load pellets into because the breech is exposed when it breaks open.

Furthermore, it gives you an unlimited shooting capacity and the convenience to repair it, because the mechanism is so simple.

Finally, a break barrel gun is easy to clean because you have direct access to the bore.

This is a single-shot gun: you can shoot only once at a time.

Single-shot guns give you control over the ammunition and make you a better shooter .

Because you know you have to make your first shot count before the required reload.

The barrel has a caliber of .177 inches (4.5 millimeters) .

.177 is a popular caliber for target practice and plinking but this gun promises to do well in the pest control field, and we’ll get into that later.

(For more on the differences between .177 & .22 and which jobs they do best, see this post.)

The barrel is rifled with helical grooves inside so it makes the bullet spin before it exits the barrel.

The barrel and compression tube are made of semi-gloss bluing steel to prevent it from rusting .

(For more on things you should know about air rifle barrels before buying, see this post.)

Check Price on midwayusa

Stock

The stock is made of hardwood so it brings an intimate, authentic feel to your hand and withstands impact, shock, and abrasion.

It can be refinished easily at any time so it has a very long life span.

For more on the in-depth comparison between synthetic and wood stock, see this post.

The stock is ambidextrous so you will have the same shooting experience whether you are left-handed or right-handed.

Also, the stock has a rubber recoil pad to reduce kickback in the shooting.

The stock is designed in a Monte Carlo style with a raised comb and low heel.

The Monte Carlo stock has lots of advantages including improved accuracy.

Since the shooter’s eyes are lined up more naturally with the sight, it absorbs a small amount of recoil and therefore allows faster follow-up shots.

Sight

The front sight is fiber optic: it uses optical fibers for the dots and channels the ambient light to the rear sight so that it’s brighter than the dark surroundings.

Fiber optic sight comes in handy if you don’t have perfect eyesight or if you are shooting in low-light conditions.

Besides, it provides fast target acquisition and more accuracy in normal conditions.

What else? The rear sight is fiber optic.

It is fully adjustable for air resistance and windage, allowing you to adjust left and right, and for elevation as it allows you to adjust the sight up and down.

(For more on how many types of air gun sights are out there and which one is suitable for you, see this post.)

In addition to the handy fiber optic sight, Ruger has added the 4×32 scope in case you get bored with iron-sight shooting.

32 is the diameter of the front lens, measured in centimeters, while 4 is the magnification of the scope i.e. it magnifies the picture 4 times bigger than real sight.

This scope is good enough for plinking but I suggest you upgrade to a better scope if you want to go hunting.

Velocity, accuracy and power

Chrony tests give us results as follows:

PelletFPS
Hyper mag pellets 5.2 gr, lead-free pellet1142.41 – 1154.5 – 1145.55
JSB exact jumbo799.48- 805.06 – 802.65
Crosman premier light 7.9 gr925
Stoeger X speed precision pellet1045 
Crosman Premiere super domed726.5
RWS Superdome 8.3 gr737.4 
Crosman pointed pellet746.1 
RWS Hobby pellet1093 – 1499 – 789 – 797 – 766 – 803 – 810 – 755 769 – 806 – 750 – 771
JSB exact heavy 10.34 gr659 – 757- 665- 534 – 553 – 536 – 550 – 593 – 555 – 546 – 631 – 581 – 559
RWS Max lead-free pellet882- 970 – 892 – 904 – 854 – 835 – 816- 877- 814- 799
RWS Hobby630 – 644- 677- 722- 720- 699- 706 – 1080- 790 – 1089
JSB heavy572 – 893 
RWS 5.2 gr Hyper Max lead-free pellet906 – 1203
Gamo Raptor platinum alloy pellet1098
H&N Field Target Trophy green 5.56 gr1131 – 1579
Crosman Premiere HP 7.9 gr939
JSB Exact Diabolo 8.44 gr820
H&N Field Target Trophy 8.64 gr863
H&N Baracuda Mathch 10.65 gr788
Crosman SSP 4 gr1463
H&Ntarget trophy green 5.56 gr1182
Field target trophy 8.64 gr929 
Crosman premier 7.9 gr989
RWS 9.3 gr super mag817 – 965
CPHP927
Crosman premier heavy 10.5 gr760 
PBA gold1189
7.9 gr destroyer895
7.71gr gamo match915 
RWS Superdome900

