Sharks have a fearsome reputation as deadly predators but attacks on humans are rare. Sharks don’t actively seek out humans as prey and prefer to hunt fish or seals.

This doesn’t mean they pose no risk and danger can arise, especially during the summer months, when more people swim in the sea. For this reason, a handful of attacks and fatalities occur every year. Attacks are usually a case of mistaken identity, as sharks may bite a human believing them to be their usual prey. Many sharks let go once they realize their mistake, but their very sharp teeth can cause life-threatening injuries.

In 2022, there have been 51 shark attacks in the U.S., mostly in Florida. Only one, in Hawaii, was fatal.

The International Shark Attack File, run by the Florida Museum—which records shark attacks worldwide—is still analyzing this year’s data.

Gavin Naylor, Program Director at the Florida Program for Shark Research, who works on the file, told Newsweek: “There have actually been a handful fatalities [worldwide] this last year. The challenge is to determine whether or not they were ‘provoked’ or ‘unprovoked.’ We are still researching these cases. In general the numbers are slightly lower this year but not significantly so.”

One fatal attack

The U.S. saw one fatal shark attack in 2022, in Hawaii.

A woman from Washington State had been snorkeling off the coast of Hawaii near Keawakapu Point on December 8 when she disappeared without a trace. She had been with her husband at the time, who was also snorkeling nearby.

Several days passed with the woman’s whereabouts remaining a mystery, before officials confirmed that she had been attacked and killed by a shark.

Several eyewitness accounts confirmed the cause of death.

One witness told Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resources that he had spotted the couple snorkeling as the shark approached. He said he began yelling at them both to get out of the water.

The witness then said he saw a shark feeding on something “in the middle of the red cloud in the water.” The woman disappeared, but the eyewitness continued yelling at the man to get out of the water.

The woman’s husband also said he had seen a shark about 50 yards offshore. After the woman went missing, he continued to search for her. The shark then began to circle the man, but eventually left the area. The husband had noticed it had blood around its gills.

The shark’s exact species was not confirmed but some believed it to have been a tiger shark. The tiger shark is one of the “Big Three” shark species responsible for most shark attacks on humans, along with the bull shark and the great white.

The U.S. is usually the country with the highest number of reported shark attacks per year, the International Shark Attack File said.

There have been a few more shark attacks in 2022 compared with the previous year when the International Shark Attack File recorded 47 confirmed unprovoked shark attacks.

In 2021, there were 42 percent more shark attacks than in 2020 but this was largely explained by fewer people being in the water during the coronavirus pandemic.

Of all states, Florida is usually the one with the highest number of attacks. This trend has been consistent for decades and the state has consistently topped shark bite charts. In 2021, Florida’s 28 shark attacks represented 60 percent of the U.S. total.

Shark bites in 2022

While there has only been one U.S. fatality this year, it has not been the only attack to occur.

A 17-year-old high school cheerleader, Addison Bethea, had her leg amputated after being attacked by a shark in Florida.

Bethea had been in the waters off Keaton Beach on June 30 when she was attacked by a shark thought to be 9 foot long.

The shark did not let go of her leg until Bethea’s brother dragged her out of the water away from its grip. The teen survived the attack but lost a leg.

In November, a California woman was bitten and shaken by a shark. Lyn Jutronich had been swimming off Del Mar Beach in San Diego on November 4 when she felt the shark slam between her legs.

As the shark clamped down on her right leg, it shook the limb once “like a dog” before letting her go.

Once an avid swimmer, Jutronich said she was not sure she would ever go into the sea again following the incident.

A spate of shark attacks also took place in New York state from June 30 to July 20. There were as many as six shark bites during this time, across beaches in the same vicinity. Before this, the Shark Attack File had only recorded 12 unprovoked bites in New York before 2022.

Do you have an animal or nature story to share with Newsweek? Do you have a question about sharks? Let us know via nature@newsweek.com.

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This delicious pan-seared rockfish is made with fish seared in butter and oil, and then served with a lemon and caper pan sauce.

This year has had its ups and downs, but for us there has been one constant.

We’ve had a freezer full of amazing seafood.

Since we knew we’d be home (not traveling) for quite some time, we signed up for monthly seafood deliveries from a CSF (community supported fishery).

And guys, it’s made the year a little bit easier.

If you’re looking for a CSF to join, I can highly recommend the one we joined, Sitka Salmon Shares.

One of our monthly fish deliveries included black rockfish (or black bass). We immediately made blackened rockfish tacos (yum!), but next I wanted to try a recipe where I could taste the rockfish more clearly.

This pan-seared rockfish is based on one of my all-time favorite fish recipes, Julia Child’s fish meunière (fish in butter sauce), and is served with an easy lemon caper sauce.

Looking for more white fish recipes? Try these: pan-seared lingcod, baked lingcod with tomato caper sauce, broiled cod, broiled halibut, pan-seared halibut, pan-seared hake, and halibut tacos.

What Does Rockfish Taste Like?

It depends on the type of rockfish you’re buying!

The black rockfish I used was a mild, flaky fish.

In the past, I’ve purchased Pacific rockfish at Aldi that had a somewhat stronger flavor profile. It was still quite tasty.

Can I Make This Pan-Seared Rockfish Gluten-Free?

Yes, absolutely!

Before pan-searing the rockfish, you’ll dust the fish with flour. All-purpose gluten-free flour, such as Cup 4 Cup, will work perfectly.

Can I Skip the Flour?

Yes, you can.

The sear on the fish will be slightly less golden.

How to Make Pan-Seared Rockfish

Start by patting the fish dry and lightly dusting it with flour. Season the fish with salt and set aside.

Next, heat butter and olive oil in a heavy pan. I like to use this Lodge 12″ carbon steel skillet.

Place the fish into the pan, and avoid trying to move the fish. Don’t touch it yet.

After about three minutes, use a metal spatula to test the fish. Ideally, use a fish spatula.

I use this Wusthof fish spatula, but have also heard good things about this OXO fish spatula.

Try to slide the spatula under the fish.

If the rockfish releases easily from the pan, flip it. If it doesn’t, try again in a few seconds.

It will release when the bottom of the fish is done cooking.

After you flip the fish, top each fillet with a little more butter.

Cook the rockfish for another couple minutes, and then remove it from the pan.

How to Make the Pan-Sauce

To make the sauce, add lemon juice and capers to the hot pan.

Use a wooden spoon to stir, scraping up any bits of fish stuck to the pan. Stir in some fresh herbs, and it’s ready!

Top the pan-seared rockfish with the lemon caper pan-sauce and a few more fresh herbs.

I like to serve this rockfish along with French mashed potatoes and a haricot vert salad.

King crab is a highly sought-after delicacy known for its sweet and succulent meat. However, the price of a whole king crab can vary greatly depending on various factors. In this article, we will delve into the factors determining the worth of a king crab, providing you with a better understanding of its value in the market.

Understanding The Value Of Whole King Crab

The value of a whole king crab goes beyond its taste and culinary appeal. Several factors contribute to its worth in the market. These factors include:

1. Size: The size of the king crab plays a significant role in determining its value. Larger crabs are generally more valuable as they yield more meat, making them desirable among consumers.
2. Quality: The quality of the king crab is another crucial factor. High-quality crabs are characterized by their firm texture, vibrant color, and fresh taste. Crabs that meet these criteria are often priced higher due to their superior taste and overall appeal.
3. Availability: The availability of king crab can also impact its worth. King crab is a seasonal delicacy, and its availability varies yearly. During peak seasons, when the supply is limited and the demand is high, the price of whole king crab tends to be higher.

Factors That Determine King Crab’s Worth

Several factors determine the worth of a whole king crab. These factors include:

1. Fishing Regulations: Fishing regulations and restrictions imposed by governing bodies can affect the supply of king crab. Quotas and fishing seasons can limit the availability of king crab, potentially driving up its price.
2. Sustainability: The sustainability of king crab fishing practices also influences its worth. Sustainable fishing methods ensure the long-term viability of the crab population and help maintain the ecological balance of marine ecosystems. King crab harvested through sustainable practices may be priced higher due to the added value associated with responsible sourcing.
3. Market Demand: Market demand plays a crucial role in determining the worth of a whole king crab. High demand for king crab can drive up its price, especially during special occasions and festive seasons when seafood consumption is at its peak.
4. Geographic Location: The geographic location where king crab is harvested can also affect its worth. Different regions may have varying costs associated with fishing, processing, and transportation, which can impact the product’s final price.

Understanding the factors contributing to a king crab’s worth can help consumers make informed purchasing decisions. It is essential to consider the size, quality, availability, fishing regulations, sustainability, market demand, and geographic origin when evaluating the worth of a king crab in the market.

