As a busy archery instructor with dozens of students, I’m always on the lookout for the best crossbow targets.

Over the years, I’ve bought dozens of targets and seen exactly how they perform on the range and in the field.

After testing everything from cheap targets that get chewed up after a few hundred bolts to premium targets that can withstand thousands of impacts, I know which targets are worth the money and which are best avoided.

To share everything I’ve learned, I decided to put together this list of what I think are the five best crossbow targets you can buy right now:

1. Morrell Double Duty 450 FPS Target – Best overall ($83.99)
2. Rinehart 18-1 Broadhead Target – Best for broadheads ($171.85)
3. Morrell Yellow Jacket Field Point Target – Best portable ($71.99)
4. Delta McKenzie Speedbag 20” Target – Best value ($44.97)
5. GlenDel Buck 3D Archery Target – Best 3D target for hunters. ($175.99)

Curious about why I rate these targets so highly?

Keep reading to the end to find out!

1: Morrell Double Duty 450 FPS Target (Best Overall)

In first place is the Morrell Double Duty 450 FPS Target.

The Double Duty is my go-to target whenever I’m coaching students or practicing my hunting skills and, in my opinion, is the overall best crossbow target on the market today.

Here’s a quick look at some of the key features that make the Double Duty my No 1 pick.

Extreme durability

According to Morrell, the Double Duty’s ‘floating center’, which is filled with burlap and stuffing, can withstand bolts traveling at up to 450 fps (feet per second) and is durable enough to withstand thousands of bolts.

For peace of mind, the Double Duty comes with a replacement cover, increasing its lifespan even longer.

Two-finger bolt removal

Morrell is famous for claiming that bolts shot into its targets can be removed with just two fingers. Even though the Double Duty is rated for the fastest bolts, it is claimed to offer the same two-finger bolt removal as other Morrell targets.

Multi-use cube design

The Double Duty is a free-standing cube that can be flipped onto different sides depending on whether you want to practice shooting traditional bullseyes, a dartboard, the billiards game nine-ball, or even deer vitals to brush up on your hunting skills.

Based on what I’ve read online, crossbow enthusiasts seem to absolutely love the Double Duty.

It is currently rated 4.7 out of 5 stars on Amazon based on 2,687 global ratings.

Take Choche, for instance, who says the Double Duty offers easy bolt removal and can withstand thousands of bolt impacts without any issues.

My Experience With The Double Duty

I’ve owned a Double Duty for a couple of years now, and it’s by far my favorite crossbow target and is a great addition to any of the crossbows on this list of the best crossbows.

• The Double Duty is incredibly tough and would definitely be my top recommendation for anyone with a super fast crossbow. One of my buddies shot my Double Duty with his TenPoint Nitro 505 Xero Crossbow, and it had no problem stopping the 505 fps bolt before the vanes.
• True to Morrell’s claims, you really can remove bolts from the Double Duty with just two fingers. In fact, this target has the easiest bolt removal of any crossbow target I’ve ever tested or owned.
• Having multiple sides to shoot at is a real plus, as I can go from shooting at traditional bullseyes to shooting at deer vitals simply by flipping the target. While shooting at the deer vitals side isn’t as immersive as shooting at a real 3D archery target, the Double Duty is far more durable and much better value.
• My only complaint is that while the exterior is waterproof, the sun can fade the material, so it can’t really be left outside all the time. Luckily it has sturdy carrying handles and stowing it away isn’t too much of a hassle.

Priced at just $84.99 on Amazon, the Double Duty is my pick for the best overall crossbow target and is a must-have if you plan on shooting high-speed crossbows.

Click here to read more about the Morrell Double Duty 450 FPS Target and get the best price on Amazon.

2: Rinehart 18-1 Broadhead Target (Best For Broadheads)

In second place on my list of the best crossbow targets is the Rinehart 18-1 Broadhead Target.

The 18-1 is an extremely tough and durable target designed to withstand broadheads. With a 12-month warranty, it’s my pick for the best crossbow target for broadheads.

Key features

• Extreme durability: According to Rinehart, the 18-1 is made from self-healing foam that can handle bolts traveling at more than 500 fps.
• Lightweight and portable: With an easy-carry handle, the Rinehart is designed with portability in mind and can easily be transported between the club, the woods, or even your backyard.
• High visibility: The 18-1’s target zones are highly visible, making shot identification very easy, even in low-light conditions.

There aren’t many broadhead-compatible crossbow targets to choose from, and the 18-1 seems extremely popular with customers.

Currently rated 4.6 out of 5 stars on Amazon based on 645 reviews, 80% of customers who purchased the 18-1 have rated it 5 stars.

Take Ben W, for instance, who claims to have shot over 3,000 bolts into his 18-1, making it the longest-lasting target he’s ever owned.

After putting in a warranty claim, he was really impressed that Rinehart sent him a replacement target.

My Experience With The 18-1

As an avid hunter, the 18-1 is my favorite target for testing new broadheads and getting my crossbow zeroed in before heading into the woods.

Here’s my honest review of how my 18-1 has performed:

• The 18-1 is extremely durable and has excellent self-healing, especially with mechanical broadheads. Twin-blade mechanicals cause the least damage, while fixed broadheads can tear the target up more.
• The target markings are highly visible at all times of the day. This makes it far quicker and easier to zero a crossbow, which comes in handy whenever I’m testing new broadheads.
• Although the 18-1 has a high price tag, Rinehart does honor the 12-month warranty and will send a replacement if the target lasts less than a year.

Priced at $129.99 on Amazon, the Rinehart is my pick for the best crossbow target for broadheads.

Click here to read more about the Rinehart 18-1 Broadhead Target and get the best price on Amazon.

3: Morrell Yellow Jacket Field Point Target (Best Portable)

In third place on my list of the best crossbow targets is the Morrell Yellow Jacket Field Point Target.

Yellow Jacket targets are almost as tough and durable as my first place pick, the Double Duty, but they are much more portable.

Here are some of the features that make these crossbow-approved bag targets some of the best crossbow targets you can buy right now.

• Long lifecycle: According to Morrell, the double-sided Yellow Jacket targets are highly weather resistant and stand up well to the elements. The material inside doesn’t degrade, and the targets are claimed to have a very long lifecycle. They also come with a replacement cover to extend the lifespan of the target when the original cover becomes too damaged.
• High durability: Capable of stopping bolts traveling at up to 425 fps, the Yellow Jacket is ideal for all but the most powerful crossbows and is extremely tough. Morrell claims that the Yellow Jacket can withstand thousands of bolt impacts without tearing up.
• Ease of use: Weighing just 32 pounds, the Yellow Jacket is highly portable and has grommets so it can be hung from target stands or trees. Morrell says that bolts can be removed with just two fingers, giving it great ease of use.

I’ve been happily using Yellow Jacket crossbow targets for years, but I wanted to see what others were saying about them online.

With a current rating of 4.7 out of 5 stars on Amazon, it’s safe to say that most customers seem to love Yellow Jacket targets.

Take Joshua, for example, who says his Yellow Jacket stops 125 gr. field points dead in its tracks and is extremely happy with its performance.

My Experience With The Yellow Jacket

I’ve purchased six Yellow Jackets over the years, and here are my thoughts:

• Yellow Jackets are one of the most weather-resistant target bags I’ve ever bought. My oldest target is more than five years old and still going strong. The replacement cover really helps get years of extra life from these targets.
• One of the best things about Yellow Jackets is how portable they are. You can hang them up, stand them against a tree, or position them at just about any angle. If I’m coaching a student at their home, I’ll throw a couple of Yellow Jackets in my truck’s bed, and off I go.
• The only downside about Yellow Jacket targets is that pulling bolts out can be a little tougher than other targets like the Double Duty.

Priced at just $78.75, Yellow Jacket field point targets are my top pick for the most portable crossbow targets. They are durable, easy to use, and give years of reliable use.

Click here to read more about the Morrell Yellow Jacket Field Point Target and get the best price on Amazon.

4: Delta McKenzie Speedbag 20” Target (Best Value)

In fourth place on my list of the best crossbow targets is the Delta McKenzie Speedbag 20” Target.

While I’m a huge fan of Morrell’s products, I realize that not everyone wants to spend $80 on a crossbow target. That’s why the Speedbag 20 is my fourth-place pick.

In my opinion, the Speedbag 20 is a great budget-priced crossbow target that holds up well to thousands of bolt impacts.

Here are a few of its features that make it my No 4 pick for the best crossbow target.

Key features

• Max FPS rated: Delta McKenzie says the Speedbag 20 is rated to handle the fastest-shooting crossbows.
• Multiple targets: The dual-sided Speedbag 20 has multiple aiming points, making it suitable for novice and experienced shooters alike.
• Weather resistant: The Speedbag 20 is highly weather resistant and offers great outdoor durability.

I own a couple of Speedbag 20s and know firsthand how great they are. From what I’ve read online, customers seem to love them too.

Currently rated 4.5 out of 5 stars on Amazon based on 34 global ratings, the Speedbag 20 seems to be extremely popular with other crossbow owners.

Bretty says the Speedbag 20 is a solid crossbow target that has stopped every bolt he’s tried. He recommends the target for anyone looking for a budget-friendly target with great stopping power.

My Experience with the Speedbag 20

After shooting thousands of bolts at my Speedbag 20s over the years, here’s my honest assessment of how they perform:

• Delta McKenzie’s claim about the Speedbag 20s being ‘Max FPS’ rated is definitely justified. It has absolutely no trouble stopping 400+ fps bolts from any crossbow and comfortably stops 450 fps bolts from my Ravin R29X Predator.
• I love how portable the Speedbag 20s are and often use them when I’m coaching a client at their home.
• My only complaint about the Speedbags is they aren’t as weather resistant as the Yellow Jackets, so I don’t recommend leaving them outside.

Overall, the Speedbag 20 is an excellent budget-priced crossbow target that holds up well and should provide years of happy use.

Click here to learn more about the Delta McKenzie Speedbag 20” Target and get the best price on Amazon.

5: GlenDel Buck 3D Archery Target (Best 3D Target For Hunters)

In fifth place on my list of the best crossbow targets is the GlenDel Buck 3D Archery Target with Replaceable Insert Core.

I love 3D archery and have tested a number of 3D targets over the years. In my opinion, GlenDel makes the best one, and it’s my top pick for the best 3D archery target for crossbow hunters.

Here’s why I rate the GlenDel so highly.

Key Features

• Realistic hunting practice:GlenDel’s 3D deer target is approximately the same size as a 200lb buck, making it extremely realistic for target practice. Standing 34” at shoulder height, it’s great for honing your skills as you prepare to drop a monster buck.
• Long target life: Made in the U.S.A. using PolyFusion Technology, GlenDel claims that its target can withstand thousands of bolt impacts. The replaceable four-sided insert core can easily be replaced when they reach the end of its lifespan.
• High maneuverability: The head and antlers are fully removable, making the target much easier to transport and position in the field.

I’ve had a GlenDel 3D deer target as part of my range for more than two years and am extremely happy. Looking online, it seems most other owners are similarly impressed.

The target is rated 4.4 out of 5 on Amazon based on 1,609 global ratings, and 71% of reviewers gave it the top score.

Marcus says his 3D target is impressively sturdy and has held up well after 100 arrows. He says the arrows are easy to pull out and recommends this target to anyone looking for a realistic hunting target.

Flies and Roadrunner jigs were my most productive lures during my early years of crappie fishing. However, my selection of crappie lures has increased throughout the years as lure manufacturers continued to offer a variety of soft plastic baits for panfish. Some of the hottest soft plastic styles of crappie lures available today are double-tail grubs, minnow or shad imitators, twitch baits, and grubs.

Here’s a look at five Karl’s Amazing Baits for crappie and how you can use these lures to catch big slabs.

Martian

This is my favorite style of soft plastic baits for catching crappie in the winter when the fish are sluggish. Attached to a 1/16-ounce jighead, this lure can be fished ultra-slow because it doesn’t require much movement to make the thin twin tails quiver. I like to fish it vertically over deep brush piles and just let the movement of my boat create enough action on the lure to trigger bites from inactive crappie. The lure’s ribbed body is also ideal for holding scent gel in its ribs.

Mini Minnow

This is the soft plastic style I rely on for most of my crappie fishing tactics. The lure’s fluke-like design perfectly imitates the body of a minnow or young shad and its thin tail creates a subtle darting action similar to a fleeing baitfish. I can fish this lure vertically or horizontally for crappie suspended over brush piles and I frequently fish it 1 to 2 feet under a bobber to catch spawning crappie in the shallows. The lure’s subtle action and small profile make it ideal for tricking wary crappie in clear water.