The common shooting groups are:

  • ¾” at 20 meters with JSB exact jumbo
  • 2 ½” at 60 feet
  • 0.61” – 0.64” at 22 yards
  • 0.493” at 10 meters with AirARm Falcon pellet
  • 0.411” at 10m with Crosmn Premiere 7.9 gr
  • ¼” at 8 yards
  • 1 hole 5 shots group at 10 yards with polybag
  • ¼” with destroyer, 3/8” with CPHP
  • less than ½” at 40 yards with Baracuda match 10.64gr
  • 1/6” at 25 yards, 2-3” at 100 yards
  • hit a penny at 10m
  • dime size at 20 yards
  • 1” at 50 feet out of the box
  • 0.75” at 10 meter
  • 0.86” at 25 yards with H&N target trophy green
  • 0.91” at 25 yards with H&N field target trophy 8.64 gr
  • 0.61” at 25 yards with Crosman Premire 7.9 gr
  • hit 1.5” square block at 40 yards and 32 oz bottle at 100 yards
  • ¾” at 30 yards
  • nickel size at 13 yards with Crosman destroyer
  • 1.5” at 30 yards
  • 1 ½” at 30 yards with CPHP, dime size at 60 feet
  • 0.65 “ at 10 yards
  • hit penny at 25 yards with Kodiak and RWS super mag
  • ½” at 20 yards with CPHP
  • dime size at 15 yards
  • less than ½” at 25 yards
  • hit a 2.5” tin at 55 yards with CPHP
  • dime-sized group at 30 yards within 30 shots
  • 1” at 25 yards out of the box
  • 1” at 15 yards
  • 0.5” at 10 yards with Gamo match
  • hit 1” knot on a pine tree at 36 yards using open sight
  • a dime at 50 yards, ¾” at 20 yards
  • 1” at 30 yards
  • 2” at 50 yards
  • 2” at 100 yards
  • 50-cent size at 50 yards
  • 1” at 30 yards
  • group 3 shots through beer bottle cap at 30 yards
  • dime size at 30 yards
  • a quarter-size group at 15 yards
  • 3” at 80 yards
  • stack up pellet at 50 yards
  • hit a pack of cigarettes at 60 yards
  • hit a 7” frying pan at 50 yards on average 2 seconds after loaded (quick follow-up shot)
  • 1 – ½” at 30 m with H&N Baracuda Match
  • 1” at 30 feet
  • sight in at 20 yards
  • hit street light at 30 yards
  • 1” at 25 yards
  • ½” at 30 yards
  • ¼” at 30 yards
  • 1” at 75 yards
  • 3/8” at 165 feet
  • ¼” at 30 yards
  • and ¼” at 20 yards out of the box.

That accuracy looks promising, how about the power? Surprisingly, Ruger Air Hawk can:

  • hit tin can at 80 yards
  • blow 8 oz pop can at 30 yards
  • penetrate ¼” phone book with Crosman Premiere pointed pellet at 45 yards
  • picking off crow at 50-80 feet with Beeman Crow Magnum
  • kill bird at 30 yards
  • go right through a hard piece of ½” plywood like it wasn’t even there with H&N Baracuda
  • penetrate 8” deep in a cardboard box at 8 yards
  • Pick off crow at 50-80 feet with Beeman Crow magnum
  • Dispatch squirrels and birds at 20 meters
  • pick off a 12 oz can at 25 yards with easy
  • Kill 10 squirrels and 26 woodpecks
  • went completely through a chest of a squirrel at 30 yards
  • shatter beer bottles at 30 yards
  • pick off a pop can at 50 feet using open sight
  • 1 shot kills a crow at 50 yards
  • blow a turtle’s head out at 7 yards with CPHP
  • went through a tin can and ¾ way into a 2×4 board with Raptor gold pellet
  • shot a bird at 30 yards on the first day with the gun
  • headshot a couple of foxes at 50-60 yards
  • shoot squirrel at 80 yards, hit a squirrel at 50 feet
  • headshot opossum at 20 feet with 6.5 gr flat tip target ammo
  • nail a squirrel at the bird feeder at 20 yards- pellet go through the pest and feeder cleanly
  • headshot crow at 83 yards
  • shot robin at 50 yards and squirrel at 40 yards
  • went through both fences at 31 yards
  • kill squirrel at 12-15 yards
  • shoot through 3/8” phone book up and ¼” plywood behind it.

