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I Think I’ve Found The Best Thru-Hiker Power Bank!

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A good battery pack is a vital piece of gear for any hiker these days. There are many components that go into what makes the best battery pack for a thru-hike. It’s not just about the power but also the weight, how quickly it charges your devices, how long it takes to recharge in town, how reliable it is and it’s durabilty.

Based on each of these criteria I believe I have found it, the perfect thru-hiker power bank. Say hello to the:

The ZendureSuperMini 10,000mAh USB-C PD Portable Charger ( link opens Amazon)

The Tech Specs:

Here is a quick overview of the tech specs:

CAPACITYWEIGHTINPUTOUTPUT
Zendure SuperMini 10,000mAh USB-C PD Portable Charger Tech Specs

Why is This The Best Battery For Thru-Hikers?

Weight (6.35oz/180g)

It’s lighter than most other comprable 10,000 Mah (see head to head match-ups below).

For example, the super-mini weighs 6.35oz/180g while an equivalent Anker PowerCore 10000 PD weighs 6.8oz(192g).

It’s not much of a difference but every grams counts but as you’ll see below the pass-through charging functionality of the Zendure SuperMini will enable you to save even more weight!

Super Fast Recharge Time (3 Hours)

Via the USB-C PD port it can recharge in 3 hours.

This means you can pop into a town, recharge your battery (both literally and figuratively) and leave town with a fully charged battery without having to stay a night if you don’t want to.

Even if you plan to stay a night a quick recharge time saves you hogging a power outlet all night or you could easily charge your battery fully when just sitting at a restaurant/bar.

Charging Times:

The Zendure SuperMini has both a USB-A and USB-C port, both of which can charge at 18watts of power. The battery supports PD (power delivery) charging meaning it can fast charge an iPhone X up to 50% within 30 mins!

Your phone will have to support PD for this to work (most new iPhone and Samsung devices do), but even if your device doesn’t this battery will charge it as fast as your device will allow.

Size and Durabilty

The outer shell feels much more durable that other batteries which can only be a good thing as your battery, along with most of your gear, will be put through the elements on any thru-hike.

Credit Card Sized SuperMini

Another major benefit of the Zendure SuperMini is the size and shape of the battery itself. It is 30% smaller than most other batteries and is roughly the size of a credit card.

This shape is much more packable than the usual longer bulkier batteries. This shape makes it perfect for slipping into a hip-belt pocket or a fanny pack for easy access.

Style

Fashion is a thru-hikers last concern but nearly every other battery is just a black brick. The Zendure Super-mini has 3 colors which a) looks cooler and b) will make your battery easier to identify at a shared charging point in a restaurant or hostel etc.

The Holy Grail of Pass-Through Charging

All the above features of the Zendure SuperMini are great but the thing that makes it head and shoulders above the rest of other batteries is that it supports pass-through charging.

What is pass-through charging and why is it so important?

Simply put this means you can charge the battery whilst at the same time use the battery to charge other devices. This quick video demonstrates the difference:

Pass Through Charging vs Normal Charging

Why is this so good for thru-hikers? Well, it enables you to replace your usual 2 USB port wall charger with a single USB port one.

For example, say I use an Anker Powercore PD battery that doesn’t support pass through charging. When I get to town I want to charge both my battery and my phone at the same time. To do this I have to bring a 2 usb port wall charger (pictured).

Now with the Zendure SuperMini it can turn the battery into another USB port so I only need to bring a smaller 1 port wall charger.

I charge the battery directly using the wall socket and then daisy chain my phone or whatever else I want to charge off my SuperMini battery.

As an example, the two wall chargers pictured above. The smaller one weighs 1.9oz/53g whilst the larger one weighs 8oz/227g. So by utilising the pass-through charging you save 6oz/170+g from your pack, that’s a big weight saving without any loss of functionality.