Lil Twitchy

This miniature jerkbait features a classic minnow profile big crappie find irresistible. The lure’s single slender tail delivers a tantalizing quiver and shake with a twitch of the rod. I like to throw this lure on windy days when crappie are chasing shad along wind-blown rocky banks. It is also a good choice for fishing under a bobber with a twitch-and-pause retrieve.

Dub Grub

I rely on this grub for targeting aggressive crappie in dirty water. A heavier jighead such as a 1/8-ounce model will cause the lure to fall faster and generate the optimum action from its twin tails. I either cast this lure to brush piles and swim it over the cover or I pitch it into the brush and let it fall straight down to trigger strikes from crappie holding tight to the cover.

Paddle Grub

The kicking action of this 2-inch swimbait makes it the perfect choice for catching big crappie at various depths. When crappie are suspended high in the water column, I combine the swimbait with a 1/16-ounce darter jighead so the lure will fall slower and swim longer in the fish’s strike zone. I switch to a 1/8-ounce darter jighead for swimming the lure deeper in the water column. The paddletail provides plenty of kick so you can retrieve this lure at a slow, steady pace to trigger strikes from slab crappie.

Feature image credit: David Yang

In the field, most windows of opportunity are narrow.

So acting swiftly must be your default position as a hunter.

That goes for shot placement as well.

You’ll learn that through a review of:

• 11 scenarios
• 18 diagrams
• 9 rules

Mastery and success rely on understanding several other concepts and topics.

Like optimal bullet choice, advanced shot types, shot placement anatomy, reaction to shot, and more.

I will cover these topics in related articles.

And link to them as we go along or at the end.

Before we get to the details, let me first explain what successful shot placement has in common with Boot Camp.

Where I’m from, we have national service.

I have fond memories of when I first got a chance to shoot my G3.

It’s not an elegant battle rifle by today’s standards. But I loved it. It was rugged, reliable, and relatively accurate. And a ton of fun at night with a Pilkington on top.

Anyway, I digress.

Your success as a hunter depends on two principles – Thinking faster than the animal and Acting faster than the animal.

There were aspects of Boot Camp I was less excited about.

Aircraft recognition training.

We had to be able to make a quick friend or foe identifications. When spotting aircraft.

And we practiced with aircraft flashcards.

This was not exactly my favorite or strong side. But it provides an important lesson when it comes to shot placement.

Success in the field depends on your ability to shoot fast and accurately.

More often than not, animals don’t hang around for long.

If you’re hunting in woodland or bush, the vegetation will further limit your opportunities to shoot.

So you must be able to quickly acquire the correct sight picture.

The flashcard concept is a fantastic way to develop that skill.

Why.

Your working memory can only manage about four concepts at once.

More, and you start dropping the ball.

Of all the things you can process in your working memory when hunting, deciding where to aim is not a good candidate. That has to be intuitive.

Enter the flashcards.

If you’re anything like me, you want to harvest venison for your freezer. Put a trophy on your wall. And live up to your role as a hunter and steward of nature.

Correct and swift shot placement is key to ticking those boxes.

You’ll learn fast target acquisition in two sections.

1. What type of shot should you use?
2. Where should you aim in different scenarios?

If you’re in a hurry, you can skip to the end for a summary of the rules.

Or to one of the specific scenarios:

• The broadside shot
• The front quartering shot
• The rear quartering shot
• The front shot
• The shot from behind
• Uphill/downhill
  • Downhill broadside
  • Uphill broadside
• Combined angles
  • Front quartering downhill
  • Front quartering uphill
  • Rear quartering downhill
  • Rear quartering uphill

There are several ways to kill a deer or other hoofed animal. One of them stands out as being fast and reliable.

The double lung shot has the biggest margin of error.

And it produces reliable killing.

A heart shot may sound alluring, but it’s not ideal.

It sits low in the body, and shooting under the heart means trouble.

Surprisingly, a bullet through the heart alone can take a long time to take effect.

Other advanced shots present additional challenges. So we’ll leave them for now.

Putting a bullet through both lungs will do one of two things, or both:

• Create severe blood loss that causes fatal shock
• Collapse the lungs and cut off oxygen to the brain and other cells in the body

And this is a surefire way to kill a deer.

This leads us to rule number one.

Shot placement rule #1: Use the double lung shot for fast and reliable killing.

As per the diagram, you’ll see the lungs reach back into the chest cavity of the animal.

But ignore that when it comes to developing fast target acquisition practices.

Instead, consider the vital triangle.

Kevin Robertson introduces it in his book, “The Perfect Shot – Shot Placement for African Big Game” (highly recommended).

It is also good reference for deer and other hoofed animals.

And the center of the triangle corresponds with the center of the lungs.

As well as the top of the heart where you find the arteries and veins meet.

Determine the triangle with these three references:

1. The bottom edge of the shoulder blade
2. The shoulder joint
3. The tip of the elbow

Sometimes you can see the contour of the bones.

But it’s best to have a more reliable way to aim.

I’ll show you how when we analyze the broadside shot.

The broadside shot

The broadside shot is the shortest and most forgiving path through the lungs.

In the ideal scenario we’ll review here, you are at a 90-degree angle to the animal.

And at the same level.

We’ve established that the center of the vital triangle is the best aiming point for speed and effectiveness. But where exactly should you put your crosshairs?

To determine how far you should come up, follow rule two.

Shot placement rule #2 – For horizontal shots, place your horizontal post between ⅓ and ½ up the deer’s body.

As you can see, that corresponds with the center of the triangle.

Where should you put your vertical post then? Easy, follow rule three

Shot placement rule #3 – For broadside shots, place your vertical post on the center of the front leg.

As you can see from the image, by the center, I mean the center of the top part of the leg.

Because the lower part of the leg may reach further forward on a deer, depending on how it stands.

So, your sight picture should look like this for a full broadside shot.

This is the foundational way to shoot an animal.

I won’t go into advanced shots in this article, but it’s worth mentioning one other popular shot.

With the high-heart/center-lung shot, you hit good shoulder meat that will potentially be bloodshot and wasted.

To avoid that, you can move your sight picture to the right. So your vertical post rests on the elbow point, just in the crease between the leg and the belly.

This shot will destroy the lungs, but you must be careful not to come too far back.

A rear lung shot may also be worth considering if you’re shooting a large animal at long range, using a high BC bullet that is fast expanding. With this shot you won’t there is further to the shoulder bones and you will shoot through less muscle.

Generally speaking, the broadside shot is easy on your bullet.

Once we move to the quartering shots, you need to consider if your bullet is fit for purpose.

Let’s see why.

The front quartering shot

Remember the bone structure triangle from the broadside shot?

It was our friend then, creating a relatively free passage for a double lung shot.

If you take a shot at a quartering animal, you need to think about the bullet’s path as it travels through the animal.

I once shot a female red deer with my 7 by 64 (similar to a 280 Remington).

I used a tipped bullet designed for deer.

I thought I was home free as the deer went down from the shot.

As the guide congratulated me on a job well done, the deer started moving and got up on all four.

Fortunately, I’d reloaded immediately after the shot, so I was ready to shoot again.

And I anchored the deer for good.

When butchering the deer, we found the first bullet perfectly lodged in the shoulder knuckle. It wasn’t a big deer. I used a bullet made for that size of animal. And it left the barrel of my rifle at a reasonable velocity.

This is just one data point, but it emphasizes that a front quartering shot means you must carefully consider your bullet choice.

And it’s not just bone structure you need to consider.

At this angle, you’ll shoot through a fair bit of muscle. Especially on a larger animal.

Please ensure the bullet you use can penetrate all the way to and through the vitals if you decide to take a front quartering shot. Regardless of what distance you choose to shoot.

Enough said.

When you do decide to take a shot, where should you aim?

You want to put your bullet through both lungs.

For a 45-degree broadside shot, that path looks like this.

We’ve established you should come up somewhere between 1/3 and 1/2 way up from the animal’s chest.

The exact aiming point depends on how much the animal is quartering.

Here’s a key point to consider.

The heart is offset slightly from the very front of the animal you aim at. So you don’t want to put your vertical post midway between the legs.

Instead, use rule number four.

Shot placement rule #4 – For a 45° front quartering shot, place your vertical post inside the near leg.

That’s your flash card image.

Memorize it. Be ready for action 🙂

Quick question.

Inside the upper leg or lower leg?

Generally speaking, inside the upper part, but it depends on the angle.

And speaking of angles, you must also follow rule number five.

Shot placement rule #5 – Don’t take shots more than 45 degrees off a square broadside.

I’ll explain why when discussing the front and rear quartering shots.

This brings us to the next shot scenario.

The rear quartering shot

With the rear quartering shot, you don’t have the shoulder bone to worry about.

But depending on the angle, you might penetrate the rumen.

I’ll create a separate article with more detail about key organs and shot placement.

All I’ll say here is that the rumen is full of undigested grass.

And it’s a tall order to shoot through.

Shooting through it will also introduce stomach content and bacteria in the body cavity.

That’s something you should try to avoid.

Here’s a diagram showing a 45-degree angle.

It looks like you’re home free.

But in the field, the stomach will most likely be fuller.

And it sits flush with the sides of the animal.

The liver takes up space between the stomach and lungs on the right-hand side, so you might hit it.

On the left-hand side, the stomach takes up all the space. So you’re more likely to hit it when taking on that side.

Combine that with a steeper angle, and you see it’s easy to get in trouble. Just follow rule number five. No shots beyond 45 degrees from a perfect broadside.

I want you to recognize this situation as a potential issue.

Some of the highly frangible bullets that are fantastic for broadside shots at extended ranges will give you trouble if you have to shoot through the rumen.

Bear that in mind.

There is no perfect choice of cartridge and bullet for long and short-range shooting.

Make a choice and be clear on the limitations you have to work with.

With that covered, where should you aim?

Height-wise, you should still refer to rule number two.

Where should you put your vertical post?

Consider rule number six.

Shot placement rule #6 – For a 45° rear quartering shot, place your vertical post inside the far leg.

As discussed, the heart is offset from the front.

So you do the opposite than for a front quartering shot.

That’s your rear quarter flash card.

Look at it before you go to bed at night.

Be ready… 🙂

The front shot

So if there are challenges with the quartering shots, the front shot, straight on, should be easy, right?

I wish.

Your margin of error for significant tissue destruction becomes a lot smaller.

Consider the broadside shot.

You still penetrate both lungs even if you’re a little off your target.

And “both” is the keyword here.

Even if you’re a fair bit off your aiming point.

With a front shot, the further your impact moves from the center of the heart, the less tissue you will destroy.

And veering off, you will only be able to destroy one lung.

Which makes a big difference.

I once tracked an Oryx in South Africa.

Because of a high lung shot that hadn’t done enough damage.

It went down from the shock and then took off.

It took us seven hours to catch up and put it out of it’s misery. More about shock in another article by the way.

Animals can run far if the damage to their lungs isn’t substantial.

There’s no need for you to engineer that kind of situation for yourself.

Here’s an illustration showing how little you have to work with.

It’s the reason the 45-degree rule applies to front quartering shots.

If you go beyond 45 degrees, you start to approach a front shot.

And I recommend that you don’t take this shot unless you have wounded the animal.

By the way, you will notice that it won’t take much head movement before you have a show-stopping object in the bullet path.

And a wounded animal to deal with.

A shot from behind

What about the opposite end?

Shooting the animal up the rear, what some folks refer to as a Texas heart shot.

By the way, I don’t think that’s fair to the good folks and serious hunters in Texas.

But let’s leave that discussion for now.

Here’s the problem with this shot.

You combine the challenges of the rear quartering shot and the front shot.

A limited target area and a great deal of show-stopping plant material.

In my book, you should only use this shot in an emergency.

If you have already wounded an animal. And you need deep penetrating bullets to have any chance of success.

Let me just pause and add one thing.

It may sound like I’ve been preaching stout bullets.

But I haven’t.

What I’m preaching is the right tool for the job.

I will write an article with more detail on cartridge choice and bullet construction.

For now, I will add that in some cases, you want a bullet that expands fast.

You don’t have much distance to work with when you shoot small deer species. So you want a bullet that opens up fast enough to destroy lung and heart tissue before it exits the animal.

And you need the same if you shoot at long ranges.

Shooting uphill and downhill

Maybe you’re hunting from a tree stand.

Or perhaps you’re fortunate enough to hunt in a mountainous or hilly area. Which, by the way, is my favorite environment to hunt.

In that case, you must consider the changes to the aiming point uphill and downhill shooting presents.