By taking these factors into account, you can ensure that you are getting the best value for your money when purchasing a whole king crab. So, the next time you indulge in this delectable seafood delight, you’ll better understand what determines its worth.

King Crab Prices

Average King Crab Prices Per Pound

The cost of a whole king crab can vary depending on several factors, such as size, quality, and availability. On average, a whole king crab can range from $25 to $70 per pound. However, it’s important to note that these prices can fluctuate based on location and the vendor you purchase them from. Here is a breakdown of the average prices per pound for king crab:

• In Alaska, where king crab is abundant, you can expect to pay around $25 to $45 per pound, making it one of the more affordable options.
• Norway, known for its high-quality king crab with larger and meatier legs, offers king crab at a higher price range of $40 to $70 per pound.
• Russia, another major player in the king crab market, provides large and flavorful king crab legs with an average price range of $30 to $50 per pound.
• Renowned for its top-notch seafood, Japan offers premium-quality king crab at a higher price point of $70 to $100 per pound.

These prices are just averages and can vary depending on the specific market conditions and individual vendors.

Variation In King Crab Costs

Several factors, including the size, quality, and availability of the catch can influence the variation in king crab costs. Here are a few factors that can contribute to the fluctuation in king crab prices:

1. Location: The price of king crab can vary based on the region where it is caught and sold. Different countries may have different production costs and trade regulations, affecting the overall price.
2. Season: King crab season typically kicks off in October in Alaska. The time of year can impact the availability of king crab and subsequently influence the price. Off-season prices may be higher due to limited supply.
3. Grade and Size: King crab is graded based on the number of legs that create a specific weight. The grading can impact the price, with larger and higher-grade crabs generally commanding a higher price.
4. Sustainability: Sustainable fishing practices can have an impact on the availability and price of king crab. Some fisheries have certifications indicating responsible fishing methods, which can affect the market price.
5. Market Demand: Overall demand for king crab can also affect the price. Changes in consumer preferences and global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may result in fluctuating demand and subsequent price changes.

It’s important to consider these factors when evaluating the cost of a whole king crab. Prices can vary widely, so it’s advisable to research and compare prices from different vendors to ensure you are getting the best deal.

For more information on king crab pricing and the factors that influence it, you can visit howmuchisit.org or globalseafoods.com.

Factors Affecting King Crab Worth

Several factors that can affect its price influence a whole king crab’s worth. Understanding these factors can help consumers make informed decisions when purchasing king crab. Here are two significant factors that affect the worth of king crab:

Harvesting Quotas And Supply

The quantity of king crab available for harvest and the quotas set by regulatory bodies play a crucial role in determining its worth. The crab population’s health and sustainability are essential considerations, and quotas are adjusted accordingly. If there is a decrease in the population, quotas may be lowered to protect the species and maintain the supply. This can result in higher prices due to reduced availability. On the other hand, if the population is robust and quotas are increased, prices may stabilize or even decrease due to higher supply.

In addition to quotas, external factors such as climate change can also impact the worth of king crab. Warmer waters or environmental changes can affect crab habitats and reproduction, decreasing supply and potentially driving prices up.

Foreign Trade And Market Demand

The global market demand for king crab, especially from countries like Japan, Russia, and the United States, can significantly impact its worth. Trade practices and regulations between countries can also influence prices. For example, if a country with a large king crab supply, such as Russia, has fewer regulations or sustainability practices compared to other countries, they may be able to sell their king crab at a lower price. This can create price disparities between different sources of king crab.

Foreign trade relationships and policies can also affect the worth of king crab. Trade disputes, tariffs, or changes in market conditions can result in fluctuations in prices. The demand for king crab in various countries can also change over time, reflecting shifts in consumer preferences and economic factors.

It is important to note that while king crab can be a luxury ingredient with a higher price tag, its taste and quality are highly regarded by seafood enthusiasts. Each factor influencing king crab’s worth contributes to this delicacy’s unique market dynamics.

You can refer to reliable seafood industry sources and market reports for more information on king crab and its worth.

King Crab Market Trends

Historical Changes In King Crab Prices

The price of king crab can vary significantly over time due to various factors such as supply and demand, fishing regulations, and market conditions. Here are some key historical trends in king crab prices:

• In recent years, the price of king crab has generally been on an upward trend. This can be attributed to increased demand, limited supply, and rising production costs.
• In Alaska, one of the main sources of king crab, the price has seen fluctuations over the years. The average price ranges from $25 to $45 per pound. However, it’s important to note that prices can vary depending on the catch’s size, quality, and availability.
• Norway, another major producer of king crab, is known for its premium quality crab. The average price in Norway can range from $40 to $70 per pound, making it one of the more expensive options on the market.
• Russia, a significant player in the king crab market, offers a mid-range price option. On average, the price in Russia can range from $30 to $50 per pound.
• Renowned for its high-quality seafood, Japan offers king crab at a premium price. The average price in Japan can range from $70 to $100 per pound, making it one of the most expensive options in the world.

Current Market Situation

As of now, the global king crab market is experiencing stability in terms of supply and demand. Here are some key insights into the current market situation:

• The price of king crab may vary depending on the country of origin, size, and quality of the crab.
• The retail price range for king crab in the United States is between $13 and $24 per kilogram or between $5.9 and $10.88 per pound.
• The market price for king crab in different countries can be influenced by factors such as transportation costs, import/export regulations, and local demand.
• It’s important to consider factors such as freshness, sustainability, and personal budget when purchasing king crab.
• King crab remains a coveted delicacy for seafood lovers around the world, and many consider it worth the price due to its delicious taste and impressive size.

To stay up to date with the latest market trends and prices for king crab, it is recommended to consult reputable seafood markets and specialty stores, both online and offline.

Source: King Crab Price Around the World: How Does it Compare?

King Crab Worth Calculation

Methods For Estimating King Crab’s Value

Calculating the worth of a king crab involves considering various factors contributing to its cost. Here are some methods used to estimate the value of a king crab:

1. Weight: One of the primary factors determining the worth of a whole king crab is its weight. The heavier the crab, the higher its price tends to be.

2. Size and Grades: King crabs are classified into different sizes and grades based on their quality and characteristics. The larger and higher-grade crabs are generally more expensive.

3. Market Demand: The demand for king crab, whether in domestic or international markets, significantly affects its value. Higher demand often leads to higher prices.

4. Seasonal Availability: King crab fishing is regulated by seasons, and the availability of king crab can fluctuate throughout the year. When supply is limited during certain seasons, prices tend to be higher.

5. Geographic Location: The location from which the king crab is sourced can also affect its worth. Different regions have their own market dynamics and costs associated with harvesting and transportation.

Comparison Of Whole King Crab Costs

The cost of a whole king crab can vary depending on several factors, including size, grade, and market conditions. Here is a comparison of the approximate costs for different varieties of whole king crab:

1. Alaskan Red King Crab:

• Average weight: 6-10 pounds
• Price range: $40-$50 per pound
• Availability: The most common variety of king crab

2. Alaskan Golden King Crab:

• Average weight: 3-6 pounds
• Price range: $50-$60 per pound
• Availability: Smaller in size compared to red king crab

3. Alaskan Blue King Crab:

• Average weight: 3-5 pounds
• Price range: $70-$80 per pound
• Availability: Less common and known for its distinct blue coloring

It’s important to note that these prices are approximate and can vary depending on market conditions, location, and other factors. Additionally, prices may be subject to change and can be higher during peak seasons or for larger-sized crabs.

When purchasing a whole king crab, it’s advisable to buy from reputable seafood suppliers who ensure quality and freshness. This guarantees that you are getting a fair value for your purchase.

Understanding the worth of a whole king crab can help you make informed decisions when buying and also give you a greater appreciation for the factors that contribute to its cost. So, whether you’re planning a special seafood feast or looking to indulge in a gourmet dining experience, knowing the value of a whole king crab can guide your choices.

FAQ: How Much Is a Whole King Crab Worth?

Q: How much does a whole king crab cost? A: The cost of a whole king crab can vary depending on several factors, such as size, location, and availability. On average, I plan on spending anywhere from $250 to $400 for a whole king crab.

Q: What is the average weight of a whole king crab? A: The average weight of a whole king crab is around 5 pounds.

Q: Where can I purchase a whole king crab? A: Whole king crabs can be purchased from various sources such as seafood markets, grocery stores, and online seafood suppliers. Some popular options include Costco, Sam’s Club, and reputable seafood websites.

Q: Do the prices of whole king crabs vary in different regions? A: Yes, the prices of whole king crabs can vary depending on your location. Factors such as shipping costs and availability can influence the price in different regions.