These are two great ultralight small wall chargers options that support PD to couple with your Zendure SuperMini:

  • Rav Power USB-C 61W PD Wall Charger (Foldable Prongs)
  • Anker USB-C 30w PD Wall Charger

Head to Head Match-Ups

Zendure SuperMini vs Anker PowerCore 10000 PD

CriteriaZendure SuperMini 10,000 MahAnker PowerCore 10000 PDComment
Zendure SuperMini vs Anker PowerCore 10000 PD

Zendure SuperMini vs RavPower PD Pioneer 10000mAh Portable Charger 2-Port Power Bank

CriteriaZendure SuperMini 10,000 MahRavPower PD Pioneer 10000mAhComment
Zendure SuperMini vs RavPower PD Pioneer 10000mAh Portable Charger 2-Port Power Bank

Zendure SuperMini vs Nitecore NB10000

CriteriaZendure SuperMini 10,000 MahNitecore NB10000Comment
Zendure SuperMini vs Nitecore NB10000

The Perfect Thru-Hiker Battery

The design and specs of the SuperMini make it ideal for any thru-hiker. It’s got the perfect combination of functionality and features.

It matches or surpasses most other batteries on the usual criteria and is one of the very few batteries in it’s class that supports pass-through charging. The Zendure SuperMini when utilized with a smaller wall charger can enable big weight savings.

If you’re interested in getting your own you can see it on Amazon here. Any questions just comment below.

The Miracle Of Nature: How Bird Poop Can Help Your Garden Grow

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For centuries, humans have used fertilizers to help plants grow. But did you know that birds can also provide a natural fertilizer for plants? It’s true – bird poop can help plants grow, as it contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – the same three elements found in commercial fertilizers. In addition to these essential nutrients, bird droppings also contain trace amounts of other vital elements and minerals. Bird poop can also contain beneficial microorganisms that can help break down organic matter and aerate the soil. So while you may not want to use it directly on your plants, bird poop can provide an important contribution to the health and growth of your garden.

Because bird poop is a great compost material, it is also a natural fertilizer for plants. The key is to use it correctly, and to be careful not to feed it to animals that are the source of the poop. When manure from domesticated birds is used, it is best to use guano derived from seabirds. Birds’ domesticated feces have a high chemical content that aids in fruit growth and flowering plant development. This advantage is due in part to the high concentration of phosphorus found in manures containing horses or cows. When it comes to the use of bird droppings as fertilizer, there is a clear distinction between domesticated and wild birds. As a result, you will be able to keep your plants healthy and happy by knowing which types of bird poop are harmful to them.

If a wild pigeon comes into contact with a tree or shrub directly, it may become extremely acidic. Regardless of whether it is from domesticated or wild animals, handling animal manure should always be done with caution. These are some gardening tools that you can use to make container gardening easier. I will earn a commission if you link to these, which are affiliate links. Kensington Watering Cans are fashionable, strong, and dependable, and they can be used to water potted plants with precision. I enjoy using the Garden Guru Trowel because it is very durable and comfortable to use.

It is not harmful to consume them. Yes, if the droppings land directly on young, still fragile tissues, they can cause “burn” (the damage caused by the high concentration of minerals in the droppings), but this is usually very minor.

Bird-whispering or tilling is a natural activity for them whenever they come across earthworms or other insects, which helps to aerate the soil and promote plant growth, and bird-whispering also allows them to plow or till the garden soil with their beaks

They help fertilize plants by transferring pollen (via their bills) from one flower to another, similar to how bumblebees do. Bird pollination is most common in tropical areas, where it helps pollinate a few food crops such as bananas, papayas, and nutmegs.

Do Birds Make Good Fertilizer?

Yes, birds make excellent fertilizer. The droppings of birds are incredibly rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium-all essential elements for healthy plant growth. Birds also help spread the fertilizer over a wide area as they fly from place to place. Additionally, the droppings of birds can act as a natural pest repellent, helping to keep away pesky bugs and insects that can ruin crops. Finally, bird droppings can help improve soil structure and fertility, making it easier for plants to take up the nutrients they need. In short, birds make great fertilizer and can help keep gardens and farms healthy and productive.

Bird droppings are the most effective organic fertilizer because they contain the most concentrated amount of nitrogen. Birds drop their seeds in no time; after 5-7 days, you can see the results. The composition of litter can vary greatly depending on whether the bird that produced it did so before or after hatching. Deep bedding of dry peat or chopped straw should be used to house poultry. Bird organics are laid out at a rate of 15-20 cm over the entire compost heap surface. The nitrogen content of this material rapidly evaporates during storage, and by the end of 50 months, it has disappeared. During the winter months, it is possible to freeze the litter, layer it on the court, and store it in this manner.