Whether you’re shooting up or down, you must consider this.

You are not aiming where you want to hit.

Your goal is to put a bullet straight through the middle of the lungs, as we discussed.

However, your aiming point is some distance from your target, so you must adjust it to ensure the correct bullet path.

It’s worth noting that this is relevant as the shot angle becomes steeper.

Enter rule number seven.

Shot placement rule #7 – Adjust for uphill or downhill shots when the angle exceeds 20 degrees.

So how should you adjust?

Follow rules number eight and nine.

Shot placement rule #8 – If you’re shooting downhill, your aiming point must come up.

Shot placement rule #9 – If you’re shooting uphill, your aiming point must come down.

A little like adjusting open sights back in the day.

Ballistic side note: When shooting uphill or downhill at longer ranges, gravity will have less impact on your bullet. You must combine this effect with the changes to your aiming point.

Downhill broadside

Using the center of the vital triangle, inside the body, as our target, you can see from the diagram that your aiming point changes drastically for steeper angles.

Here’s your flashcard.

Shooting from above, you’ll get much closer to the shoulder blade.

With a bow or light for animal cartridge with a fast expanding bullet, you have to be careful about what you do.

Because your margin of error is getting smaller at that angle.

Uphill broadside

Shooting uphill, you can see how you have to aim further down the body than a regular broadside shot.

This is a relatively acute angle for shooting uphill, and I’ve chosen it to exaggerate and show you the difference.

Consider the 20 degrees as the point when you need to adjust.

And use this diagram as your flash card.

Combined angles

Let’s have some fun.

Let’s combine the quartering shots with the up and downhill shots.

No new rules.

The current ones still apply.

Front quartering downhill

For the front quartering and above version, you will still have to consider the bone structure.

More the shoulder blade than the shoulder knuckle.

Depending on the deer’s size, the quartering shot warnings still apply.

And if you’re a bowhunter, you need to consider if the shoulder bone or blade can deflect or stop your arrow.

Front quartering uphill

As with regular up and downhill shots, visualize the center of the vital triangle inside the body. Offset a bit between the front legs.

Here’s your flashcard.

Rear quartering downhill

This is a typical tree stand shot.

The animal is walking away from you and is less likely to spot any movements.

Rule number five still applies.

More than 45 degrees, and you get in trouble.

By the way, notice how your crosshairs are much closer to the spine. But if you should shoot close to it, you’ll still penetrate both lungs.

Hunting lots from treestands?

Then tattoo this flashcard on the inside of your left eyelid…

Rear quartering uphill

Granted, this is an unusual shot unless you encounter an animal on a ledge on a hill above you.

I once stalked a group of red deer along the base of a ridge line.

They’d moved up the ridge as I turned a corner, and I had a safe and clear uphill shot like this.

I was on flat ground, and the deer left before I could get to a knoll to take an uphill shot.

Now you know where to aim.

Don’t come back with silly excuses like mine.

Bring back a monster rack!

Wow.

Did you ever imagine you could have so much fun with deer shot placement diagrams?

Well, now you know.

Here’s a serious note.

Remember the duty we have as hunters to be effective.

We owe it to those magnificent deer we admire, hunt, harvest, and care for.

Practice your craft as a hunter.

Invest in understanding the behaviors and anatomy of the deer.

And know the capability and limitations of yourself and your equipment.

Memorize the scenarios and shot placement diagrams.

And use the nine rules to help you along the way.

As a reminder, here are the rules.

1. Use the double lung shot for fast and reliable killing.
2. For horizontal shots, place your horizontal post between ⅓ and ½ up the deer’s body.
3. For broadside shots, place your vertical post on the center of the front leg.
4. For a 45° front quartering shot, place your vertical post inside the near leg.
5. Don’t take shots more than 45 degrees off a square broadside.
6. For a 45° rear quartering shot, place your vertical post inside the far leg.
7. Adjust for uphill or downhill shots when the angle exceeds 20 degrees.
8. If you’re shooting downhill, your aiming point must come up.
9. If you’re shooting uphill, your aiming point must come down.

By the way, I have a bonus for you. We’ve added the diagrams to the Efficient Hunting e-book.

Click here to go to the download page.

Indeed, wildlife in Alaska is larger and more plentiful. But the size of the Moose is out of this world.

Actually, It’s a medieval creature. Most people on earth are unfamiliar with Moose, yet they are an everyday occurrence for some.

More than 500 traffic accidents involving Moose occur annually in northern New England.

The physical damages endured by car passengers are significantly more catastrophic and likely to end in fatalities due to the animal’s height and weight.

When a car slams into a moose, the animal’s long legs are crushed, causing the animal’s body to smash against the windshield and roof.

This significant problem has been noted in Canada and Scandinavia, affecting humans and animals.

You may wonder how high and huge an average moose is, which makes it so deadly in traffic accidents.

But if you are mindful of its height and bulk, you will almost certainly avoid a face-to-face encounter when driving north or camping in the woods.

These wild animals evolve and develop throughout their lives. The body mass does not accumulate until males are nine years old and females are four years old.

Let us read along and dive straight into the moose size comparison!

Introducing Moose and its subspecies

The term moose is prevalent in North America and was inspired by the Algonquian word “moosh,” which means “stripper and eater of bark” in the Innu language of Quebec, Canada.

These species of deer are the largest among deer species. There are 8 subspecies of moose, with Alces alces gigas, American moose being the biggest.

The classification includes European moose and Siberian, East Siberian, and West Siberian moose. Other species of these wild animals are often classified as North American or Canadian moose.

The male and female moose are referred to as bull and cow moose, respectively. The moose cows are comparatively smaller than bulls.

The moose prefer aquatic vegetation and wetlands for their food source and dwelling.

These excellent swimmers were almost extinct in Sweden back in the 19th century. But after expanding throughout Europe, North America, and Canada in the 20th century, they restored their population.

Size And Appearance of Moose

As per the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Moose is the largest representative of the deer family. They are also North America’s tallest mammals.

Their height varies from 5 to 6.5 feet from hoof to shoulder. Males measure 794 to 1,323 pounds, while females weigh 595 to 882 pounds.

However, there is more divergence in the spectra than these binary numbers; a healthy Moose may range from 300 pounds to 1800 pounds!

Moose have tiny tails, a hump on their shoulders, and huge ears that can twist, allowing them to hear in stereophonic mode.

Their hair is typically dark or black, offering valuable insulation against the cold. Male Moose, known as bulls, have enormous antlers.

These can reach a width of 6 feet (1.8 m) from tip to tip. Antlers are solely used to fight for a mate and are shed each winter following the mating season.

Moose Size Comparison

Although all Moose are huge, there are geographical variances in size. Varying species sizes are determined by their habitat and genetic compositions.

Moose is, believe it or not, a pretty enormous deer, and North America has four species of these giants.

Moose species size comparison

The moose species can have variable size differences based on their genetic structure interline.

1. Alaskan Moose

This giant Moose is the biggest of the four moose subspecies and inhabit Alaska. Male Alaskan Moose may grow 6 feet 9 inches tall at the shoulder.

To put that in context, most NBA basketball players could effortlessly glide beneath a standing moose.

Alaska-Yukon Moose may weigh up to 1400 pounds. Their antlers are also a little under 6 feet wide.

2. Northwestern Moose

These moose are spotted around the North of the United States, such as North Dakota and central Canada. They reach a height of 6 feet 4 inches and weigh up to 1590 pounds.

3. Shiras Moose

The residential moose of the United States from Utah to Idaho can also be spotted in British Columbia. They are the tiniest moose subspecies.

Shiras stand 36-55 inches tall from hoof to shoulder. They may also weigh up to 1200 lbs.

4. Eastern Moose

Eastern Canada and the northeastern United States are home to Maine’s own Eastern Moose.

It is the third most populous moose subspecies, after Alaskan and Western Moose. These moose can be spotted in Seney National Wildlife Park and Tahquamenon Falls State park in the upper peninsula region.

They may reach a height of 6 feet 6 inches at the shoulder. Their weight may exceed 1400 lbs.

Moose Size Comparison to a Human

Adult bulls are substantially taller than even the world’s tallest humans!

A moose may stand up to 6.5 feet tall at the shoulder, while an adult male human stands at 5 foot 7.5 inches on average.

At the shoulder, the Alaskan Moose stands more than 7 feet higher. When the head and antlers are added, the overall height exceeds 10 feet. Even the tallest person cannot face a Moose with their head lifted.

Moose Size Comparison to a Horse

Let us contrast a Moose with a horse!

A Moose’s typical shoulder height ranges from 5 to 6.5 feet, while a horse’s average shoulder height is from 2.5 to 5.8 feet.

A full-grown Moose may weigh up to 1,800 pounds, whereas a horse can weigh between 120 and 2,200 pounds.

A Moose is thus larger than a horse in terms of size. In terms of mass, a horse is heavier than a moose.

Moose Size Comparison to a Truck

When matched to a Nissan Titan, the Moose’s and vehicle’s heights are now roughly equal.

Because most Titans are roughly 6.5 feet tall, the top of the truck would likely be slightly higher than the Moose’s shoulders.

If the Moose is huge, it should be taller than a truck!

Moose vs. Elk: Confusion solved!

The most classic mistake shooters make in Colorado is mixing Moose with elk. Moose have a lot darker fur than elk and lack the lighter abdomen of elk.

A moose’s snout is also considerably bigger and more spherical or round than an elk’s sharp nose.

The antlers of Moose and elk develop in quite distinct ways. A moose’s antlers expand to the side of its head, but an elk’s antlers grow rearward over its body.

Elk antlers have a primary shaft with long points sprouting off it, but moose antlers develop in a shovel-like form with many spikes sprouting off the thick, shovel-shaped part.

Finally, moose develop a fluttering strip of skin beneath their necks known as a dewlap or bell. This characteristic is specific to Moose and not found in elk.

Fun Facts about Moose

• Moose can move each ear and eye independently.
• During the rut, bull moose emits various noises, including a loud bellow, croaks, and barking when collecting their young female moose utter protracted quavering groans that conclude in cough-like moo and a grunt.
• Moose stomachs can hold up to 100 pounds of food.
• Every wintertime, moose lose their paddles and develop new ones the following spring. Antler development is determined by testosterone levels and the duration of the day. Antlers can also be used to determine age.
• “Harem herd” is the term given for a herd of female moose chosen by dominant male moose during mating season in Alaska. The remaining males will compete with the herd’s alpha for the privilege of mating with the females.
• The hollow structure of moose hair aids in protecting the animal from the cold.
• The front legs of a moose are longer than the rear legs. This makes it easier for the Moose to jump over obstacles along its route.
• The famous Canadian city Moose Jaw is often believed to be named after moose, but that is not the case. The city is named after the Cree language, which means A warm place by the river.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, Moose are gigantic, and yes, they do kill humans on occasion. Overall, moose are enigmatic animals that balance and beautify the world’s ecology.

So do you want to go to the Northern part of the world to witness this marvelous creation?

If you want to know about animals’ expertise in standing sleep or the giant Chordata that can sore in the sky, go through the respective hyperlink.

(Last Updated on August 28, 2022 by Sadrish Dabadi)

Fly fishing in the winter can be challenging but, also, highly rewarding. Most people do not venture outside their homes so winter fly fishing keeps the crowds away, and often times you’ll have the water all to yourself.

Generally speaking, trout are a smidge sluggish in the winter as they become less active in, literally, wader freezing temperatures. In certain small streams, we don’t recommend that you fly fish in the winter because it only adds further stress to fish that have not recovered from the summer and spawning season. However, if you know that the stream holds a high abundance of food sources then go for it!

Streams fed by springs and reserviors usually means a constant and stable water temperature that provides a healthy environment for large insect populations.

Table Of Contents

• Winter Strategies & Tips
• Midge Flies
• Egg Flies
• Blue-Winged Olive Flies
• Aquatic Worms
• Scuds & Sowbugs
• Streamer Flies
• How to use weight in the winter to catch more fish.

If you were to fly fish during the winter, here are our top 15 winter trout flies followed by our best tips and advice:

Midge Flies

When growing up, trout are always reminded by their cannibalistic parents to “eat your midges because they will make you big and strong.” Midges are, basically, the most important source of food for trout. In fact, midges are the bulk of a trout’s diet November thru February. Midges are a major food source year-round for trout.

They hatch in freezing temperatures and hatch by the thousands. Basically cockroaches. When aquatic insects are less inactive in the winter, opportunistic trout key in on drifting midge larvae. Because midges mature and develop year-round, trout depend on them for easy pick’ins.