Q: How do I cook a whole king crab? A: Whole king crabs can be cooked by boiling, steaming, baking, or grilling. The cooking method and time may vary, so it’s recommended to follow a trusted recipe or seek advice from a seafood expert for the best results.

Q: Is buying a whole king crab more cost-effective than individual legs? A: Buying a whole king crab can be more cost-effective compared to purchasing individual legs, especially if you plan to consume a larger quantity or serve a larger group of people. However, it ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences.

Q: Are there any alternatives to whole king crab that offer a similar taste? A: Yes, alternative crab options such as snow crab or Dungeness crab offer a similar taste and can be more affordable than whole king crab. These alternatives are also popular among seafood enthusiasts.

Q: Can I purchase a whole king crab online? A: Yes, whole king crabs are available for purchase online from reputable seafood suppliers. However, it’s important to be cautious of the source and ensure that you are buying from a trusted seller to guarantee quality and freshness.

Q: Are there any additional costs associated with purchasing a whole king crab online? A: Additional costs such as shipping fees and minimum order requirements may exist when purchasing a whole king crab online. It’s important to review the terms and conditions of the online retailer before making a purchase.

Q: Is a whole king crab worth the price? A: The worthiness of a whole king crab is a subjective matter. Whole king crabs are known for their large size, meaty legs, and delicious flavor. If you are a seafood enthusiast with a discerning palate and can afford the splurge, a whole king crab can be a delectable treat. However, alternative crab choices are available if you are on a budget or looking for more affordable options. Ultimately, the decision of whether a whole king crab is worth it or not depends on your personal preferences, budget, and occasion.

Conclusion

After considering the various factors determining the worth of a king crab, it is evident that the price can vary significantly depending on factors such as size, quality, availability, and location. Here is a summary of the key takeaways:

• The standard price per pound for king crab ranges from $60 to $70, but this can vary based on market conditions and other factors.
• Alaska is known for its abundant king crab population and offers relatively affordable options compared to other countries, with prices ranging from $25 to $45 per pound.
• Norway is known for its superior quality king crab, but it comes at a higher price range of $40 to $70 per pound.
• Russia offers a mid-range option with prices ranging from $30 to $50 per pound, and it is known for its large and flavorful king crab.
• Japan offers premium quality king crab, but it is the most expensive option, with prices ranging from $70 to $100 per pound.

When determining the worth of a whole king crab, it is essential to consider the following key considerations:

• Budget: King crab can be a luxurious and expensive option, so it is important to consider your budget and whether it aligns with the desired purchase.
• Occasion: King crab is often indulged in for special occasions and gourmet dining experiences, which may make it worth the price for those seeking a unique and memorable culinary experience.
• Personal Preferences: King crab offers a distinct taste, texture, and size, which some seafood enthusiasts find worth the splurge. However, other types of crab, such as snow crab or Dungeness crab, offer a similar experience at a lower cost.

In conclusion, the worth of a whole king crab is subjective and depends on individual preferences, budget, and occasion. It is a luxury ingredient that offers exceptional taste and quality but comes with a higher price tag. Consider your personal factors and make an informed decision when purchasing a whole king crab.

For more information on king crab and its market prices, refer to reputable seafood suppliers and resources.

To see the Benelli M4 in action, check out the video above. For more gun content, make sure to subscribe to Pew Pew Tactical on YouTube.

Tactical shotguns are favorites among the home-defense crowd, known for their reliable performance and ability to adapt to close quarters environments.

And the Benelli M4 is no exception. This Italian 12-gauge has a reputation for being a solid autoloading shotgun with style, unlike most others.

But what makes this shotgun so good?

Well, we’re going to find out today as we explore the legendary M4. Spoiler alert: it’s a beast.

I’m going to run you through the specs and features; then, we’ll take it to the range here in my home state of Tennessee and at Thunder Ranch in Oregon.

By the end of this article, I might just have you convinced why I think the M4 is one of the best combat shotguns on the market.

So, if you’ve ever caught yourself gazing at the M4 and wondering, “what if,” keep reading…

Let’s get the boring stuff out of the way first.

The M4 is a 12-gauge automatic shotgun with a barrel that sits at 18.5-inches. It eats 2 3/4 or 3-inch shells and comes in a few different models.

Mine happens to be the anodized black version.

It weighs in at a hefty 7.8-pounds with an overall length of 40-inches.

Controls sit where you expect, with the cross-bolt safety located where you need it.

Some say the bolt release is a little small, but I think it’s okay.

The ergonomics are fantastic on this shotgun. That over-molded pistol grip feels big and solid — perfect for handling heavier loads.

(By the way, I think for a combat shotgun, you need to go with a pistol grip.)

On the front, the M4 shipped with a plastic front grip.

It was okay, but I opted for an aftermarket M-LOK handguard so I could add a flashlight down the road.

As far as aesthetics, the M4 looks great.

The Benelli branding is minimal and super clean – though I have no idea why an Italian gun has an American flag on it. Regardless, I like it.

It didn’t come with much, just a box and the gun itself. So, I added one of our own Pew Pew Tactical Flatline rifle straps and a red dot.

ARGO

As I mentioned, this gun is a beast. It runs and runs well, but what makes it all work?

At the heart of the M4 rests the Auto-Regulating Gas-Operated system.

The ARGO system offers a short-stroke, dual-piston design. It was originally created and approved for use by the U.S. Marines in 1998.

And this bad boy thrives on heavier loads. Not to mention, the pistons are self-cleaning.

But if you do need to clean it, it all field strips super easy with no tools. It’s a ridiculously simple design.

Personally, I love that it is self-cleaning, not because I’m afraid to clean a gun. But because it runs clean.

The M4 will run forever in the field, and you won’t have to worry about reliability.

Why So Expensive?

Get the aloe, y’all…this is going to burn.

Depending on the setup, MSRP on the Benelli M4 comes in between $2,000 and $2,300.

Street price is $1,800 to $1,900 unless you want the collapsible stock…which is unobtanium.

And if you do find one, expect to double the price of the gun.

Full disclosure, I paid full pandemic price for mine – buy once, cry like six times.

Why is this gun so darn expensive?

Blame it on the Italians, man. Italian shotguns have long held the reputation for being premium builds with top-of-the-line pricing.

While $2,300 seems steep, compared to other Italian guns (like Beretta’s DT11 topping out at $20,000…no typo there), it’s kind of a steal at $2K.

But really, with the M4, you pay for the reliability.

This shotgun will literally go through the apocalypse with you. You can’t stop it.

And that tends to be well worth the price, especially if you consider it for defensive purposes.

With all that said and done, let’s talk about how it did at the range…

How Does the M4 Shoot?

I took the M4 to Thunder Ranch for a private shotgun class with Clint Smith.

TV Guide version: it feels like a precision machine – smooth and easy.

Back home in Tennessee, I used Kent number 7 alongside some higher brass turkey loads, which I think are Winchester.

One of the things I like about this gun is the trigger. It’s short, light, and crisp. No complaints here.

Combat loading on the M4 feels super clean. You just drop in a shell, hit that release, and you’re ready to rock and roll.

The rubber on the stock and the overall weight eat a lot of the recoil, meaning you can run this all day without needing to see your chiropractor.

Accuracy-wise…it gets the job done. I mean, the Marines use it for a reason. I brought out a bag of Granny Smith apples for my testing because blowing stuff up with shotguns is a good time.

I also used rifled slugs to touch out to 100-yards.

How’d she do? Just fine. Again, smooth is the word of the day, and that’s how she ran.

Even with the stock iron sights, the M4 just works. I eventually added a Sig Sauer Romeo 5 to mine, and that ups the ante.

(If you need some optics suggestions, check out our guide to the Best Red Dots for Shotguns.)

Downsides to the M4

Now, everything has a downside. There’s no such thing as perfect, and the M4 has a flaw – the capacity.

Because of our wonderful government and 922R nonsense, all M4s come as a 5+1. That’s kind of lame.

Also, you may hear guys on the internet say the M4 doesn’t do so well with light loads. In my experience, it eats light loads just as well as it eats the big stuff.

Again, it’s durable and built like a tank, but it’s heavy. Fully loaded, it sits at over 10-pounds, so eat your Wheaties.

Also, once more, there’s the price. This gun ain’t cheap.

And the aftermarket goodies are high too. The entire M4 market is a little out of control. Blame John Wick. And the Italians. And the Marines.

But speaking of the aftermarket…

Benelli M4 Upgrades

One of my favorite things about the Benelli M4 is the upgrades…there’s a lot! From foregrips to magazine tubes to optics and lights, you can customize what you want.

Need some help getting started?

Off the bat, swap out the standard sights for some Meprolight Night Sights.

Then throw on a red dot. I used the Sig Sauer Romeo 5, but the Trijicon RMR works too.