To sum up, common pests like squirrels, rabbits, crows, etc don’t stand a chance before this heavy-hitting rifle.

Trigger

This trigger is almost an exact replica of the T06 trigger on the RWS 34 rifle.

The trigger plate is metal, not plastic.

Furthermore, the trigger pull test gives us amazing numbers:

  • The trigger pulls at only 1 lbs 155 ounces, 3 lbs 6 oz, 2 lbs 14 oz, which makes it a dream for young shooters.

The safety is automatically on when you cock the gun so you don’t have to worry about misfiring.

Cocking and loading

To cock the gun, hold the pistol grip with one hand, place the stock on your hip, and break the barrel all the way down to its limit.

Load it with the breech open after you cock the gun, but the pellet into the chamber (with the pellet’s nose lying forward)

And pull the barrel up to its original position and you are ready to shoot.

Loudness

The noise test result of this gun is 100.7 decibels, which is in the medium range: not so loud and still backyard friendly

Maintenance

At first, you can get banging noises due to excess preservative oil burning off.

Just clean the barrel and shoot a lot of light pellets and you’ll be fine.

Oil it with 2 drops of RWS air chamber lube every 1000 shots, into the compression chamber port.

This keeps the piston and mainspring working.

Protect the barrel by coating it with RWS spring cylinder oil if you are not going to use this gun for a long time.

A tip to increase accuracy more: just tighten the screw, fit a better scope, select the right pellet, and hold the gun correctly.

Customer review

Customers are content with the power and accuracy of the Ruger Air Hawk at its price level.

They love its quality build, beautiful fiber optic sights, solid weight, and crisp trigger.

Most negative reviews mostly concern defective products or damaged scopes.

They are item-specific and do not affect every single gun.

Some customers complain that the rifle is made in China

But so what? 

Ruger will not let any Chinese company produce their air guns without strict provision

Because cheap production lines can ruin the entire reputation they worked so hard to build up.

Specifications

  • Caliber: .177″ (4.5mm)
  • Max velocity : 1000 FPS
  • Loudness : 3-Medium
  • Barrel Length: 18.7″
  • Overall Length: 44.8″
  • Shot Capacity: 1
  • Cocking Effort 30lbs
  • Barrel: Rifled
  • Front Sight: Fiber optic
  • Rear Sight: Fiber optic (Adjustable for windage and elevation)
  • Scopeable: 11mm dovetail
  • Trigger: Two-stage adjustable
  • Buttplate: Soft rubber recoil pad
  • Average trigger pull: 2 lbs
  • Action: Break the barrel
  • Safety: Automatic
  • Powerplant: Spring piston
  • Function: single shot
  • Weight: 8.16 lbs
  • Scope: 4×32
  • Cocking effort: 31lbs
  • Made in China
  • Distributed and imported by Umarex
  • Suggested for: small game hunting/ plinking/target practice/pest control
  • Warranty: 1 year

This gun weighs more than 8 lbs, making it pretty heavy for young shooters but very nice if you have a medium to large build.

Also, the heft makes the gun feel solid and helps a little bit with accuracy.

Price

The price of a Ruger Air Hawk is so cheap: just around 100 dollars for a gun that’s solid, hard-hitting, and extremely accurate.

For that cheap price, if you take care of it, you‘ll have a good gun for a long time and get rid of squirrels or rabbits on your property.

Pros and Cons

ProsCons
  • Awesome, solid stock
  • Durable blued barrel
  • Stunning power
  • Amazing accuracy
  • Light, crispy trigger
  • Gorgeous fiber optic sight
  • Cheap price
  • Made in China

Check Price on amazon

Conclusion

This rifle is hard to beat in its price class, it has good bluing, good metal, and the accuracy that you come to expect from Ruger’s name.

If you want better accuracy, just replace the scope.

Furthermore, it has so much power despite the fact that it’s a .177 rifle.

The Air Hawk is an inexpensive rifle that’s worth putting a quality scope on down the road!

Hickory Nuts Vs Walnuts: What’s The Difference?