Here are just a few of our favorite midge flies we recommend fly fishing for trout in the winter.

Griffith’s Gnat

Typically, you’ll find swarms of these guys over slack water. Be sure to use a light tippet and target the slow-moving water following a pool.

Tungsten Rainbow Warrior Midge

One of the most successful searching fly patterns for trout, the Tungsten Rainbow Warrior Midge fly pattern combines a tungsten bead with a bit of flash to produce spectacular results.

Zebra Midge

Zebra Midge flies have been around for decades and for good reason — they catch fish. We love incorporating the Zebra Midge within our nymphing rigs as the first nymph followed by a heavier tungsten beaded fly. Midge larva can be found in nearly every level of the water column at all times so we make sure to keep a good variety of this pattern in our boxes. Across the board, it is a reliable trout fly in streams, rivers, and stillwater.

JuJu Baetis Flashback

Technically, this is considered a mayfly nymph pattern but it easily doubles as a perfect midge imitation. This lightweight midge larva pattern is another wet fly we recommend for our nymphing rigs. While you can fish this fly near the bottom with great success, it is best fished near the surface in slack water. On some days, you may be able to visibility see trout feeding close to the surface and sipping adult midges on the top. A great tactic would be to drop the JuJu Bee off the back of a dry fly pattern and cast to trout feeding both off the top and just below the surface.

Use A Two-Fly Nymph Rig

The Two-Fly Nymph Rig is an important technique that not only helps present subsurface flies better but also improves your chances. Well, sure, with an extra fly in the water you have a higher probability of catching a trout, but let’s not make this into a numbers game. Trout don’t know numbers. It comes down to the presentation of each individual fly. Trout will only move a few inches to eat an insect so you have to make sure that your fly is presented within those few inches.

With the Two-Fly Nymph Rig, both flies work together to get down into those narrow feeding lanes. The heavier larva/nymph pattern pulling the lighter emerger/pupa down.

Eggs Flies

October thru December, brown and brook trout spawn. During this time, opportunistic trout will lie downstream of the reproductive activity for drifting egg clusters. CAUTION: Please do not target trout on a redd. Redd is the spawning bed and is characterized by turned over gravel (usually bright). Please leave these trout alone so we can expect future generations as they are making more trout.

Great Searching Patterns:

Beaded Egg Fly

This fly is extremely effective during the spawning season in heavily stocked streams. Fish this fly downstream of the spawning area to awaiting trout. Although, during an abundant midge or baetis hatch, these will often be ignored.

Beadhead Veiled Cabalerro

The two-toned body with a thin outer “shell” will blend together perfectly in the water to make a realistic offering that trout will find irresistible.

Baetis (Blue Winged Olive)

Baetis (BWO) nymphs are one of the most common nymphs across the United States. During the winter months, you may find BWO’s hatching during a few days of warmer temperatures.

BWO Foam Para Emerger

Foam emergers are great for selective trout, which is great for the winter because most of the activity is found in slower, slack water. These look great with the tapered segmented body and have an amazing profile from nearly every angle. Foam para emergers also sit low in the surface-film, just like the naturals. We love using these blue-winged olive flies in the winter in particularly small sizes and often adding more than one dry fly — a multi-dry fly rig.

Dirty Hipster

This barbless euro nymph is scattered across our entire site and recommended everywhere, and that is for good reason. It catches fish. In this particular case, the olive variation in small sizes is a fantastic blue-winged olive nymph pattern. You can use this however you like but, for us, we like to fish this under a small indicator with smaller midge nymphs tied in above it.

Beaded Soft Hackled Hare’s Ear

This is a variation of the classic Hare’s Ear nymph pattern you commonly know. Tied as a soft hackle, the Partridge Hare’s Ear fly pulsates and moves just like how emerging nymphs wiggle and squirm on their way up to the surface. On the other hand, you can also add a non-beaded version of the Hare’s Ear Soft Hackle into the top of your nymphing rigs or off the back of a dry fly.

WD40 Emerger

WD40 flies are fantastic un-weighted patterns that we fish anywhere in our nymphing rig. You can add it to the top, off a dry fly, or trailing off a heavier nymph, but as long as you have it in the water it works wonders.

Aquatic Worms

Aquatic worms are totally natural and are a select part of a trout’s diet. They are found in sediment on the stream bed and are constant year-round. We prefer the Squirmy Wormy over the San Juan Worm because its flexible body provides more motion. They may not be as durable, but when winter fly fishing gets tough, you call in the big guns. When scouting for trout we use flashy patterns like this to see if fish respond. Once trout become more selective, we switch to more natural-looking patterns like the Pheasant Tail.

Improved Squirmy Wormy

Squirmy Wormy flies are great — they wiggle and squirm like no other worm fly and catch fish like crazy — but the durability of the material they are made from is their downfall. They will degrade even when taking good care of them or even leaving them in mild heat. Trust me, we’ve recycled hundreds of dozens of these patterns before they ever hit the shelves. After speaking with a few fly designers on material options, we’ve made squirmy wormy flies that last longer by using micro chenille on the body rather than the soft plastic worm material.

Firebead Sparkle Worm

A heavy worm pattern we like to use in deep water for big browns and rainbows. The added flash and sparkle creates a wonderful contrast that sparks interest. Sometimes all it takes is a bright fly.

Scuds & Sow Bugs

Trout can be found eating scuds and sow bugs year-round. In streams with plentiful underwater vegetation these shrimp’y thingies usually take up most of the food pyramid (sorry carbohydrates). During winter months, trout heavily depend on scuds to make it through the winter. We tend to find that the most natural colors perform better in the winter: olives, browns, blacks, grays.

Beaded Scud

There are so many scud patterns out there to choose from but this simple design is incredibly effective. It features a streak of flash on the back and copper ribbing for added durability. The presentation of this scud pattern is enough to fool hardy winter trout holding deep. Just get this fly down rolling near the bottom.

Streamers & Baitfish

Trout are known not to chase during the winter. They try to exert as little energy as possible and still get what they need. That being said, you should refrain from stripping and, instead, dead-drift or swing your fly. Think like a baitfish, be the baitfish. Give slight twitches to the line so that it adds a little movement to your streamer. Most trout will not pass up streamers either due to hunger or territorial instincts if presented correctly. Tip: Cast above the pool and allow your line to swing down and across so it looks like your fly is trying to evade being lunch. Following the swing, let your line straighten out and troll your fly for a bit; this pause in motion will give impulsive trout a chance to take the fly.

Beaded Woolly Bugger

Out of all the streamers available on the market, it is hard to beat the classic Bead-head Woolly Bugger. Typically, we like to fish a darker woolly bugger in black or olive in a smaller size by striping and swinging it through deep pools we know trout hold.

Euro Tungsten Jig Bugger

This super buggy jig pattern not only has the pulsating movement from the marabou tail but also the wiggling tags of rubber legs. Masterfully designed, the combinations that make up the Tungsten Jig Bugger makes this one of our favorite winter patterns and flies for our euro nymphing rigs. You can swing, strip, or dead-drift it anywhere.

Winter Fly Fishing & Strategies

• Target a specific fish out of a pod rather than fishing blind.
• Focus your fishing to actively feeding trout found along the edges, seams, and runs of slower deep pools.
• The majority of trout will be concentrated in just a few pools. Find those pools.
• Focus on fishing from around 10:00 am to about 3:00 pm. This is when trout become most active during the day.
• Best fishing occurs when water temperatures are around 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Test flies and don’t be afraid to switch patterns frequently.
• Dead-drift streamers as baitfish are more inactive.

Nymphs Are More Productive

First things first, winter is not the time of year to adopt the “Dry Fly or Die” mantra. Now, there is no doubt that dry flies are arguably the most fun way to catch fish, there isn’t an angler out there who doesn’t get an adrenaline rush after watching a trout rise to the surface and aggressive slurp your fly. However, there is a time and a place for all types of fly fishing, from dries to streamers and nymphs. Winter is guaranteed to be most productive when using nymphing techniques.

Nymphing can be extremely effective and relatively easy. By positioning yourself directly across from the fish-if you aren’t able to sight fish, place yourself where the fish are most likely to be feeding, you are setting your flies up to move through the water directly in front of hungry trout. All it takes is roll cast upstream and a proper drift for trout to notice your flies.

Fish Multiple Flies

Trout are significantly less active in the winter which is why it’s a good idea to offer the trout as many delicious food options as possible, this can be achieved by rigging up three flies below a tiny indicator.

Think of this as a juicy buffet line, start your nymph rig with 5x or 6x sized tippet because water in the winter can be low and clear and you don’t want to spook away the chance at a fish. Next, add a very small strike indicator, and micro weight, sometimes two. Add the first fly which should be an attractor pattern such as a San Juan worm. Then below the first fly, add a midge and then a second midge below that. Be sure to keep the heaviest weight midge on the very end, to avoid bird nesting your line.

The other benefit to nymphing 3 flies on a single line of tippet is the ability to try multiple colors and patterns all at once. Then you can dial in the pattern that is producing fish more quickly.

Preventing Frozen Guides

Before your rod even touches the water, spray it down with some PAM cooking spray. Chances are you have some in your pantry and if not you can pick some up for under five dollars at the nearest supermarket. This is a tried and true tactic, that will prevent guides from freezing quickly.

The one thing I never leave home without has major benefits on the water as well, chapstick! Rub a little chapstick on your guides to discourage ice build-up. I prefer either original Burt’s Bee’s or Carmex or any natural based lip balm will do the trick! Loon outdoors makes a non-toxic paste, its safe for the environment as well as your fly line. Just under ten dollars, you can pick up this ice off paste at your local fly shop.

These methods will only work for a short period of time. Your guides will eventually freeze over and more application of pastes and oils will be necessary.

The only true long-lasting method to prevent guides from icing over is to use very thin mono-rigs, such as euro nymphing leaders. Less water is collected on the retrieve with mono-rigs compared to thick fly lines so less water ever reaches the guides to freeze over. You won’t be able to do much dry fly fishing using mono-rigs, however, you’ll rarely ever need to during the cold winter. Give mono-rigs a shot and you’ll notice what we did, less ice and more fish. If you’re curious about using mono-rigs, read this article here about whether Euro Nymphing Leaders are worth it.

What To Wear

That’s the conundrum for so many anglers during the cold winter months. Sure, the fish are out there and probably willing to eat, but is it really worth it during that snowstorm that brings several inches of snow and freezing temperatures? The answer to that becomes much easier when you’re armed with the right gear and clothing to combat the harsh conditions of winter!

Hands

Of all the things that threaten to end the day early, cold hands and fingers is at the top of the list. The inability to comfortably tie on a new rig and the stinging of frozen fingertips grinds a day of fishing to a halt. During these winter months, I like to bring two pairs of gloves with me. The first pair is fingerless wool, which allows me to stay pretty warm and still maintain a level of function. For those extra cold days, the second pair is a wool mitten that flips down into gloves. When I’m casting, my off hand is in mitten mode for maximum warmth, but it’s still really easy to switch into the gloves for retying or unhooking a fish!

Feet

Keeping feet warm in winter is the toughest thing to achieve. Numb toes that feel more like blocks of ice than extremities is a miserable feeling, and it’s really hard to combat. When it comes to dressing for warmth, wear two pairs of socks. Typically my bottom layer is just a regular run-of-the-mill athletic sock followed by thick wool socks. Having two layers helps a ton, and walking around out on the stream keeps blood circulating, which is about the best you can do when water temperatures are hovering just above freezing.

Layers

Dressing in layers, and having more layers available in the car, is key to a day out in winter. Weather can change in an instant, and even a few degree drop can be debilitating to the cold weather angler. Companies like Simms make some fantastic layering options that are lightweight and warm. A classic winter layering system for me is a long sleeve tee, fleece quarter zip, hoodie, and then a jacket to cut the wind and, if necessary, repel precipitation. Another jacket, usually a puffy warmer option, extra hoodie, and fleece layer are stashed in the truck just in case it’s colder than anticipated or even worse, a fall in happens.

How to use weight to catch more fish.

Every fly fisherman, at some point in time, needs a tactical intervention. In my case, it happened to be a depth issue. I needed to properly understand the connection between the weight of my flies, the depth, and flow of the water I was fishing.

The most beneficial advice I have ever received when it comes to technical nymphing was to use more weight! This will help you identify the speed and depth of the current better. Not every hole or riffle should be fished with the same amount of weight or depth. Make sure you are properly evaluating and surveying the stretch you have chosen to fish and adjust accordingly.