While we’re talking optics if you want to mount the optic low enough to co-witness with irons, grab a Scalarworks Mount.

Remember how I said it has a low capacity? You can work around that with a Mesa Tactical Sureshell Carrier.

Also, grab an M-LOK handguard to throw on some accessories. One of our other writers, Travis, prefers the Strike Industries Hayl Rail.

In fact, Travis has a whole article dedicated to his favorite Benelli M4 upgrades.

By the Numbers

Reliability: 5/5

Some guys on the interweb have complained about trouble with birdshot. For me and multiple thousands of rounds of birdshot, the M4 is perhaps the most reliable gun I’ve ever run.

Ergonomics: 4/5

The big grip is fantastic, and the controls are solid. The foregrip it comes with is so-so but is an easy replacement for something bigger.

Accuracy: 5/5

Rifled slugs at 100-yards? Fuggedaboutit.

Customization: 5/5

The aftermarket for the M4 is robust, albeit overpriced — lots of options for magazine tubs, night sites, rails, handguards, and more. OK, maybe not as many options as we’re used to in the AR world…but for a shotgun, the Benelli is the top of the heap for dialing in your gun.

Value: 4/5

You get a LOT for the price. But boy, that price…

Overall: 4.5/5

This is a little odd because I call the M4 the best combat shotgun on planet Earth…so shouldn’t it be a 5/5? Well, that price is painful, and it’s heavy. And I think most folks will want to swap out a couple of things on their stock Benelli. So yeah, it’s a crazy solid gun…but still sitting at a 4.5.

Conclusion

Benelli’s M4 stands as a shining example of what a good Italian auto shotgun can do.

Far and away, it’s the best combat shotgun on the market. This autoloader looks great, runs smooth, offers up a certain cool factor, and you can trust your life to it.

It earns two huge thumbs up for me. Without hesitation, I recommend you run out and buy an M4.

PPT Writer, Travis Pike, contributed to this review.

Again, to see the Benelli M4 in action, check out the video below.

What do you think of the Benelli M4? Let us know in the comments below. For more combat-style shotguns, make sure to peep our list of the Best Home Defense Tactical Shotguns.

One of the most often-asked questions in bow hunting is what peep sight size should I be using?

Sorry to disappoint, there isn’t a black and white answer that would instantly custom match you with the right peep size for your setup. There are more than a couple factors that you need to consider before you get all gung-ho on going with the smallest or largest size you can find.

Like everything to do with bows, there’s quite a bit that goes into answering this question since it has a lot to do with your setup, hunting style, and vision.

We’ll talk you through the ins and outs of big and small peep sight sizes. By the end, you may be closer to determining what size will do you right in the field whether you’re sticking it out during the day, you’re out at first and last light, in the stand, or long-range hunting.

Peep Sights VS No Peep Sights

You know this has to be addressed. For the many peep users out there, there are just as many that go without. But, what exactly is a peep sight? It’s a string attachment that ensures line of sight alignment between your eye using the peep, sight housing, and the target.

Peep Sight Pros & Cons

Pros:

• Encourages consistent form/anchor point
• Enhance sight picture focus
• Can improve aim and accuracy
• Easy to use
• Inexpensive
• Available in various sizes

Cons:

• Can only use one eye
• Darkens sight picture
• Can twist out of place when string becomes worn

Of course, going peepless also has its own set of benefits. It forces you to become intimately familiar with consistent anchor points so you have the same form when shooting as when you sighted in your bow. You’ll also have instant low light visibility improvement, faster target acquisition time, and obviously you won’t have to deal with any peep sight alignment issues.

However, it takes practice and effort to get used to going peepless and making it an effective move on your part. Heavy emphasis on form can’t be overstated. Like many things to do with bows and shooting, you either like it or you don’t.

A vast majority of bow shooters still use peep sights, and they’re often pre-installed when you purchase your bow. With that in mind, here’s some peep sight sizes that could do it right for your type of hunting style.

Small Peep Sights for Hunting

Peeps with small diameter sizes are known to improve accuracy. Target and competition shooters may sport small peep sights because they offer a narrow aiming window.

During normal lighting conditions that are expected with daylight hunting, a small peep can actually offer better sight picture clarity since the aperture allows for enhanced focus on the target downrange.

However, if lighting conditions were to change such as going from open areas to thick timber with heavy shading or when it’s low light, your sight picture will become dark. Those with vision problems may not benefit from using a small peep right off the bat.

So, it goes without saying that a small peep would be suitable for hunters who require extreme accuracy, say for game with small kill zones. It would only be appropriate for daylight hunting when there’s as much light as possible, and only those with average to excellent eyesight could take advantage of a small peep.

Small peep sight sizes can include 1/32″, 3/64″, 1/16″, 3/32″, and 1/8″ being the largest of this lot.

It’s worth mentioning that long axle to axle bows would pair well with small peeps since the string comes closer to the eye.

Large Peep Sights for Hunting

Peeps with larger diameter sizes may not be as accurate-driven as small peep sights. They’re geared towards allowing more light in for a brighter sight picture in low light conditions or in heavily shaded areas. They’d also be appropriate for close range hunting to take advantage of the full field of view to appropriately aim your pin on the target.

Those with problematic eyesight and vision problems would be better suited with a large peep sight for hunting. Sacrificing the accuracy expected of a small peep size within forgivable boundaries in hunting is acceptable because of the large kill zones on animals such as deer and elk.

However, even if you prefer the larger peep size, you’ll still need it to properly fit your sight picture. If you have too much floating space around the sight housing ring while looking through the peep, you will run into accuracy and form issues.

If you’re a hunter that takes advantage of first and last legal light, may have aging eyes, and may be shooting from a stand and taking close range shots, then you might want to consider a bigger peep size.

Short axle to axle bows also pair well with large peeps since they have sharp string angles that forces the peep further away from the eye.

Large peep sizes can include 3/16″, 7/32″, 1/4″, and 5/16″.

How to Use a Peep Sight

Knowing how to use a peep sight might help you to determine what the best peep sight size will be for your setup. The most popular sizing method is to opt for the peep that fits the sight housing ring. What do we mean by this? There are two different ways to use a peep sight.

Method 1:

At full draw, you center the pin you need to aim with within the middle of the peep sight. Depending on what pin you use, you may or may not see part of the top or bottom of the sight housing within the peep sight view.

Method 2:

The entire sight housing ring must match the peep sight ring. You have an unobstructed view of all pins, full field of view, and the sight housing ring matches perfectly with the peep sight.

Method 2 is the recommended way to use a peep sight since it encourages you to choose the most appropriate peep size for your setup. It also ensures your anchor point remains the same regardless of what pin you need to aim with. Slightly move at the waist to get the right pin on your target’s kill zone.

Method 1 is still used by some, however, it can cause a drop in your anchor point to get your bottom pins centered. Moving your anchor point means inconsistent form, reduced accuracy, and can be a complete miss.

Trying out a few different sizes while at a dealer will also help to narrow down what size works best for your setup. If you plan on using the same bow for multiple activities no matter the time of day or lighting conditions, you can save time finding the right peep sight size and opt for a specialty peep sight.

Specialty Archery Peep Sights

These types of sights may be adjustable in diameter, easily interchangeable to be transferred from bow to bow, and are completely compatible to be used with different bow sights. They are typically more expensive than your average one-size peep, but the cost may be worth it if your needs require the specialty features.

You might also be interested in what peep accessories such as a clarifier and verifier can do for your sight picture.

Only You Know the Answer

Outfitting the perfect peep to match your setup is a personal touch. Your vision is needed to confirm whether a certain peep will work for you.

Although trying out different peeps might be tedious, it’ll be worth it in the end. Taking the time to properly prep your gear for the hunt will improve your odds for success. At the very least, you won’t be one of them who loses the shot for whatever reason because you have the wrong size peep!

Further Reading

• How to Measure Scope Ring Height (With Pics & Calculations)
• How to Adjust a Rifle Scope: 6 Scope Adjustments Explained!
• How to Level a Scope on a Rifle [Step-by-Step With Pics]
• What is a Rifle Scope Ruler (Mildot Master) & How to Use It?
• What is a Prism Scope? Prism VS Reflex VS LPVO!

Affiliate Disclosure: This page contains affiliate links. We earn from qualifying purchases.

In recent years, expensive high-end specialty loads—some with price tags of $75 or more—have dominated the shotshell aisles when it comes to spring turkey hunting. And that’s easy to understand as the combination of great hunting techniques, specialty choke tubes, and high-end ammunition products combine to help hunters fill a tag or two on America’s grand game bird of the springtime woods.