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Hickory nuts and walnuts may look similar, but they are actually quite different. For starters, hickory nuts are much larger than walnuts. Hickory nuts also have a thick, hard shell that is difficult to crack, while walnuts have a thin, soft shell that is easy to break open. The flavor of hickory nuts is also much stronger than that of walnuts. Finally, hickory trees are native to North America, while walnut trees are native to Europe and Asia.

The walnut tree and the hickory tree are both members of the Juglandaceae, or walnut plant family. The USDA categorizes walnuts as being in USDA plant hardiness zones 4 through 9, while hickories are classified as being in USDA plant hardiness zones 4 to 8. Because of its notoriously difficult growing conditions and messy leaves and nuts when it falls, black walnuts make an excellent plant nursery.

The hickory (genus Carya) tree is a genus of about 18 species of deciduous timber and nut-producing trees found in the walnut family (Juglandaceae).

Hickory is rated 1820 by Janka, while American or Black Walnut is rated at 1100, making it one of the hardest domestic hardwoods.

Nut trees come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including walnuts, Hickory, pecans, and persimmons.

There are over a dozen species of hickory trees, including pecans and walnuts. There are many types of leaf and trunk that have similar characteristics, including leaf structure, trunk shape, and average height. Some of the nuts that fall off of hickory trees are inedible, but most of them are safe to consume.

What Is Another Name For Hickory Nuts?

Hard-shelled nuts surround a woody husk in these Hickory fruits. The amount of shear between the species, as well as whether the sutures are winged along the entire length or one or two-thirds of the width, affects how easily they split. They can be eaten, though they vary in size and flavor.

These nuts are edible and have a nutty, sweet flavor similar to pecans. Hickory nuts can also be identified by the way they separate into four distinct segments in the hard shell. When the hicksory tree first starts producing nuts, it takes 25 to 30 years. When harvesting Hickory nuts, one of the issues is that the hard shell is broken. Hickory nuts ripen on the tree’s leaves during the fall and drop to the ground during windy or snowy weather. You can easily cook the nuts and flesh from the tree because the flesh is sweet and nutty. Hickory trees are classified into two types: those with long, pinnately compound leaves and those with lance-shaped leaflets.

Walnut trees have a smoother, gray bark that begins to crack as the tree ages. Other types of hickory nuts can be identified if you look closely at the tree’s characteristics. The shape of the leaf on a shagbark hickory nut can help you identify it. Pinnate leaves are commonly made up of five leaflets with pointed tips, each of which is short and oval. The name mockernut comes from the difficulty of opening a mockernut, which exposes a tiny kernel that is barely edible. Bitternut nuts are not suitable for human consumption because they have a rancid flavor. The diameter of the red hickory nut ranges between 1.5 and 2.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm), and its weight ranges between 0.5 and 1.3 pounds (0.4 to 1.5 cm).

The sand hickories are oblong, flat, and have a thin, hard outer shell that has a sweet flavor. Scrub hicksies can grow to be a shrub-like tree with 10-16 feet (3-5 m) of stems. There are three kinds of Nutmeg Hickory Nut: Hickory Nut, Smoky Nut, and Black Nut. A nutmeg hickory tree is distinguished by its pinnately compound leaves, which can reach 14 (35 cm) in length. The leaflets have toothed margins and are divided into five to nine sections. The pecan (carya illinoinensis) is an herb. A pecan nut has a greenish-gold husk with an oblong shape that denotes an oblong shape.

When the nut is ripe, the larva pupates inside the hard shell of the nut. Adult weevils emerge from their eggs in the spring. The cycle continues as long as the tree is tapped and the nuts are harvested. In the United States, the most popular hickory nuts are shagbarks, but they can be difficult to find. These are also relatively simple to find; however, they are less popular than peanuts. The most common nut weevils are closely related and collectively referred to as “nut weevils.” During the middle of summer, nut weevils attack the nuts that are developing on the tree. The immature nuts contain the eggs of the female adult weevil. An egg is laid and feeds in a creamy white larva that lives inside the nut until the fall.

Are Hickory And Walnut In The Same Family?

There is some debate over whether hickory and walnut trees are in the same family. Some botanists believe that they are in the same family, while others believe that they are in different families.