Nitrogen is lost as nitrogen is removed from the soil in the autumn. In spring, you must plant the litter in the soil at least 2 weeks before planting. Doses should be no more than 200 g and no more than 1 kg per 1,000 square meters. When it comes to making litter, tomatoes prefer to use other organic fertilizers. In the main dressing, compost is used in 4-6 liters of liquid top dressing per season (2-3 per season). It is easy to burn plants if you come into contact with the high concentration of substances found in council litter. If this does not work, try to avoid it but if it does, bring in plenty of water.

Granular bird droppings have long been regarded as one of the most valuable types of organic fertilizers due to the nutrients they contain, which are nearly identical to mineral fertilizers. This natural fertilizer can be composted to make it more efficient and effective. Those who are new to composting can benefit from using bird droppings with other compostable materials at a rate of 1:40. Nonetheless, the compost should be thoroughly mixed to ensure efficient breakdown. A mask and gloves should be worn to prevent the inhalation of any potentially hazardous particles, and bird droppings should be handled with caution by carrying gloves. When properly applied, granular bird droppings can provide an effective and safe method for nutrient enrichment in soils.

Do Birds Help Plants Grow?

Birds not only help animals, but they also help plants. Hummingbirds pollinate flowers to produce seeds that plants need to grow. Some birds, such as the Blue Jay, actually plant seeds. They collect and hide the seeds for later consumption, but they do not return for them all, so the seeds sprout and grow into new plants when they return.

Protect Your Garden From Birds: A Better Solution Than Talking To Plants

A long-running debate about whether talking to plants aids in their growth has been ongoing. Some people swear by the technique, but there is no scientific evidence to back it up; there is no consistent evidence that talking to plants or singing to them boosts their productivity. Plants can be harmed if you have birds in your garden. Crow and blackbird populations are especially dangerous because they dig up seeds or feed on mature crops. Bird deterrent devices such as scarecrows, nets, and other bird-catching devices can be installed in your garden to keep birds at bay. While talking to plants may not provide them with the necessary growth stimulation, bird protection does.

Does Pigeon Poop Make Good Fertilizer?

Pigeon poop, also known as guano, contains a high concentration of nitrogen, making it an excellent source of nitrogen-rich fertilizer. Pigeon guano was used as a fertilizer for hundreds of years up until the introduction of agribusiness, which resulted in a more efficient and cost-effective method of production.

Avoid Feeding Pigeons: The Unintended Health Risks

Pigeon feeding has been a cherished practice among many people since its inception. This seemingly harmless practice, as it turns out, can have serious consequences for human health. Birds, particularly pigeons, have a high level of acidity, which can burn plant stems and roots rather than aid in plant growth; adding bird droppings to soil too soon can also burn plant stems and roots. Furthermore, pigeons’ excreta contains bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), which when introduced into the food or water supply can cause illness. These birds are not to be fed, so you should keep a low profile and keep a safe distance.

What Is Bird Fertilizer Called?

In Spanish, guano (Spanish for excrement) refers to a pile of birds’ or bats’ feces. Gano is a highly effective manure because it contains a high concentration of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, all of which are required for plant growth.

The Benefits Of Chicken Manure: A Sustainable Fertilize

Chicken manure is a valuable fertilizer that has long been regarded as a valuable agricultural and horticultural crop. This plant aids in the release of macro- and micronutrients in addition to acting as a soil amendment. As compared to other animal manures, chicken manure and the associated litter contain higher levels of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium as well as organic matter (Zublena, 1993). It is important to note that nitrogen content in chicken manure can aid in plant growth and development due to its ability to increase photosynthesis. Furthermore, chicken manure contains uric acid, which is produced by birds rather than mammals, in addition to the nutrients. Because Uric acid is soluble, it can be seen as a white paste when it is excreted from the kidney into the cloaca – the single body of water where the body excretes, urinates, lays eggs, and mating takes place – the other body of water empties Nitrogen is a valuable source of nitrogen that is slowly released over time, which can help to improve soil fertility and support healthy plant growth. Uric acid is a valuable nitrogen source of nitrogen. It is a valuable fertilizer that provides a variety of benefits to agricultural and horticultural activities. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium are among the nutrients found in it, with uric acid assisting in the gradual release of nitrogen. As a result, chicken manure can be an efficient and environmentally friendly method of fertilize soil and promote plant growth.