So, we asked the question: Are there affordable shotshells available, for say under $40, that will still knock down an old wise gobbler while he struts? Yes, if you know where to look. Better yet, just like what lesser-priced shotshell offerings did for decades prior to the super shot revolution in turkey loads, these more economical loads still put a gobbler’s fan on the wall and a hefty longbeard on the dinner table.

Many of these are available at your local hunting retailer, and some are even on sale right now. If you can’t find them in your own backyard, they are readily available at major online retailers.

Federal Grand Slam

A reliable offering from Federal Premium Ammunition, the Grand Slam turkey load uses the Minnesota company’s FLITECONTROL FLEX wad system, which opens from the rear for a controlled release of pellets and pattern density shot after shot, and works in both ported choke tubes and standard choke tubes at the end of the barrel in your turkey scattergun. With an advanced buffering compound kept in place by a roll crimp and clear card wad, the buffering in the shotshell prevents pellet deformation as the copper-plated lead shot travels exits the barrel and choke at 1200 fps. With 10 shotshells (2 3/4-inches) in the box and a portion of the proceeds donated to the National Wild Turkey Federation, this shotshell will help you take a gobbler this spring in the local woods and across the country as you finish out your wild turkey Grand Slam. federalpremium.com | $24.99

Federal Premium 3rd Degree

This shotshell from Federal Premium Ammunition actually gets hunters into the specialty turkey load market, without breaking the bank. That’s thanks to Federal’s 3rd Degree turkey load that combines the Minnesota company’s FLITECONTROL FLEX wad and a three-stage payload blend of #5 copper-plated lead shot, #6 FLITESTOPPER lead, and 18g/cc #7 HEAVYWEIGHT TSS (Tungsten Super Shot). The result according to Federal is pattern forgiveness at close ranges, a lethal knockout at mid-range, and extra-dense, high-energy deadly patterns at ranges of 40 yards or more. It’s a bank account friendly, super-charged turkey shotshell that works no matter the shot situation you are presented with this spring. And as with the Grand Slam from Federal Premium, a portion of the proceeds on this mid-30 dollar range box of shotshells will go to the NWTF to help ensure gobblers are roaming the woods for years to come. federalpremium.com | $35.99

Fiocchi Golden Turkey

Last year, Fiocchi updated its Golden Turkey Load. With three-inch shells using nickel-plated lead shot, an improved wad, and clean-burning powders, the result is a simple shotshell that remains the gold standard for many gobbler-getters. Whether you’re shooting a 12-gauge and wanting #4, #5, or #6 shot sizes, or a 20-gauge and #5 and #6 shot sizes, these shotshells feature 1 3/4-oz. loads and 1 1/4-oz. loads respectively. And with a 1200 fps payload, high-grade construction, and dense patterns downrange, it’s hard not to like these loads, especially since they check in at under $20. fiocchiusa.com | $19.99

HEVI-Shot HEVI-METAL Turkey

HEVI-Shot is legendary among waterfowl hunters who need a shotshell that can knock down greenheads at the edge of effective range, or a 20-plus pound Canada goose dropping down into a spread as winds blow during a December snowstorm. But the company is also known for its other high-performance shotshells, and nothing changes in that reputation when we’re talking about a box of HEVI-METAL Turkey loads featuring a blend of #4 and #5 pellets. Add in the company’s Pattern Density Technology to layer in those pellets—including a layer of 30-percent HEVI-Bismuth #5 shot and a layer of 70-percent #4 steel shot-and the result is a hard-hammering load at an amazingly friendly price-point. hevishot.com | $17.99

Kent Ultimate Turkey

Kent is no stranger in the shotshell-making game, producing great waterfowl and upland bird hunting shotshells for years, making them a favorite in many hunter’s duck blinds and hunting vests. But they also produce great turkey hunting shotshells, too, with a price tag that makes them look like they’re left over from a generation ago. Except, they’re not, they’re the latest shotshell from the West Virginia-based ammunition brand that helps turn out the lights every year on lots of wily old mountain toms, swamp gobblers, and prairie strutters. With the Kent Ultimate Turkey Diamond Shot load, hunters in 2024 get consistent tight patterning thanks to Kent’s high antimony, super-hard Diamond Shot loads in #4 and #5 shot sizes. Add in custom blended powders to go with the uniform pellets, and the result on the patterning board is a tight swarm of pellets. kentcartridge.com | $14.95

Remington Nitro Turkey

Growing up, I was a Remington guy, much like some families are Ford and others are Chevy. I didn’t know any different since the local Gibson’s store where I saved up and bought my first shotgun—yup, a Remington 870—carried the line from the famed American gun maker and ammunition maker that fell on hard times in recent years. With the purchase a while back of Remington’s ammo brands by Federal Premium Ammunition, the chance to run a Remington shell is still there for my 870 (a different one since the original one was stolen out of my truck after a dove hunt) thanks to the Remington Nitro Turkey loads that carry copper-plated, buffered loads that gets delivered by a blended powder recipe. Add in a Power Piston one-piece wad, along with a 1 7/8-oz. payload of shot whistling downrange at 1210 fps and the 80-percent pattern density will still kill a longbeard deader than a hammer. remington.com | $14.99

Winchester Long Beard XR

In years gone by, most turkey hunters kept their shotgun shooting ranges dialed in at 40 yards or less. But with the advent of great turkey hunting specialty chokes and high-performance loads with TSS (Tungsten Super Shot), bismuth, and more, those effective range distances have been extended in recent years. And thanks to Winchester, that’s true with a 12-gauge or a 20-gauge load that doesn’t break the bank, delivered with the company’s tried-and-true Long Beard XR load. That load has been a winner for Winchester and is billed as the most innovative turkey load ever developed by the longtime leader in ammo manufacturing. That’s achieved thanks to Winchester’s Shot-Lok Technology, which helps bring about amazing consistency and longer downrange capabilities with dense patterns hitting overwhelming a 10-inch circle out to 60-yards. While offering the knockdown power of higher priced loads, this shell delivers a deadly punch to a gobbler’s noggin at an easy to digest price-point, while still allowing turkey hunters to push the limits of what they once thought possible when a longbeard would hang up and refuse to come another step closer. winchester.com | $24.99

Winchester Super-X Turkey Load

This is a tried-and-true turkey load that has given out a RIP dinner table invite to countless longbeards over the years, my household included. With the Super-X line being a part of Winchester’s lineup in some capacity since 1922, the Super-X series has made lots of wingshooters happy down through the decades, including gobbler-getters like myself. That’s because those hunters have come to rely on the Super-X Turkey load’s copper-plated hard shot, custom blend of powders, and Grex Buffering, which combine to deliver tight patterns at long ranges, a high-velocity payload that turns the lights out on a spring turkey noisily strutting about, and cost-effectiveness. In short, this is a well-rated and dependable shotshell from one of America’s legendary ammunition brands that continues to deliver high-quality construction, superior in-the-field performance, and economic value for hunters looking to fill a turkey tag or two. Even if they don’t want to spend most of a Ben Franklin $100 bill on the shotshells that they put into their turkey vests this spring. winchester.com | $11

Air rifles are becoming increasingly popular as a method for hunting small game animals.

They offer a relatively quiet and efficient way of hunting, making them appealing to both experienced hunters and newcomers.

With a variety of calibers and powerplants to choose from, air rifles can be customized to suit the type of game one intends to target.

This versatility ensures that air rifle hunting can be a satisfying pastime for individuals with varying interests and skill levels.

For those looking to hunt small game such as squirrels, rabbits, and birds, an air rifle is an ideal tool for the job.

Equipped with the right ammunition, one can achieve a humane and precise kill that relies on accuracy rather than brute force.

Smaller calibers such as .177 are typically used for hunting birds, while larger calibers like .22 are well-suited for furry animals like rabbits and squirrels.

When considering which air rifle to use for hunting, it is important to research the specific hunting laws in one’s state, as they can vary significantly.

Some states may allow the use of air rifles for hunting larger game, while others may have specific guidelines regarding the type of animals that may be hunted with air-powered firearms.

By understanding these regulations, hunters can ensure that their air rifle hunting activities are both safe and legal.

Legalities and Hunting Regulations

When it comes to hunting with air rifles, understanding the legalities and regulations is essential before you head into the field.

Here we will explore license requirements, prohibited species, and hunting seasons.

License Requirements

In general, a hunting license is required to hunt with an air rifle.

License requirements vary from state to state.

Some states may have specific regulations for air rifle hunting, while others may treat air rifles as traditional firearms.

It is crucial to check with your state’s Department of Wildlife or similar agency to determine the proper license(s) needed.

Prohibited Species

Not all animals can be hunted with an air rifle.

States have specific regulations on which species are allowed to be hunted using this type of weapon.