A deep plunge pool requires more weight and depth for the flies to get down deeper, but that same approach might not work on a riffle. Less weight and less depth would much more likely cater to that type of water.

So, what does this do? As an avid angler, the most essential and helpful dynamic to technical trout fishing relies on the ability to gauge depth and flow. Take a minute to survey and prospect once you get to the water, don’t just rush into a spot. Look at the water and visualize where the bugs may be, where the fish may be, and where your flies need to be to directly replicate the mannerisms of the natural ecosystem.

Adding supplemental weight to your nymphing rigs is the difference between catching fish and not. Here’s why. The whole idea about split shots and using heavier beads is not only to get your nymphs down faster but to put your flies within the water column that fish most readily feed at—along the bottom.

Knowing when to add and remove weight is the most important thing you have to know when nymphing. Knowing how to use the weight is another.

Believe it or not, there are times when you’ll need to add weight to your nymphing rigs if you ever want a chance of hooking up.

• Water is high and fast
• Deep pools
• Flies are too light
• Not getting deep enough
• Current is too strong

2 Split Shots are sometimes better than one

One of the best methods of using split shots is to put 2 splits and never just one.

Just having one sinker pulls your nymphing rig down between rocks and boulders like an anchor. Use two sinkers instead. Attaching two allows them to work together and pull each other out of crevices that you would otherwise get stuck in. Water flow catches the sinkers at different angles and pushes them downstream with the current in a rolling motion.

Streamers and split shots

You can so add split shots above streamers to add a jigging – up and down action when retrieved. Placing two split shots above the fly a few inches apart will allow the streamer to roll along the bottom like how a dead minnow or baitfish would.

Add more weight if your flies are going by too fast.

Most flies are pretty light and don’t carry much weight to them. Of course, you can prepare ahead of time by keeping a steady supply of tungsten beaded nymphs and weighted flies. But, odds are that you don’t.

No matter what time of year it is, trout are always feeding along the bottom. It is the perfect place. There is plenty of food and little to no current on the bottom, which allows fish to use very little energy and still continue to scoop up insects floating by. In case you’re wondering, slower currents along the bottom are the result of the friction between the water and the streambed.

Someday you’ll be caught on the stream with a few handfuls of light nymphs and deep, fast water to work. Trout are always feeding along the bottom so this is a perfect time to use tungsten putty or split shots.

Take some weight off if you keep snagging up.

That is the simplest way to put it. If you keep snagging up, subtract some weight.

Now, if you are snagging up every dozen casts or so leave, the weight on. It’s not the best idea to take some weight off unless you’re getting stuck 2 casts out of 3. You can do this in one of two ways.

• Remove or replace a split shot with a smaller one
• Replace the flies that are the most weight
• Do both

Play around with adding weight and remember to always be adjusting. Conditions change from place to place so it’s totally normal to mess around with things to make it right.

Originally published on February 2,2023, this article has been updated on June 4, 2024 to reflect the latest research and statistics.

The International Shark Attack File (ISAF) from the Florida Museum of Natural History looked into 120 reported shark-human interactions across the globe in 2023. Among them, there were 69 unprovoked shark attacks, exceeding the five-year average of 63 attacks per year. However, experts stress that this doesn’t necessarily mean shark attacks are on the rise.

Many people have a firm view on sharks; however, the following shark attack numbers will highlight the truth behind these majestic creatures.

Sharks are intensely beautiful creatures. I have long been fascinated by them, from the monstrous creatures of Jaws and the Meg to the real creatures that gracefully dominate our oceans. Sharks are all around tremendous animals.

Peter Benchley, the man behind Jaws, wrote his book about the killer shark but spent the rest of his days undoing the devastating image he created. Sharks have a fearsome reputation, and while they are undoubtedly apex predators, they are much more than that.

Key Facts You Need to Know

• In 2023, There Were 36 Unprovoked Shark Bites on Humans in the US
• 16 Cases in Florida Represent 44% of the US Total Shark Attacks in 2023
• Stats Show There Were 69 Unprovoked Bites on Humans and 22 Provoked Attacks in 2023
• The Number of Highest Unprovoked Shark Attacks in the US
• The Second Place with the Highest Number of Shark Attacks after the US Is Australia
• One of the Most Dangerous Shark Beaches in the World Is Gansbaai
• The Likelihood of Fatal Shark Attacks Is 1 in 4,332,817
• Shark Attacks Are Highest in the Month of September
• Most of the Fatalities in 2023 Were Due to White Shark Bites
• The Biggest Shark in the World Is the Whale Shark

Why Do Sharks Attack People?

The main reason sharks attack people is because of curiosity. While it doesn’t make a very good catchphrase, curiosity is what draws sharks to humans. When humans enter the water and start swimming, paddling, or splashing around, they draw a shark’s attention.

There is no objective evidence to suggest that sharks actively hunt humans in the water. More attacks usually happen because more people are in the water, not because sharks are getting more dangerous. It’s all about the numbers. The more we swim in their home, the more we might run into them.

Below are some statistics discussing why sharks attack people.

How Many Shark Attacks Happen Each Year?

On average, there are about 63 unprovoked shark attacks each year, with 5 to 6 of these attacks resulting in death. In 2023, there was a slight increase to 69 attacks, but this number still fits the average trend over the past five years.

In 2022, attacks dropped to 57, marking a 10-year low. The ISAF’s annual report mainly looks at unprovoked shark attacks, where sharks bite without human provocation, like approaching them or swimming near the bait. These incidents help us understand shark behavior better. So, although attacks by sharks do happen, the overall risk remains quite low.

Shark Attacks in the US

In 2023, There Were 36 Unprovoked Shark Bites on Humans in the US (ISAF)

Shark attack data confirms that the US is the geographical home for shark bites. In line with ongoing trends, the United States had the highest number of unprovoked shark bites in 2023, with 36 confirmed incidents.

This figure is a slight decrease from the 41 cases in 2022, accounting for 52% of the global total number according to a report of all known attacks by sharks compiled by Florida’s Museum of Natural History.

In 2022, there were 108 shark interactions reported worldwide. Of these, the ISAF recorded 73 unprovoked shark bites or attacks in the United States.

There Were Also Two Confirmed Deaths in the U.S. (ISAF)

Last year, the number of fatal unprovoked shark attacks increased to ten, doubling from five the previous year. In the US, two of these attacks resulted in deaths, with one occurring in California and another in Hawaii.

In 2023, Hawaii Recorded Eight Shark Attacks, While California Recorded Two Attacks (ISAF)

In 2023, Hawaii had eight shark bites, with one being deadly. This is a bit more than usual, but the number of bites in Hawaii changes a lot each year.

California had two shark bites, one fatal. New York saw four bites, North Carolina three, South Carolina two, and New Jersey one.

A Fatal Shark Attack Occurred in Massachusetts for the First Time Since 1936 (CNN)

As reported by CNN, 2018 saw the first fatal shark bite recorded in Massachusetts in 82 years. Before the attack on the 15th of September 2018, the most recent fatal attack was recorded in 1936.

Many believe the surging population of seals on the coast has beckoned more Great White shark populations to the area.

Shark Attacks Florida

16 Cases in Florida Represent 44% of the US Total Shark Attacks in 2023 (ISAF)

Florida continued to lead the world in shark bites in 2023, with its 16 cases making up 44% of the U.S. total and 23% of the global unprovoked bites. This number is below Florida’s recent five-year average of 19 incidents.

23% of the Unprovoked Shark Bites Worldwide Occur in Florida (ISAF)

The same source data can be used to determine that Florida is responsible not only for 44% of unprovoked shark bites across the US but also for almost a quarter (23%) of unprovoked bites worldwide.

Volusia County in Florida Had the Highest Number of Shark Bites (8), Representing 50% of the State’s Total (ISAF)

The same ISAF study examined the total number of unprovoked shark bites in Florida to determine that Volusia County is the hotbed of Floridian shark activity, accounting for 50% of all Florida’s attacks. This represents a slight increase from 44% in 2022, indicating a modest uptick in shark activity in the area.

In Florida, Volusia County recorded the highest number of shark bites at 8, accounting for half of the state’s total. This matches the area’s five-year average of 9 incidents.

Of the Eight Remaining Bites, Two Were in Brevard County, Two in St. Lucie County, and One Each Occurred in Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Escambia, and Pinellas Counties (ISAF)

Of the remaining bites, Brevard and St. Lucie counties each had two, while Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Escambia, and Pinellas counties each reported one.

Most Shark Attacks Worldwide Statistics

Stats Show There Were 69 Unprovoked Bites on Humans and 22 Provoked Attacks in 2023 (ISAF)

In 2023, there were 69 shark attacks worldwide, similar to the average of 63 a year from 2018 to 2022. However, there were 14 deaths from attacks this year, with 10 considered unprovoked, which is higher than the usual annual average of 6 unprovoked deaths.

It’s normal for the number of attacks and deaths to vary each year. Even though there were more deaths in 2023, similar spikes have happened before, like in 2011. The recent increase in deaths, especially from white sharks, might be due to more sharks gathering near popular beaches, especially in Australia, where many surfers go.

The Number of Highest Unprovoked Shark Attacks Are in the US (ISAF)

According to data from the ISAF, the US has the highest rate of unprovoked bites in the world, and within that, Florida accounts for 44% of all US-based shark bites.

The USA reported 1640 attacks since 1580, which is almost double that of Australia, which is the country with the second most attacks.

The Second Place with the Highest Number of Shark Attacks after the US Is Australia (ISAF)

An attack map published by ISAF confirmed that after the US, Australia is the second most active country for shark attacks.

However, while it may rank second for activity, Australia is the number one country for fatal attacks.

Australia accounted for 22% of Attacks, Resulting in 40% of Fatalities. (ISAF)

Australia recorded 15 unprovoked shark incidents in total, matching the region’s five-year average. Australia experienced a higher number of shark bite fatalities, making up 22% of all global attacks and resulting in four deaths, which is 40% of the total fatalities.

Of these, seven happened in Western Australia, with one fatal incident involving a bull shark, and five occurred in South Australia, where three were fatal and involved white sharks. Additionally, there was one shark bite each in Queensland, New South Wales, and Tasmania over the year.

From 1931 to 2022, Brazil Had 111 Shark Attacks (ISAF)

In 2023, Brazil reported three bites, none of which were fatal. Research collected in the International Shark Attack File confirms that between 1931 and 2021, Brazil saw 111total attacks by sharks.

Out of those 111 incidents, 65 occurred off the coast of the state of Pernambuco.

One of the Most Dangerous Shark Beaches in the World Is Gansbaai (American Oceans)

Sharks are found in seas and oceans the world over, and despite the record number of attacks and incidents in the US and Australia, one of the most heavily shark attack hotspots of the world is off the South African coast.

Getaway reports that Gansbaai sees anywhere between 5 to 10 shark attacks per year. Sharks have become one of the key tourist attractions in the area.

In 2019, 2 Fatal Shark Attacks Occurred in the Bahama Islands and Reunion Island (Florida Museum of Natural History)

According to data gathered and published by the ISAF at the Florida Museum, 2019 saw a drop in the total number of shark-related incidents. Only 64 unprovoked bites were reported.

However, two particular bites proved fatal – one in the Bahamas and one on Reunion Island. Interestingly, this also represented a 50% decrease compared to the average.

Shark Attack Statistics

The Likelihood of Fatal Shark Attacks Is 1 in 4,332,817 (Florida Museum)

According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, it was revealed that the odds of dying as a result of a shark attack in the USA is 1 in 4,332,817.

This means that you are more likely to die from an attack from wasps, dogs, or snakes than you are from sharks.

The Rate of People Getting Drowned Is Higher than Getting Bitten by a Shark (Florida Museum)

As per a study by the International Shark Attack File, you are more likely to die by drowning than be bitten by a shark. To further quantify those statistics, you are 3,820 times more likely to drown than die from a shark bite.

The chances of drowning are 1 in 1,134 compared to the 1 in 4,332,817 odds of being bitten by a shark.

Shockingly, Deaths Due to Selfies Are Higher than Being Eaten by Sharks (NY Post)

In an article published in the NY Post, more people have died while taking a selfie in recent years than from attacks by sharks.

Between 2011 and 2017, 259 people died while taking a selfie, as opposed to just 50 shark-related deaths in the same time span.

Board Sports and Surfing Are Involved in 42% of Shark Attacks (ISAF)

In a report published by the ISAF, more than half of all reported shark attacks are a direct result of board sports and surfing. The article specifies that swimmers and waders were involved in 39% of the incidents, while snorkelers and free divers accounted for 13%.