For a walnut tree, the average cost is about $2,000, whereas the average cost for a hickory nut is around $1,000. Because walnuts are larger and have a higher demand from the food industry, the price difference is due to their size. Hickory nuts and carya fruits are also interchangeable terms.

Difference Between Walnut And Hickory Tree

The main difference between walnut and hickory trees is the type of fruit they produce. Walnut trees produce a round, hard-shelled nut, while hickory trees produce a long, thin nut. Both types of nuts are edible, but hickory nuts are generally considered to be more flavorful. Hickory trees are also taller than walnut trees and have shaggy, dark bark. Walnut trees have smooth, light-colored bark.

Can You Eat Hickory Nuts

Hickory nuts are edible, but they are very hard to crack open. Most people prefer to buy them already shelled. They have a very sweet, nutty flavor that is similar to a pecan.

Although some species of Hickory nuts taste better than others, they are quite tasty. The name bitternut hickory refers to a variety of native trees, including mockernut, pignut, shagbark, and bitternut. A heavy-duty nutcracker, vise, or hammer can be used to open the nuts individually. Despite the fact that hickories can be found everywhere on Staten Island, the majority of them are found in the wooded areas of Greenbelt and Arden Heights Woods. Hickory lumber can be used to make ax handles and baseball bats. It not only creates good firewood, but it also produces fragrant smoke. The hardwood of hickory trees is extremely difficult to cut. Aside from hickories, the walnuts are another native tree that produces nuts.

Michigan produces the largest and most popular Hickory Nut in the state. It can grow in all types of habitats, from dry sandstone ridges in the upper peninsula to moist forests in the lower peninsula. The nuts of the hickory woolly bear are a valuable resource for wildlife, as they are a major food source for birds, squirrels, and other small mammals. The hickory tree is hardy and can survive in a variety of environments. The nuts in the tree are valuable for wildlife, and their wood is used in furniture, tools, and other products.

Hickory Nuts: A Highly Nutritious And Tasty Food

Hickory nuts, in addition to being a high-protein and healthy food, are also a tasty treat. They are high in calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, and potassium, as well as protein, making them an excellent source of minerals. As one of the vitamins recommended for expectant mothers, they are high in folate (folic acid). Toast or lightly bake them for 10 minutes in a 200o F oven; nuts can be eaten directly from the shell (in small amounts), or they can be toasted or baked for a few minutes in a 200o F oven. The nuts can be ground into a raw food by simply picking them out of the shell. Furthermore, a traditional Native American dish (from which hickory derives its name) can be made by cooking the nut meat in water until it becomes a porridge.

Bitternut Hickory Nut

The bitternut hickory is a deciduous tree that is native to eastern North America. The tree grows to a height of 50-80 feet and has a trunk diameter of 1-2 feet. The leaves of the tree are alternately arranged and are pinnately compound with 5-9 leaflets. The leaflets are oblong in shape and have serrated margins. The tree produces small, yellow-green flowers that bloom in the spring. The fruit of the tree is a nut that is enclosed in a thin, green husk. The nut is brown in color and has a bitter taste. The bitternut hickory is an important source of food for wildlife, including squirrels, mice, and birds.

The magnesium content of hickory nuts is especially beneficial to those who suffer from osteoporosis. In a study published in the journal Nutrients, researchers investigated the effects of magnesium on the bone health of postmenopausal women. Women were divided into two groups: the first group received a magnesium-restricted diet, while the second group received a magnesium-rich diet. The researchers discovered that a magnesium-rich diet reduced bone density in the women after six months. Magnesium deficiency in the diet was unfavorable to bones. The benefits of eating chestnut nuts are also demonstrated by their beneficial effects on child development and growth. Children who ate hickory nuts had higher levels of nutrients such as calcium, according to a study published in the Journal of Nutr. Children who ate hickory nuts saw a greater increase in growth and development than children who did not. Furthermore, the study discovered that the magnesium found in hickory nuts was beneficial for the development and growth of the children. In order for a person’s bones to be healthy, it is critical that they have high levels of magnesium. Magnesium also regulates calcium levels in the body in addition to assisting the body in optimizing metabolism and improving enzymes. Because of its magnesium content, the hickory nut is extremely beneficial for people who are osteoporosis patients.

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