Commonly permitted game includes:

• Small game: such as rabbits, squirrels, and woodchucks
• Upland birds: such as grouse, pheasant, and quail
• Certain predators: such as raccoons and foxes

On the other hand, some states only allow air rifles for hunting game smaller than deer or bears.

It’s crucial to consult your state’s hunting laws to ensure you are within legal parameters.

Hunting Seasons

Hunting seasons for air rifle users generally follow the same seasons as traditional firearms or archery.

Depending on the state, there may be special seasons designated specifically for air rifles.

Keeping track of relevant hunting seasons, such as:

• Small game: typically open during the fall and winter months
• Upland bird hunting: varies by state, with seasons ranging from late summer to early winter
• Predator hunting: often year-round, with some seasonal restrictions depending on the species

Remember to stay informed about your state’s hunting regulations and season dates to avoid penalties and ensure a safe and enjoyable hunting experience.

Air Rifle Calibers for Hunting

When it comes to hunting with air rifles, choosing the right caliber is crucial to achieve a humane and effective kill.

Let’s take a look at a few various calibers suitable for hunting different types of game.

.177 Caliber

The .177 caliber air rifle is the smallest and most common caliber.

It has the longest range and is suitable for hunting small game, like squirrels and rats up to 60 to 80 yards.

With its lower power and muzzle energy, .177 caliber is best suited for smaller game and pest control.

.22 Caliber

Moving up in size, the .22 caliber air rifle offers more power and is ideal for hunting small to medium-sized game, such as rabbits and squirrels.

It can push a 14.3-grain .22-caliber pellet upwards of 850 fps.

.25 Caliber

.25 caliber air rifles provide even more power, making them a good choice for larger pests like raccoons, opossums, and woodchucks.

The increased caliber size offers more energy upon impact, which can be helpful when hunting these types of animals.

.30 Caliber

The .30 caliber air rifle is a solid choice for those looking to pursue mid-sized game, such as hogs and coyotes.

With even more muzzle energy and a larger projectile, this caliber offers a balance between precision and power, making it suitable for hunting these types of animals.

.35 Caliber

.35 caliber air rifles are a popular choice among hunters who are targeting larger game.

Some states have a minimum caliber requirement of .35 for airgun hunting, and this caliber provides a significant increase in power compared to smaller calibers.

With at least 400-foot pounds of energy at the muzzle, it is sufficient for taking down larger game.

.45 Caliber

For even larger game, a .45 caliber air rifle is recommended.

Producing 700 to 800 ft.-lbs. of energy, this caliber is suitable for hunting whitetail-sized animals.

The increased energy and bigger projectile size contribute to a more effective and humane kill.

.50 Caliber

Finally, the .50 caliber air rifle is the largest and most powerful option for airgun hunters.

Best suited for big game, this caliber offers top-level power and velocity, ensuring the highest chances of a successful and humane hunt.

It’s essential to check local laws and regulations, as not all states permit the use of .50 caliber air rifles for hunting.

Remember that regardless of the caliber you choose, practicing shot placement and knowing the limitations of your air rifle is crucial to ensure a humane and ethical hunting experience.

Choosing the Right Air Rifle

Accuracy

When selecting an air rifle for hunting, accuracy is crucial. You’ll want a gun that consistently hits the target, allowing for clean, ethical shots.

Spring- or gas-piston-powered airguns are recommended for small game hunting, offering the necessary velocity for an accurate shot.

Some factors that influence accuracy include pellet type, gun weight, and the shooter’s skill.

To maximize accuracy, it’s essential to practice regularly and familiarize yourself with the rifle before hunting.

Power and Range

The power and range of your air rifle mainly determine the type of game you can hunt.

The most popular air rifle calibers are .177 and .22.

The .177 caliber provides a more powerful impact, thanks to its lighter weight and greater kinetic energy. However, for larger game or more extended ranges, consider a .30 to .35 caliber air rifle, which can shoot Diabolo pellets at 50 to 100 ft-lb.

These higher-caliber air rifles can be used for hunting small game or predators.

Keep in mind, though, that air rifles for big game hunting should have at least 300-foot pounds of energy (fpe) to ensure an ethical kill.

Not all air rifles can achieve this power, so always check the rifle’s specifications and consult with local game laws.

Popular Models

There are several popular air rifle models on the market suitable for hunting.

It’s essential to research and select an air rifle that suits your hunting needs and complies with local regulations.

Factors such as accuracy, power, range, and your preferred game type will help you make an informed decision.

Recommended Air Rifles for Hunting

When it comes to air rifle hunting, there are various options available that cater to a range of different game animals.

Three top air rifles suitable for hunting are the Airforce Texan, Hatsan Piledriver, and Umarex Hammer. Each of these air rifles offers unique features and capabilities.

Airforce Texan

The Airforce Texan is a popular air rifle for hunters.

This high-power, pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) rifle comes in various calibers (.257, .308, .357, and .457), allowing the hunter to choose the perfect caliber for the game they are targeting.

With power levels of up to 500 ft-lbs, this air rifle has both the capacity and accuracy necessary for some larger game.

This air rifle features:

• PCP system for powerful and consistent shooting
• Top-loading air tank for easy refilling
• Adjustable power settings
• Rifle length: 48 inches; weight: 8 pounds

Hatsan Piledriver

The Hatsan Piledriver is another high-quality choice for airgun hunting enthusiasts.

Delivering muzzle energies of up to an impressive 800 ft-lbs, this powerful PCP air rifle is available in .45 and .50 calibers, suitable for various game animals.

Some notable features of the Hatsan Piledriver include:

• PCP system with a large air reservoir for longer shooting sessions
• Side-lever action for easy cocking and reloading
• Quiet Energy Technology (QET), reducing the noise emitted when fired
• Rifle length: 44.3 inches; weight: 10.6 pounds

Umarex Hammer

For hunters looking for a versatile air rifle that packs a punch, the Umarex Hammer might just be the answer.

This PCP-powered rifle sports a unique configuration that allows it to shoot both .50 caliber bullets and arrows. With a 4,500 psi air tank, the Umarex Hammer has up to 700 ft-lbs of energy.

Key features of the Umarex Hammer include:

• Muzzle Energy Selector (MES), allowing for customized power levels
• Lightweight design, weighing only 8.5 pounds without a scope
• Air tank capacity for up to 5 shots per fill
• Rifle length: 43.75 inches

These three air rifles offer a variety of options for airgun hunters, from PCP systems to different calibers and power levels.

Depending on the specific game targeted, one of these rifles is sure to help achieve a successful hunting experience.

Types of Pellets and Ammunition

When hunting with an air rifle, choosing the right type of pellets and ammunition is essential for a successful and ethical hunt.

Let’s explore the different types of pellets and ammunition available for air rifles, such as pellet weight, hollow-point pellets, and shotgun ammunition.

Pellet Weight

The weight of a pellet plays a significant role in its accuracy, velocity, and energy upon impact.

Lighter pellets typically have higher velocities but may be more affected by wind and air resistance.

Heavier pellets, on the other hand, have slower velocities but offer better penetration and accuracy, especially at longer distances.

Some popular options for airgun ammunition include:

• .177 Caliber: Ideal for small game hunting and target shooting
• .22 Caliber: A versatile option for medium-sized game and pest control
• .25 Caliber: Suitable for larger game and providing more knockdown power

Hollow-Point Pellets

Hollow-point pellets feature a hollowed-out cavity in their nose, which allows the pellet to expand upon impact.

This expansion increases the pellet’s surface area and energy transfer, resulting in better penetration, greater shock, and more effective wound channels in your prey.

Hollow-point pellets are especially effective for hunting small game and pest control.

Some airguns, like the AirForce International 94 Spring .25 caliber, consistently shoot 18-grain domed pellets at 700 feet per second, making them an excellent choice for hunting small game animals like squirrels or rabbits.

Shotgun Ammunition

In addition to traditional pellets, some air rifles can also be used with shotgun ammunition.

This type of ammunition features multiple projectiles, which provide a more extensive shot pattern and increased chances of hitting your target.

Shotgun ammunition for air rifles typically comes in .357 to .50 caliber sizes.

In conclusion, understanding the different pellet types and ammunition options is crucial in making the right choice for your air rifle hunting needs.

It’s also essential to consult your state’s hunting laws and guidelines to ensure that you are using the correct caliber and energy for the specific game you are hunting.

Remember to always practice safe and ethical hunting.

Hunting Small Game with Air Rifles

When it comes to hunting small game, air rifles can be an efficient and effective tool.

They are often quieter and less expensive than traditional firearms, making them popular among hunters who pursue squirrels, rabbits, and various species of birds.

Let’s look at how air rifles can be used for hunting these common small game animals.

Squirrels

Squirrels can be an entertaining and challenging target for air rifle hunters.