Shark Attacks Are Highest in the Month of September (ISAF)

The ISAF is the only known repository for shark altercation statistics. According to their research, the most active month for shark attacks is September. The data relates to attacks in Florida, which is the most active location in the US for shark bites.

Stats Show Several Factors, Including Climate Change, Are Involved in Shark Attacks (BBC)

A BBC report concludes that a rise in the rate of attacks on humans is related to a number of different factors. As the number of unprovoked shark bites worldwide seems to be on the increase, the reasoning behind it is linked to multiple environmental factors.

Climate change is altering water temperatures worldwide, and as a result, shark’s natural habitat and shark attack migration paths are growing. In addition, conservation efforts are seeing seal colonies and other shark prey populations increase, thus luring even more sharks into coastal waters.

There Are Three Types of Unprovoked Shark Attacks (ISAF)

The ISAF curator, George Burgess, documented that there are three different types of attacks by sharks. These were examined in detail by Wildlife Online.

The three types of shark bites are:

• Hit and Run attack: Often unseen, a shark will attack quickly, take a bite and disappear. A hit-and-run attack is the most common shark interaction.
• Bump and bite attack: The bump and bite is most commonly related to feeding. These are most often severe or fatal attacks. Sharks bump their prey before circling back for multiple attacks.
• Sneak attack: Sneak attacks are a combination of the above. They occur without warning and often result in multiple bites.

Shark Attack Statistics by Species

There Are Almost 500 Known Shark Species, among Which Only 30 Are Involved in Attacks on Humans (Florida Museum)

Between sharks and rays, there are approximately 1,000 different species on the planet, yet according to statistics from the Florida Museum of Natural History, only 30 have ever been involved in unprovoked bites on humans.

This means that only between 3 and 5 % of shark species have ever attacked a human.

Since 1580, 949 Unprovoked Shark Attacks Have Been Documented Globally. (ISAF)

Since 1580, there have been 949 unprovoked attacks globally. Great white sharks were involved in 37% (351 attacks) of these, with 59 being fatal.

Most of the Fatalities in 2023 Were Due to White Shark Bites (ISAF)

In 2023, most fatalities were caused by white shark bites, with three in Australia and one in California. According to the Florida Museum, the Great White is the most dangerous shark to humans.

Most unprovoked attacks by sharks are test bites, where a shark senses humans (mistakenly) as their usual prey and often leaves after one bite. However, because of their size, many species, like white and tiger sharks, can cause fatal injuries with just a single bite or two bites.

Since 1580, 351 Unprovoked Bites Have Been Attributed to White Sharks. (ISAF)

The Great White has been responsible for a record 59 fatal human bites over the centuries. They have also been involved in a staggering 351 unprovoked shark bites, which accounted for 326 attacks and 52 fatalities earlier.

The Bite Force of a Great White Shark Is More than 4,000 PSI (American Oceans)

According to American Oceans, the great white shark has a bite force of 4,000 pounds per square inch (psi).

To add some perspective, the force of a Great White shark bite is approximately 10 times more than a lion!

The Second Most Dangerous Sharks in the World Are Tiger Sharks (ISAF)

While Great White sharks are regarded as the most aggressive ocean predator, they are followed close behind by the Tiger shark.

Tiger sharks are, according to the ISAF, unaggressive and often docile sharks; however, they are still second in the number of human attacks and shark-related fatalities. Tiger sharks have been involved in 103 unprovoked attacks and caused 39 fatalities.

Stats Show the Incidence of Bull Sharks Attacks Is Highest in Shallow Waters (NWF)

Bull sharks are clever creatures that can move from freshwater to saltwater without issue. As a result, they often move into shallow rivers and bodies of water. This brings the bull shark into close contact with humans.

According to NWF, Bull sharks are also naturally inquisitive and use their mouth as a way of exploring and investigating.

Tiger sharks caused 142 unprovoked shark bites, and bull sharks caused 119 during that period since 1580. (ISAF)

ISAF warns that shark unprovoked attack figures might not be precise due to misidentification. Yet, bull sharks, tiger sharks, and great white sharks, known as “The Big Three,” cause about 65% of attacks worldwide. They’re known for serious injuries and often roam near human areas.

Hammered Shark Attacks on Humans Didn’t Cause Any Casualties (Newsweek)

According to an article in Newsweek, Hammerhead sharks have not been the cause of human fatality for over 120 years.

While the Hammerhead is the most recognizable of all shark species, it is highly placid. There have been just 16 incidents involving people, and none of them have been fatal.

The Biggest Shark in the World Is the Whale Shark (Oceana)

The largest shark in the world is the Whale shark. However, as confirmed by Oceana, despite being the largest living fish, the whale shark is utterly harmless. One of three filter-feeding sharks, Whale sharks pose no threat to humans.

Interestingly, the spotted pattern on a Whale shark’s hide is as unique as a human fingerprint.

How Many Sharks Are Killed by Humans Statistics

Globally, There Are More Than 100 Million Shark Deaths (American Oceans)

While sharks kill around 10 people a year, humans are responsible for killing tens of millions of sharks. According to American Oceans, approximately 6.4 to 7.9% of all shark species are killed each year.

To further quantify that, there are approximately 11,000 sharks killed every hour!

1.3 To 2.7 Million Sharks Are Killed To Fulfill the Fin Soup Demand (Smithsonian Ocean)

In a piece published by the Smithsonian Ocean, it was reported that anywhere between 1.3 and 2.7 million sharks are killed every year for their fins.

In shark finning, sharks are caught, their finds are removed, and the shark is returned to the ocean, alive, and left behind to drown. It is the major cause of shark mortality.

Overfishing Has Dropped the Level of Sharks by 71% Since 1970 (Nature)

Research released in 2021 and published by Nature confirms that wild shark populations have dropped by 71% since 1970. The main reason behind this is the continued expansion of commercial fishing zones.

Overfishing of the oceans has seen a vast reduction in the amount of food available for most sharks. The follow-up from this is that more sharks are dying, which, coupled with the relatively slow reproduction rate, means there are fewer sharks swimming in our oceans.

Ten Critically Endangered Gray Nurse Sharks Were Killed in the Nets in New South Wales from 2017-2018 (The Guardian)

As part of a shark deterrent system, nets were used around beaches in New South Wales with a focus on catching rogue tiger or white sharks, which pose the greatest risk to humans.

However, according to research and an article in the Guardian, between 2017 and 2018, the nets caught and killed 6 critically endangered gray nurse sharks.

Between 1950 to 2008, 577 Great White Sharks And 353 Tiger Sharks Were Killed in Nets (Taronga)

Shark attack mitigation nets in New South Wales, Australia, have caused the deaths of almost 1000 sharks between 1950 and 2008. These deaths were not the goal of the nets but an unfortunate consequence of them.

As discussed on Taronga.org, there are better and more humane ways to limit interactions between humans and sharks, especially when you consider that there were over 15,000 other marine mammals also killed in the same nets during that time.

FAQs

How many shark attacks per year?

In 2023, there were 69 unprovoked attacks, while 2022 saw 57 worldwide. This marks a change from the 10-year average of 63 attacks per year, as noted by the University of Florida.

How many people are killed by sharks each year?

On average, less than 10 people are killed by sharks worldwide each year.

How many shark attacks in 2022?

During 2022, there were a total of 108 shark interactions worldwide, and ISAF documented 73 unprovoked shark bites or attacks in the United States.

What state has the most shark attacks?

Florida has the highest number of attacks.

What are the chances of getting attacked by a shark?

As per ISAF, the odds of being killed or even attacked by a shark is one in 4.3 million around the world. You are 1500 times more likely to be attacked by a bear than a shark.

Conclusion

Sharks are an often misunderstood species that are viewed as nothing more than cold-blooded killers. Yes, sharks are effective eating machines, but they are so much more than that. As per ISAF, the risk of death from a shark attack is one in 4.3 million around the world.

Source

This TACTACAM Reveal X & X PRO Trail Cameras Review is brought to you by The Old Deer Hunters. The TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera is by far the best cellular trail camera I have ever used. This cellular trail camera is ideal for locations with limited cellular access because it comes with two sim cards, Verizon and ATT. Best of all, it is easy to use.

Cellular photos and videos from the TACTACAM Reveal X & X PRO Trail Cameras are very good, but if you actually download the videos from the card, they are fantastic and great for Youtube Videos.

Available From Amazon $149 TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Cellular Trail Camera

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Cellular Trail Camera Amazon $149TACTACAM Reveal X Gen 2.0 Amazon $119TACTACAM Lithium Battery Pack Amazon $50SanDisc 32GB SD Card (Recommended) Amazon $11

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Cellular Trail CameraVerizon and AT&TNO Glow , Integrated GPS Tracking , Built in LCD Screen , HD Photo and HD Video (X-PRO)

The TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Cellular Trail Camera is the newest cellular trail cam for 2024. This cellular trail camera is ideal for locations with limited cellular access because it comes with two sim cards, Verizon and ATT.

See what is going on on your hunting property with HD quality photos and 1080 video even when you’re not in the woods. The Tactacam REVEAL X Pro camera is not only small and discreet, but powerful enough to handle the extreme outdoor weather. It’s fast trigger and no glow IR technology will freeze the action day or night. Because of the No Glow IR flash and integrated GPS tracking, the Reveal XPro also makes and excellent wireless cellular security camera or surveillance camera.

Awesafe Gun Safe, Biometric Gun Safe for Pistols*

Awesafe Single Bedside Gun Safe $65 at AMAZONAwesafe 2-Handgun Bedside Gun Safe $119 at AMAZON

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Is Easy to Use

Using this camera is very easy. Just load up the batteries and 32 GiG SD Card to get started. Download the app for your cell phone and add the camera. Setting the camera up is very easy with the app.

The camera has a 2″ viewing screen, so it is easy to aim during setup. You can see what the camera sees. It lets you align the camera perfectly so you get centered in the photo.

The photos are send to your phone and you can request HD photos or 1080 videos for small fee. You get 50 videos or HD photos for $5.

Customer Service is USA based by Real Hunters

• NEW 2024 MODEL! Integrated GPS Tracking – Built in LCD screen for photo viewing and programming!
• NEW HYBRID MODE for faster picture and video delivery AND superior battery life! HD pictures and videos sent to your phone , tablet or computer via the REVEAL by Tactacam APP!
• NO GLOW IR technology makes the X-Pro the perfect camera for hunting, security and surveillance! 96 FOOT flash and detection range! Lightening fast trigger!
• 32gb Class 10 U3 sd card required (Recommended brand – Tactacam) 12 AA batteries or Tactacam Lithium battery cartridge required.
• Includes Verizon and AT&T sim cards. Pick which has the best service in your area. No contract needed for activation. Pay annually or month to month.
• TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera Review

Tactacam’s REVEAL X-Pro cellular trail camera is the one of the best trail cams you can buy.

• Crisp 16MP daytime photos
• Use the app to request HD videos and photos
• Brilliant 2.0″ LCD screen
• No Glow IR technology
• Fast .5 second trigger speed
• Integrated GPS tracking
• Multi-carrier capable
• Compatible with Verizon and AT&T cell networks

The Tactacam® Reveal X Pro Trail Camera captures crisp 16MP daytime photos, and you can use the app to request HD videos from the cam as needed. Brilliant 2.0″ LCD screen offers up to 16MP videos and photos. No Glow IR technology combines with the fast trigger speed to freeze the action, day or night, without spooking game. Integrated GPS tracking. This game camera is multi-carrier capable and compatible with Verizon or AT&T cellular networks.

Reveal X Pro Trail Camera Features & Functions

• Requires a Tactacam, SanDisk, or Lexar Class 10, U3 SD Card, 16GB-32GB• Requires 12 AA Batteries• No Glow IR Technology effectively eliminates all visible flash• Adjustable Night Illumination at 80+ft• Detect animals at 96+ft• Sub 1/2s Trigger Speeds• Exceptional detection in all weather• IP66 Waterproof Certified• Built-in LCD Screen• Built-in GPS• Request HD Photos From App (Additional data charges may apply)• Request Video From App (Additional data charges may apply)TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera Review

• Hybrid Mode allowing more pictures to be taken and sent instantly• External Port for Solar Panel• One Year Warranty• In-house Customer Service• USA developed and supported App• Activate cameras only when you need them• Reveal X Pro operates on AT&T or Verizon Nationwide LTE/4G Networks (SIM card change required)• LED indicator showing signal strength and battery level• Uploads thumbnail images with HD image requests (Additional data charges may apply)• Month-to-Month Data plans• No Contracts/Activation fees• Easy to use mobile app with daily camera status reportsTACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera Review

TACTACAM Reveal X Gen 2.0 LTE Cellular Trail Camera

From Amazon $119 TACTACAM Reveal X Gen 2.0 LTE Cellular Trail Camera

Same Features As X Pro Except No LED Screen or GPSWifi To Your Phone Replaces the LED Screen To Aim Camera

AT&T and Verizon, HD Video, HD Photo, Low Glow IR LED Flash (TA-TC-XG2) for Hunting, Security, Surveillance Gen 2

• Sub 1/2s trigger speeds , Exceptional detection in all weather , Adjustable night illumination at 96+ft , Detects animals at 96+ft , IP66 waterproof certified , Low Glow IR Technology
• Activate cellular trail cameras only when you need them. Cell cam operates on AT&T or Verizon LTE/4G networks (SIM card change required). Month-to-month data plans. No contracts/activation fees.
• One year warranty. In-house customer service. USA developed and supported app. On-board Wi-Fi connects to app for simple set-up and live view option with instant image capture
• Tactacam Reveal cellular game cameras are the perfect solution for Hunting, Cellular Security Cameras, and anywhere else wireless surveillance is needed!
• 12 AA Batteries required. Pair with the Tactacam Reveal External Solar Panel for amazing battery life! Compatible with Reveal LiPo Lithium battery pack.

ALSO SEE SPYPOINT TRAIL CAMERAS

SanDisk 32GB Extreme PRO SDHC UHS-I Memory Card – C10, U3, V30, 4K UHD, SD Card

Available From AMAZON $11 Recommended SD Card For Reveal X or X Pro

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Battery Pack

The Reveal X PRO takes video and photo at the same time. Yes, it will shorten battery life if you use this setting instead of photo only, but you get so much more information with a 10-15 second video than just a photo.

Lithium batteries are expensive, so I have ordered the available Lithium battery pack from AMAZON for $49. 12 Lithium batteries cost $38, so it’s a no-brainer to buy at least one battery pack per camera and a spare so you an have an extra one on the charger ready to go.

Available From Amazon TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Lithium Battery Pack

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO vs Reveal X Gen 2

What’s the difference between Tactacam X and Pro? The Tacticam Reveal XPro has a built in video screen, a GPS feature to help you locate your camera and NO GLOW IR for night photos.

What is the range of the reveal X Pro? NO GLOW IR technology makes the X-Pro has a 96 FOOT flash and detection range!

How often does Tactacam Reveal X Pro send pictures? Once a day, twice a day or as the photos are taken.

How long do batteries last in Tactacam Reveal X Pro? One of the best features of the Reveal XPro is battery life. Set of batteries last for about 3 months. You can also get lithium battery pack that lasts for months and is rechargeable for about same price as one set of lithium batteries.

Can you use Tactacam without a plan? Tactacam offers a free plan monthly for up to 100 photos per camera. A premium plan is available starting at just $15

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Cellular Saves You Time & Money

Trail cameras have become increasingly popular among hunters in recent years, and for good reason. Here are some advantages of using trail cameras for hunting:

1. Increased Efficiency: Trail cameras allow hunters to monitor and scout game more efficiently. By capturing images and video of game in their natural habitats, hunters can learn the movement patterns of animals, identify their preferred feeding areas, and determine the best times to hunt.
2. Improved Success Rates: With the information gathered from trail cameras, hunters can increase their chances of success by choosing the best spots to set up their blinds or tree stands, or by adjusting their hunting strategies based on the behavior patterns of the animals they are targeting.
3. Reduced Time and Effort: Traditional scouting methods often require a lot of time and effort, such as walking or driving through an area to observe game. By using trail cameras, hunters can save time and money by letting the cameras do the work for them.
4. Non-Invasive: Trail cameras are non-invasive and do not disturb the natural environment or disrupt the behavior of animals, unlike other scouting methods that can cause animals to flee the area.
5. Remote Monitoring: Many trail cameras offer remote monitoring capabilities, which allow hunters to check their cameras from their smartphone or computer, eliminating the need to physically visit the camera site and disturb the area.

Cellular Trail Cameras Advantage

Using a cellular trail camera for hunting can provide several advantages over a standard trail camera. Here are some advantages of using cellular trail camera for hunting:

1. Real-time Monitoring: Cellular trail camera use a cellular network to send images and videos directly to the hunter’s smartphone or computer. This allows hunters to monitor the camera in real-time and receive immediate notifications when game is detected.
2. More Efficient: Since hunters don’t have to physically visit the camera site to check for images, they can save time and effort, and avoid disturbing the game in the area.
3. Enhanced Coverage: Cellular trail cameras can be placed in remote locations and still provide coverage, as long as there is cellular network coverage in the area. This makes it easier for hunters to monitor game in areas that are difficult to access.
4. Improved Success Rates: With real-time monitoring, hunters can quickly adjust their hunting strategies based on the movement patterns of game in the area. This can increase their chances of success and reduce the amount of time spent waiting for game to appear.
5. Increased Security: Cellular trail cameras are more secure than traditional trail cameras because they do not have to be physically retrieved to access the images. This reduces the risk of theft and damage to the camera.

TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera Review Conclusion

Overall, using a trail cellular camera for hunting provides hunters with several advantages, including real-time monitoring, enhanced coverage, improved success rates, and increased security.

Cellular Trail Camera Term Definitions

Cellular Trail Camera: A type of trail camera that uses cellular network connectivity to transmit captured images or videos to a remote location, typically a mobile device or a cloud storage service.

SIM Card: A small card inserted into the cellular trail camera that stores information necessary for connecting to the cellular network. It contains a unique identification number (ICC-ID) and allows the camera to communicate with the cellular network provider.

Cellular Network: Trail cameras us the same networks as your cell phone to send fotos. Most cellular trail cameras use ATT or Verizon, but the Reveal XPro can use either.

Data Plan: A cellular service subscription that provides a specific amount of data usage for the cellular trail camera to transmit images or videos. Data plans vary in terms of data allowance, speed, and cost.

Camera Resolution: Refers to the number of pixels a cellular trail camera’s image sensor can capture. Higher resolutions generally result in clearer and more detailed images.

Trigger Speed: The time it takes for a cellular trail camera to capture an image or video after detecting motion or heat. A faster trigger speed is desirable for capturing fast-moving subjects.

Detection Range: The maximum distance at which a cellular trail camera can detect motion or heat. It determines the coverage area of the camera and is usually measured in feet or meters.

Flash Range: The maximum distance at which the camera’s built-in flash can effectively illuminate a subject in low-light conditions. A longer flash range is beneficial for capturing clear images at night.

SD Card: A memory card used in cellular trail cameras to store images or videos locally. It provides additional storage capacity and can be used as a backup if cellular transmission fails.

Image Transmission: The process by which a cellular trail camera sends captured images or videos to a remote location. It can be done through email, text message, dedicated mobile apps, or cloud-based storage services. TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera Review.

Remote Control: The ability to adjust camera settings, view images, and control the cellular trail camera’s functions remotely using a mobile device or a web-based interface.

Motion Detection: The feature that enables a cellular trail camera to detect and capture images or videos when it detects motion within its detection range. It helps conserve battery life by only capturing when activity is present.

Time-Lapse Mode: A feature that allows a cellular trail camera to capture a series of images at predefined intervals, regardless of motion detection. It is useful for capturing long-term changes in a specific area.

Solar Panel: An optional accessory for cellular trail cameras that uses solar energy to charge the camera’s internal batteries. It helps extend battery life and reduces the need for manual battery replacement.

Cloud Storage: Online storage services that allow cellular trail camera users to store and access their captured images or videos remotely. It provides an additional backup and easy access to the media from any device with internet connectivity.

Blackout Technology: A feature in cellular trail cameras that prevents the camera’s LED flash from emitting a visible light when capturing images or videos at night. It helps to conceal the camera’s presence and avoid spooking wildlife.

GPS Functionality: The ability of a cellular trail camera to integrate GPS technology, allowing users to track the camera’s location. It provides valuable information for scouting and locating the camera.

Two-Way Communication: A feature that enables bidirectional communication between the user and the cellular trail camera. It allows users to send commands or requests to the camera remotely, such as adjusting settings or requesting an immediate image transmission.

Cloud-Based Management: A system that allows users to manage multiple cellular trail cameras remotely through a centralized web-based platform or mobile app. It provides convenience for monitoring and controlling multiple cameras from a single interface.

Real-Time Notifications: The capability of a cellular trail camera to send instant notifications to the user’s mobile device or email when motion is detected or when certain events occur, such as low battery or SD card full.

Advanced Image Processing: Technology that enhances the quality of captured images or videos by applying algorithms for noise reduction, image sharpening, and color correction. It results in clearer and more vibrant visuals.

Wireless Connectivity: The ability of a cellular trail camera to connect to other devices wirelessly, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. It allows for easy setup, configuration, and image transfer between the camera and compatible devices.

Multi-Shot Mode: A feature that enables a cellular trail camera to capture multiple consecutive images in rapid succession when triggered by motion detection. It helps to capture a series of shots and provides more detailed information about the subject.

Time and Date Stamp: The inclusion of time and date information on captured images or videos by the cellular trail camera. It helps track activity patterns and provides valuable data for research or monitoring purposes.

Stealth Design: The physical design of a cellular trail camera that aims to blend with the environment and remain inconspicuous. It often includes camouflage patterns, compact size, and anti-reflection coatings to minimize the camera’s visibility.

External Antenna Port: A port on the cellular trail camera that allows users to connect an external antenna. It helps to improve cellular signal reception in areas with weak network coverage.

Encryption and Security: Security measures implemented in cellular trail cameras to protect transmitted data from unauthorized access or interception. This may include data encryption, secure authentication protocols, and password protection. TACTACAM Reveal X PRO Trail Camera Review.

Remote Firmware Updates: The ability to update the camera’s firmware remotely, ensuring that it stays up-to-date with the latest features, bug fixes, and security patches without requiring physical access to the camera.

MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service): A messaging service that allows a cellular trail camera to send captured images or videos as multimedia messages to designated phone numbers or email addresses. It provides an alternative transmission method for devices without internet connectivity.

Cellular Trail Camera Network: A network of multiple cellular trail cameras strategically placed in different locations, allowing users to monitor and manage a larger area for wildlife observation, research, or security purposes.

ALSO SEE SPYPOINT TRAIL CAMERAS

BOOST TRAIL CAM SIGNAL

Back To Home THE OLD DEER HUNTERS CAMP

Many Wisconsin anglers have the first Saturday in May circled on their calendars. That’s because the date marks the Wisconsin walleye opener on most inland waters. Opening-day conditions can vary greatly from year to year and from one end of the state to the other. In the north, some lakes may just be losing their ice cover and spawning may just be starting. In the south, walleyes usually have finished spawning and have turned their attention to food.

Walleyes, more than most other species, move from one place to another both seasonally and on a daily basis. Understanding those movement patterns is the first step to successful walleye fishing. That’s especially true during the first few weeks of the season. The second step is to use a presentation that will trigger strikes given the time of year, time of day, and the weather and water conditions. Regardless of where you fish, you can count on finding cold water in early May, which means you’ll want to slow down and scale down your presentation.

LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION

In the case of walleyes, “relocation, relocation, relocation” might be more accurate. In Wisconsin lakes and reservoirs, walleyes migrate from winter habitat to spawning areas and then to spring and summer habitat, all in a period of several weeks. Learn to identify each of those habitat types and when to expect walleyes to move from one to another and you should be able to catch them during the spawning period, when they move the farthest and their behavior changes the most.

By the time the Wisconsin walleye opener occurs, most walleyes have already moved to pre-spawn staging areas. These are usually areas of intermediate depth located very close to good spawning substrate. In deep lakes, walleyes often stage just off the main break between shallow flats and deep water. In shallow lakes and reservoirs, they may stage just outside weed flats, below subtle breaks of only a foot or so, in channels and off creek and river mouths.

SPAWNING HABITAT

In landlocked lakes, walleyes normally spawn on shallow rocks, rubble and gravel washed clean and aerated by wave action. That type of substrate is often found along shorelines, on mid-lake reefs and around islands. Walleyes also spawn on sand, submerged timber or even muck, if nothing better is available.

In reservoirs, lakes with tributaries or outlets, and lakes that are part of a chain of lakes, walleyes migrate as far as they have to in order to reach suitable spawning areas. They may go many miles upstream, downstream or through several lakes to find the gravel and rock structure they need.