These nimble creatures are quick and agile, making them difficult to hit at times.

A quality air rifle with decent accuracy and power is crucial for successful squirrel hunting.

Many hunters find that a .22 caliber air rifle firing at 1070 fps, such as the Hatsan BullBoss, provides the ideal balance between power and precision.

When hunting squirrels, it’s important to aim for the head or heart to ensure a quick and ethical kill.

Patience is also key, as these critters can be quite wary and may take some time before revealing themselves.

Rabbits

Rabbits are another popular target for air rifle hunters.

Like squirrels, they can be skittish and require a stealthy approach.

The use of an air rifle allows hunters to get closer without alerting their quarry, increasing the odds of a successful hunt.

An air rifle with sufficient power for hunting rabbits should be chosen. Some hunters opt for .22 caliber rifles, while others prefer more powerful options like the .35 caliber.

Again, a well-placed head or heart shot is vital to ensure a humane kill.

Birds

Birds are a diverse and challenging group of small game animals to hunt with an air rifle.

Some hunters focus on pigeons, while others target crows or even larger game birds like pheasants.

Regardless of the specific bird species, an air rifle must have both accuracy and power to be effective.

It’s crucial to know the energy requirements for the particular bird species being hunted, as it will determine the necessary features of the air rifle.

For example, a .22 caliber air rifle might be suitable for smaller birds like pigeons, while a larger caliber and higher energy output (e.g. .45 or .50 caliber) may be necessary for hunting whitetail-sized game.

Accuracy, patience, and a keen understanding of hunting regulations in your state are essential components in the successful and ethical pursuit of small game animals with air rifles.

Larger Game Hunting with Air Rifles

Air rifles are not just for plinking cans or shooting small pests.

With the development of big-bore airguns, hunters can now ethically harvest larger game animals such as hogs, deer, and coyotes.

Let’s take a look at the possibilities and challenges of hunting larger game with air rifles.

Hogs

Hunting hogs with air rifles is becoming increasingly popular among hunters.

Powerful airguns such as .45- and .50-caliber air rifles are capable of delivering enough energy to

Long before Jack Carr was noticed for raising two pet moose, he was already famous.

An Alaska mail carrier at the turn of the 20th century, Carr spent his days crisscrossing the territory by dog sled, delivering mail between the Last Frontier and the contiguous United States.

In this role, Carr brought news of Alaska to a national audience. He was the first to confirm the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897, when he brought the news of gold to Seattle, the New York Times reported more than a century ago.

Only later, after moving to Washington state, did Carr procure and train two moose. He named them in honor of President William Taft and Taft’s daughter, Helen. The unusual pets brought Carr’s name to the headlines once again.

Despite the novelty and interest surrounding his pet moose, he wasn’t the only one domesticating moose during that era. From Fairbanks to Skagway, stories of pet ungulates were making the news.

‘Moose will go on vaudeville stage’

Carr’s name is scattered among various publications of the time, where he described the advances and ills of the era, from the destitute miners spending their scant money at saloons to the bustling population of Dawson City.

He took the first mail from Circle City by dog team in 1896, mushing down to Skagway, the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner wrote in 1960. The next year he purportedly traveled from St. Michael, at the mouth of the Yukon River, to Seattle. His journey took only 87 days, the article says, not including the days he rested.

By 1898, Carr was described as “one of the most famous mail carriers and travelers” among Yukon pioneers by the Klondike Nugget, based in Dawson City.

A few years later, Carr was again on the move.

A 1906 article from the Fairbanks Daily Times says that Carr, “the greatest of all mushers,” had “quit the business.” He and his wife were heading to Seattle, ending his mail contract between the Yukon-Koyukuk region.

The couple had already sold a trading post they owned in Fort Yukon. Carr had also secured a gold mining claim that “relieve(d) him from any further necessity of mushing or doing anything else save watching the other fellows work,” the article says.

(The later News-Miner article says, though, that he was still mushing in Alaska in 1908, so there is some discrepancy as to the end of his mail-carrying career. At some point, though, he ended up back in Interior Alaska, with two baby moose by his side.)

In November 1909, his image appeared in the Seattle Daily Times next to two moose calves. The article was dug up by Elizabeth Cook of the Tanana-Yukon Historical Society.

“Moose Will go on Vaudeville Stage,” the article’s headline proclaims. “Jack Carr, Pioneer of Alaska, Educating Animals He Caught in Far North for Theatrical Career.”

According to the article, Carr captured the twin calves near Circle City in the Interior when they were 6 days old. He fed them condensed milk and oatmeal until they were more fully grown.

He named the two moose Bill and Helen, after President William Taft and his daughter.

Bill and Helen were brought to Seattle via steamship and train, where they lived in an enclosure on Carr’s property, the article says.

Undated images of the two moose fully grown show that he succeeded in training them to pull him in a sulky, a light, two-wheeled carriage. Another image shows a moose standing on two legs and Carr standing on a pedestal, smiling at his domesticated creature.

Eventually, Carr got bored of living in Seattle, the News-Miner reported. He moved to the now-abandoned town of Katalla, Alaska, where he lived for the rest of his life. It’s unclear when or if the moose went with him.

Moose-mounted cavalry?

Today, of course, all of this would be illegal. State law bans the keeping of game animals as pets. Moose can be kept in captivity only under certain circumstances, by zoos and other permitted facilities.

But long before the Gold Rush, other Arctic regions were experimenting with domesticating moose.

In the 1700s, Swedish King Carl XI used moose as riding animals for couriers. He also planned to make moose-mounted cavalry regiments, an idea that was presented later to the Academy of Science in Stockholm as an alternative to importing horses. The idea never took hold, though; the animals’ untrainable nature and susceptibility to disease made them less preferable to horses.

In the 1930s, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin also hoped moose would replace horses in cavalry regimes but the idea was eventually abandoned. Moose domestication projects in Russia continue today, mostly selling moose milk and serving as tourist attractions.

Meanwhile, in Alaska’s territorial days, there were no laws against keeping moose, and another famous Alaskan, J. Bernard Moore of Skagway, also had his own family pet.

Carnation the moose

The Moore family settled in Skagway Bay in 1887. Ten years later – after J. Bernard Moore successfully predicted that a gold rush would flood the valley with stampeders – their homestead was overrun with men heading north.

The city of Skagway was born, and for a short time, one of the most famous residents was a young bull moose.

The tale of J. Bernard “Ben” Moore’s moose is related in detail in “Skagway: City of the New Century” by Jeff Brady.

Moore inherited the moose in Seattle in 1899 from a miner who had brought the creature down from Canada. Its name: Carnation.

Carnation arrived in Skagway incognito. Eventually, Moore taught the moose to be put in harness, and he decided to hitch Carnation to a wagon and parade through town.

A local newspaper described the scene:

“All idle eyes in the business center of the city yesterday afternoon were amused by the sight of a fine specimen of the monarch of the woods, a moose, parading in the streets in harness and subservient to man,” the Skaguay News wrote on Dec. 30, 1899.

During his short tenure as a local attraction, Carnation was photographed, featured in stories and visited frequently, Brady writes. In 1900, the 2-year-old moose died, with his death attributed to gluttony – eating “too much clover,” a newspaper reported at the time.

Moore buried Carnation on his property and mounted the moose’s head above the piano in his home. Moore’s homestead is today a National Historical Landmark.

‘Asked many times to keep the moose out of the saloon’

A brief history of pet moose wouldn’t be complete without the infamous tale of one in Fairbanks that in 1913 annoyed city officials so much they crafted an ordinance against it.

Fairbanks bartender Pete Buckholtz acquired his calf from hunters, Alaska Dispatch News columnist Dermot Cole writes in his book “Fairbanks: A Gold Rush Town that Beat the Odds.”

The moose was fed potatoes and stale bread in winter months, and sometimes willow branches cut by Buckholtz. It was broken to harness and, like the other pet moose, could be hitched to a sled.

Docile and affectionate, the moose followed its owner around, including into the saloon where Buckholtz worked.

“Buckholtz had been asked many times to keep the moose out of the saloon, but he refused,” Cole writes.

Mayor Andrew Nerland decided that he had to do something about this nuisance moose. While the city didn’t have the power to ban the possession of a live moose, they found a loophole: They could ban moose from city sidewalks. And so they did, preventing the moose from legally entering the saloon.

If you have more information about historical game animals as pets, or any of the above men profiled, please email reporter Laurel Andrews at laurel@alaskadispatch.com.

Alaska Dispatch Publishing

Find the best hunting rangefinder is quite a task these days with so many great brands and options out there. Long gone are the days where you only had a few top picks to choose from.