TIMING THE SPAWNING RUN

Walleyes migrate to spawning areas several weeks before they actually spawn. On northern waters, this migration often takes place under the ice. Spawning begins when the water temperature reaches 42 degrees. Most spawning concludes by the time the water temperatures reach the low 50s.

Most walleye spawning takes place at night, but walleyes remain in staging areas during daylight hours throughout the spawning period and for several days thereafter before they disperse. Staging areas often hold great concentrations of walleyes, usually grouped by sex and size. The smaller males often remain close to spawning gravel, while larger females stay farther away in slightly deeper water.

An early spring can cause walleyes to begin their migration earlier than normal, while prolonged winter weather can push the entire process back a week or so. Year in and year out, however, the spawning run usually follows the same schedule within a few days, depending on the latitude of the lake in question. In southern Wisconsin, spawning normally is in full swing the first week of April. Farther north, spawning takes place in late April or early May.

PRE-SPAWN TECHNIQUES

Walleyes tend to be sluggish during the pre-spawn period, when water temperatures are in the 30s. Slow, deliberate presentations work best then. Action may be best during the afternoon, when the water has had a chance to warm up slightly. A leadhead jig tipped with a small minnow is a good bait choice.

Anchor or use a trolling motor to stay over a staging area where you have marked fish and work a jig-and-minnow vertically with a short lift/drop, lift/drop action, or drag it slowly across the bottom. Inactive walleyes usually take a bait as it drops. Rather than a decisive strike, you may simply feel a weight when you lift your rod. If so, hold it steady for a moment. If the weight begins to move, set the hook.

If there is a light breeze blowing in the right direction, you can drift over staging areas with a bottom-bouncer and a floating jighead or plain hook tipped with a minnow. Again, set the hook when you feel any resistance that moves.

When fishing staging areas from shore, cast a jig out to deep water and crawl it back to you. You may lose a few jigs, but that is a good way to cover an area thoroughly.

In reservoirs, start below a dam or inlet mouth and work deep water thoroughly with a jig-and-minnow. If that doesn’t produce fish, gradually move downstream, probing shallow bars, eddies and backwaters. Shallow, submerged wood can be very productive now, as the dark wood absorbs the sun’s heat and warms up the surrounding water. Shallow-running crankbaits often take good fish in timber.

Vary lure color and size until you find what the fish want. If they stop hitting or if the weather or water clarity change, try a different size or color. Generally, use smaller, brighter baits in colder water, fluorescent colors in dark water, and natural colors in clear water.

FISHING DURING THE SPAWN

Daytime action often drops off sharply once walleyes begin to spawn. Night-fishing in shallow spawning areas can be very productive, though. Try longline trolling over gravel bars, shoreline points, reefs and weed flats with floating minnow baits like a Rapala or ThunderStick. Use a zigzag trolling pattern to give baits an erratic action that often triggers strikes. On reservoirs, use side-planer boards to troll shallow-running baits along shoreline riprap.

If you fish during the day, work staging areas carefully with a lightweight jig tipped with a small minnow or plastic tail. If all you catch are small, aggressive males, move around and keep jigging until you locate a group of females. They’ll usually be holding below the next break to deeper water.

POST-SPAWN TRANSITION

After spawning, walleyes scatter and feed voraciously during a brief transition period before they move to summer habitat. During the transition, they may be just about anywhere there is food. They often move into very shallow water because it is warmer and because they find hatching insects and young perch and other baitfish there. Since they are rarely as concentrated now as during the spawning period or when they school up again in summer, you’ll take one here, one there, so it’s best to move around and cover a lot of water. Trolling or casting shallow-running crankbaits over shallow mud flats, gravel bars, rockpiles, points and emerging weeds will take fish both day and night during the transition.

Vary these techniques depending on where you are fishing and whether spring weather is early or late in coming. The best indicator of the progress of walleye spawning is water temperature, so check it daily to help plan your approach. Now let’s look at a half-dozen of the state’s best early-season walleye waters.

BIG CEDAR LAKE

Washington County’s Big Cedar Lake harbors some big walleyes, but they are a challenge to catch in the clear water. Big Cedar covers 932 acres and has a maximum depth of 105 feet in the south basin. That basin holds most of the lake’s walleyes. A honey of a gravel bar rises to within 8 feet or so of the surface in the basin, and another one comes up out of a 20-foot saddle at the mouth of the outlet bay to Cedar Creek along the east shore. Both of those humps and the entire east shore fall off so abruptly that a mountain goat would have trouble keeping its footing there if it were dry land.

Look for post-spawn females along the drops during the day and on top of the bars in the evening and at night. Jigging works well in the deeper water, while flatline trolling with shallow-running stickbaits will take some nice fish on top of the bars. Use planer boards to troll close to shore.

BIG GREEN LAKE

At 237 feet, Big Green is Wisconsin’s deepest lake. Like Big Cedar, this is a two-tier fishery, with lake trout and ciscoes in the deeper water and bass, walleyes, northerns and muskies in the shallower portions. The lake’s walleyes grow fat on ciscoes and other forage. Some of them migrate up Silver Creek at the east end or Spring Creek at the west end to spawn. Others spawn on the lake’s gravel bars.

When the season first opens, try near those two inlets, but avoid the posted fish refuge at the Silver Creek inlet. Two large bars at the east end and two smaller bars just south of Malcolm Bay are also good spots in spring. With a west wind, the stretch along the north shore from Lone Tree Point to Malcolm Bay is a great walleye drift with live chubs or shiners.

Contacts: Schroeder’s Sports Shop, (920) 294-6462; Green Lake Marina, (920) 294-3625 www.greenlakemarina.com; Norton’s Guide Service, (920) 294-3617, www.nortonsfishingandhuntingadventures.com.

HIGH FALLS FLOWAGE

At 1,700 acres, High Falls is the largest of several reservoirs created by power dams that tame the brawling Peshtigo River. Like the river, the flowage is stained dark brown, limiting visibility to 3 or 4 feet. Countless rock bars make navigation hazardous but provide excellent spawning and feeding habitat for walleyes.

In May, look for walleyes in the northern half of the flowage, above the Highway X bridge. You’ll find spawners right in the stumps and on the shallow bars at the north end. Larger females will hold in the old river channel. A slip-bobber rig or lightweight jig tipped with a fathead minnow will take walleyes in spring.

“To avoid snagging in rocks and to help you feel a pick-up, go with the lightest jig you can manage,” says fishing guide Mike Mladenik.

Eight free public landings maintained by Wisconsin Public Service Corporation provide good access to all parts of the flowage.

Contacts: Popp’s Resort, (715) 757-3511, www.poppsresort.com; Mladenik’s Guide Service, (715) 854-2055, www.mikemladenik.com.

THREE LAKES CHAIN

The Three Lakes Chain is actually a string of 17 lakes on the Eagle River in Oneida County. Burnt Rollways Dam separates the Three Lakes Chain from the Eagle River Chain. Some folks just call them the upper and lower chain. Most of the lakes are stained a medium brown, which limits visibility and helps walleyes stay active during daylight hours.

An abundance of mid-lake structure on Planting Ground, Long and Big Stone lakes holds walleyes in spring. Deep water on Big Stone and Medicine lakes harbors ciscoes, which help produce some big walleyes. Most anglers use jigs and minnows for early-season walleyes there, as motor trolling is not permitted.

Contacts: Eagle Sports Center, (9715) 479-8804, www.eaglesportscenter.com; Guide’s Choice, (715) 477-2248, www.guideschoiceproshop.com; Tadpole’s Sports, (715) 479-6641, www.tadpolessports.com.

MCKENZIE LAKES

This trio of lakes located in Washburn County offers some of the best walleye fishing in the region. Upper (Big) McKenzie covers 1,185 acres, Middle McKenzie 530 and Lower McKenzie 180 acres. The two larger lakes have similar structure, with abundant gravel bars and adjacent deep water. Walleyes move freely between them via McKenzie Creek.

Walleye fishing is usually very good on the larger lakes when the season opens in May. Minnows work well now because baitfish populations are at their lowest at this time of year. Try the gravel bars at the north end of Upper McKenzie and the south end of Middle McKenzie.

Contact: Boone’s A&H Outpost, (715) 635-8955.

CHIPPEWA FLOWAGE

Formed in 1923 by the Winter Dam at the confluence of the East and West forks of the Chippewa River, the Chippewa Flowage flooded 10 lake basins and sprawls over 15,000 acres in Sawyer County. Best known for its big muskies, the “Big Chip” is also one of the best walleye lakes in the state, with a high population density sustained by natural reproduction and boosted by stocking by both the state and the Lac Courte Oreilles tribe.

With 233 miles of shoreline, 140 islands and six major tributaries, the flowage is best bitten off in small chunks. Try to fish it all at once and you’ll go crazy. When the season opens, fish the tributary mouths and the gravel shorelines of Chief and Tyner lakes. Jig with a minnow or cast diving crankbaits.

Contacts: The Landing Resort, (715) 462-3626, www.thelanding-lco.com; Treeland’s Resorts, (715) 462-3874; www.treelandresorts.com.

Other top spring walleye waters include Lakes Waubesa and Mendota on the Madison Chain, Pike Lake in Washington County, Big Arbor Vitae Lake in Vilas County, Lake Arbutus in Jackson County, and Holcombe Flowage in Chippewa County. If you’re planning an opening-weekend outing, check local conditions before you pick a lake to fish. You can also check the Wisconsin DNR’s weekly Outdoor Report at http://dnr.wi.gov/News/or/. With a little effort, you should be able to find the perfect spot for opening-weekend walleyes.

A version of this story was originally published in September 2020.

In the springtime, as many as 18,000 hunters in Maine take part in a thrilling turkey hunt that involves trying to call in lovesick male turkeys during the mating season.

But that’s not the only opportunity for turkey hunting. Maine has a fall turkey hunting season, too — it opened on Sept. 18 and runs until Nov. 7 — though it has never caught on at the same level.

It might be the best Maine hunting season you’ve never heard of.

While spring turkey season is a harbinger of warmer days and welcomes many hunters back after a winter without hunting, the fall season overlaps with the popular upland bird season, archery deer season, part of bear season, moose season and the opening of the firearms season for deer. It doesn’t get the same attention.

The methods used during the fall season are also different, and hunters aren’t rewarded with the heart-stopping gobble of an approaching male turkey like they are when the mating season is in full swing in the springtime.

Kelsey Sullivan, game bird biologist for the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, doesn’t actively pursue turkeys in the fall, said those who do have told him that finding a flock of turkeys is the first step.

“Some of the guys use dogs, where they find flocks and break them up, basically,” Sullivan said. “You come into an area where you know there are birds, you break the flock up, and then you set up where they dispersed from, and then make calls to draw them back. They want to come back together again.”

Sullivan said that the department hoped an increase in fall participation would help biologists reach management goals by stabilizing the turkey population in certain parts of the state. Thus far, that hasn’t been the case though the number of hunters is on the rise.

Sullivan thinks there may be as many as 5,000 fall turkey hunters now, compared with 3,500 a few years ago.

The season also has been extended: a turkey permit now covers spring and fall seasons, and the bag limits in much of Maine have increased.

But many of those fall turkey hunters are simply “opportunistic” hunters who are actually in the woods looking for other game, like ruffed grouse and woodcock, Sullivan said.

“They’re not all diehard turkey hunters, but they might take a bird because an opportunity presents itself,” Sullivan said.

Sullivan said that data gathered in the spring of 2019 indicates that Maine’s turkey population was about 70,000, before the nesting season. By September, when that year’s newly hatched birds were on the landscape, the population had likely swelled to 140,000, he said, before naturally trending down as birds died or were killed during the fall and winter.

“The harvest is still fairly low, and it’s still not a major tool in keeping those numbers down,” Sullivan said.

If you do go turkey hunting this year, you will need to get your turkey tagged. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, in-person tagging for turkeys was discontinued for the spring season. Tagging stations are now open again, and hunters must register the turkeys they shoot.

While the concept of fall turkey hunting is pretty simple, the framework explaining where you can hunt and how many birds you’re allowed to take gets complicated, and deserves explanation.

First, there is no fall turkey season at all in parts of the state, including extreme northern Maine, where there aren’t as many birds as in other spots. The Wildlife Management Districts where no fall turkey hunting is allowed: 1 through 5, and 9.

In the spots where turkeys are most plentiful — WMDs 15-17 and 20-25 — there is a five-bird season bag limit. In WMD 26, there is a three-bird season limit. In WMD 28, the limit is two birds, while hunters in WMDs 6-8, 10-14, 18, 19, 27 and 29, the limit is one bird per season.

Hunters are only allowed to take two turkeys per day during the season. The bird may be a male or a female.