Now, each and every hunter has to sort through all of these makes and models, and review each of their best features and characteristics. While today’s models are super advanced, they really haven’t made it easy for us hunters to figure out which one is best suited for our style of hunting.

The Quick Summary Overall, the Best Hunting Rangefinder is the Vortex Optics Crossfire HD!Below you can check out other top options including the… – Best Rangefinder For Bowhunting: Leupold RX-Fulldraw 5- Best Binocular With Rangefinder For Hunting: Vortex Optics Fury HD 5000- Most Affordable Hunting Rangefinder: TIDEWE Hunting RangefinderAnd scroll down to find out the one thing to avoid when picking your rangefinder!

This blog article was personally constructed after comparing my own notes from using a few of these models, to the thousands of reviews and comments out there on the internet.

Additionally, I also had to get on the phone with a few brands to clarify what these specific features mean and how they best help hunters when we’re out in the field.

Of course, I wasn’t able to list and review every single model out there, so I decided to categorize the top picks within a few select categories. These areas are heavily searched by hunters, and I think these choices will benefit hunters the most.

Trivia Question: Do you know when and where the first laser rangefinder was invented? (Click here to see answer).

Full Disclosure: Some of the links below may be affiliate links. If you follow an affiliate link and end up making a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Best Rangefinder For Hunting

Vortex Optics Crossfire HD 1400

The Crossfire HD 1400 is the 2024 best rangefinder for hunting because it is perfect for both bow and rifle hunters, and offers a variety of features designed to enhance your hunting experience. With a maximum range of 1,400 yards and an HD optical system, this rangefinder lets you spot your targets with ease, no matter the environment.

The Crossfire HD 1400 has three target modes and two ranging modes, ensuring accurate readings. It also features a red TOLED display, making the readout clear in any lighting conditions. Despite its lightweight design, this rangefinder is built to last, with durable materials that can withstand the rigors of hunting and the great outdoors.

In conclusion, the Crossfire HD 1400 is the ultimate laser rangefinder for hunters. Its outstanding range, multiple modes, clear display, and lightweight, durable design make it the perfect choice for bow and rifle hunters alike. So if you’re looking for a reliable and versatile rangefinder to take your hunting game to the next level, be sure to check out the Crossfire HD 1400.

For latest prices, and more information about the Vortex Optics Crossfire HD 1400, click below!

Best Bowhunting Rangefinder

Leupold RX-Fulldraw 5

Alert to all bowhunters out there – We have a pick for you!

If you’re a bowhunter or competitive archer, you need a rangefinder that can keep up with you and your tough shots, look no further than the RX-FullDraw 5 – the most advanced archery rangefinder on the market. It uses your bow’s velocity, peep height, arrow weight, and shot angles to provide laser-accurate ranges tailored to your equipment.

But that’s not all – the RX-FullDraw 5 now accepts even lower velocity inputs, accommodating arrows as slow as 170 feet per second. And with its updated flightpath technology, you can choose from two modes to view arrow obstructions up to 85 yards away. Plus, the rangefinder’s Last Target mode can cut through rain, fog, and snow, ensuring accuracy even in challenging weather conditions.

With six times magnification, a bright red OLED display, and a speedy laser engine, the RX-FullDraw 5 gives you a clear advantage on the field. So if you’re looking for a rangefinder that’s customized to your archery gear and conditions, the RX-FullDraw 5 is the ultimate choice.

For latest prices, and more information on the Leupold RX-Fulldraw 5, take a look below!

Best Hunting Binocular With Rangefinder

Vortex Optics Fury HD 5000

The Fury HD 5000 is the ultimate laser rangefinder binocular for hunters, archers, and shooters. With 10x magnification and 42mm objective lenses, it provides an extremely effective and versatile tool for the field.

Its primary HCD mode displays an angle-compensated distance that’s perfect for most hunters and shooters, whether using a rifle or a bow. Choose from two target modes: Best Mode, which displays the strongest range result, and Last Mode, which displays the furthest distance and is ideal for ranging targets behind obstructions. With the Fury HD 5000, you’ll never miss a shot again.

For latest prices, and more information on the Vortex Optics Fury HD 5000, we have that as well!

Most Affordable Hunting Rangefinder

TIDEWE Hunting Rangefinder

The TideWe rangefinder offers 6x magnification and displays vertical and horizontal distance, speed, and can continuously scan all factors influencing your play. It accurately ranges from 3 to 1000 yards with fast measurements within +/- 1 yard and a measuring speed of <0.5s. It is lightweight at only 0.35lb and durable, made from strong materials to protect from drops and is weather-resistant.

This rangefinder is easy to use with a simple button push to get instant range data on an easy-to-read LCD display. It comes with a rechargeable Li-ion battery that can measure 20000 times after a full charge, has a clear LCD display, and an ergonomic design for comfortable handling.

And one last thing – the TideWe rangefinder features a popular camo pattern and includes a bag to save the rangefinder.

For latest prices, and more information on the TIDEWE Hunting Rangefinder, we have that as well!

Things To Consider When Choosing A Hunting Rangefinder

Maximum Distance

Comparing your next rangefinder’s max distance to your weapon of choice and style of hunting is going to be a key consideration point before making a final purchase.

Each manufacturer should properly list out their model’s maximum effective distance, but there’s one thing to keep in mind here….

Some models are only going to highlight the max range at a reflective target. As a hunter, you’ll want to check what that top range is going to be at ‘game’ – not just something that’s 100% reflective.

Pro Tip: Make sure your rangefinder has an angle compensation feature, especially if you hunt from a treesstand.

Ease Of Use & Display

Hunting rangefinders have evolved to offer amazing ranging capabilities, but not all of them offer these top features in an effective package.

If you want a rangefinder that’s going to properly adjust for elevation, wind & fog, choice of reticle, etc. it’s clear that you might have to toggle through a few options within your optical.

After analyzing what all your rangefinder can offer, make sure to spend the time figuring out how to enable these features. Most optimal options are going to offer a simple, single ‘Mode’ model button to toggle through everything. If you’re doing more than this, you might be getting yourself in a more complicated position.

Object Detection

When hunting in wooded areas, or in inclement weather, you need to have a rangefinder that’s going to successful pick up your desired object with minimal interference.

Hunting with a subpar optical in wind and fog, or having brush in between you and your prey can cause serious issues.

Make sure your new hunting rangefinder has some sort of technology that can properly eliminate these peripheral objects to identify what’s important. Not doing so can provide inaccurate range readings.

Hunting Style

Everything above and below in this article is going to come down to this one question – “What type of rangefinder do I need for my hunting style?”

Back in the day, you were ultimately stuck with only a few options when it came to rangefinders. Now, you have the option to choose binocular style, bow-specific, long range, etc.

Of course, you can always choose a more expensive model to take care of more than you need, but if you want to be a little more realistic be sure to compare the available features, alongside price points, to what you’re really going to be needing this for.

Most Popular Rangefinder FAQs

1. What Is A Hunting Rangefinder?

A hunting rangefinder is an optical instrument, typically handheld, that is used to determine the distance between a hunter and their prey.

2. How Do Rangefinders Work?

Rangefinders send a laser beam towards your target. An internal digital clock measures the time it takes for the beam to reach the target and back. It then calculates the distance based on that time.

3. What’s The Difference Between A Hunting And Golf Rangefinder?

All in all, there’s not a lot of core difference between hunting and golf rangefinders. Largely the difference comes in the different modes available, along with their associated price points.

4. How Much Do Rangefinders Cost?

On average, most hunting rangefinders are going to cost you between $100 and $600. While there are some cheaper than this, the quality starts to slip really quick. Lastly, any rangefinder above this price, those that range up to $2,000 are most likely going to be reserved for extreme hunters and guides.

5. What Outdoor Brands Make Rangefinders?

The top hunting rangefinder brands including the following:

1. Bushnell

2. Leupold

3. Nikon

4. Vortex

5. Mavin

6. Swarovski

6. Are There Good Rangefinder Options Under $200?

Yes, there are several great rangefinder options under $200. For an easy list of these, here’s a link to Amazon with the best hunting rangefinders under $200.

One Thing To Avoid!

Make Sure You Have Angle Compensation

Angle compensation is a crucial feature in any hunting rangefinders. It calculates the difference in elevation and provides an accurate reading as if you were shooting on level ground. Without it, the elevation change can create a false reading and result in a missed shot or a wounded animal.

For example, on a 30-degree angle slope with a line-of-sight shot distance of 500 yards, without angle compensation, you would aim for 500 yards. However, with angle compensation, you’ll need to shoot for 433 yards. So, if you’re in the market for a new hunting rangefinder, make sure you choose one with angle compensation.

Answer: The first laser rangefinder was invented in France in 1933.

For a blog about the Best Hunting Binoculars, take a look today!