What Nutrients Are In Bird Poop?

The birds are known to contain a high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen, and when they come into contact with water, these nutrients are added. It is not uncommon for nutrients to be added to an existing ecosystem over time.

Birds poop, also known as guano, contains a plethora of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. If a bird dies, knowing exactly how much water it pumps out can help predict the environment’s future. nutrients are trapped in a goldilocks zone in bodies of water Seabirds produce nitrogen in the same way that fishermen do, but not as much as bean farmers. One of the most important factors in keeping ecosystems healthy is understanding the delicate balance between nutrients.

Birds’ droppings can have a significant impact on the environment in both their immediate surroundings and in their surroundings. Water contains a high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen, which can be added to it to increase the amount of algae blooms. Because the blooms block out the light, they can overtake the water and kill the aquatic life. The spread of transmittable diseases and infestations from bird droppings on land can be greatly accelerated. Several diseases, including histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, salmonellosis, and E. coli, can be transmitted through bird droppings, and people are exposed to them when birds fly. ectoparasites can also bite people, and over 50 different species of parasites can live in structures. As a result, it is critical to take preventative measures to avoid these types of environmental and health risks. Regular cleaning and maintenance of areas with birds should be conducted to reduce bird droppings. Furthermore, if there is an infestation, it is critical that the problem is treated correctly by a professional exterminator. When we address these issues, we can help protect the environment and the health of our communities.

Do Birds Help Plant Trees?

Yes, birds do help plant trees! A variety of birds eat the seeds of trees, transport them to other areas in their droppings, and help them to germinate. This is especially helpful for species such as the ponderosa pine, which relies on birds to carry the seeds from one area to another. In addition, some birds, such as the blue jay, will often cache or store extra seeds for future use, thus helping to spread the seeds even further and increase the likelihood of successful germination. In this way, birds can be important in helping to spread and even regenerate forests.

How do birds help trees grow? We investigated the impact of land-use intensification on aquatic trophic cascades in this study. Conserving herbivore populations can have an indirect impact on plant productivity by regulating the number of herbivores. Factors that influence the strength of atrophic cascade are still unknown. Insectivorous birds are responsible for an 16% reduction in arthropod abundance and a 14% reduction in plant damage. The eradication of pests such as Adelges cooleyi and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which were particularly prevalent in crop trees (mostly Pseudotsuga menziesii), resulted in a 30% reduction. As a result, despite this effect, birds did not cause a trophic cascade that would have resulted in increased crop tree growth.

By attracting native birds to your garden, you can contribute to the environment in a simple and rewarding way. Not only do these birds provide pollination and insect control benefits, but they also benefit from the care and maintenance provided by a well-maintained garden. If you provide a variety of native plants in your garden, you can ensure that it is a habitat for a variety of birds, who will eat the nectar, seeds, and insects that the plants provide. Trees can grow and become stronger due to the presence of wind, which aids in their growth and development. A garden that is specifically designed for the native birds of your area will provide both a positive and mutually beneficial relationship between the environment and the garden.

Are Birds Important To Plants?

Birds, whether in the wild or in captivity, disperse seeds for plants that provide us with food, medicine, timber, and recreation all over the world. Among their qualifications, they are well-traveled and have a wide range of abilities. The seeds they eat have a pulp and a seed coat, which helps them germinate.

The Vital Role Of Birds In Forest Ecosystems

Birds provide critical services to plants and other wildlife in addition to their role as an essential component of the forest ecosystem. Birds play an important role in reproduction, which is why they are important pollinators. Pollen is transferred from one flower to another to ensure that plants can continue to grow and reproduce. They provide a valuable link between flowers. Native plants spread and thrive as a result of birds’ assistance in spreading seeds. Birds, for example, provide pollination, but they are more than that. It is also important to keep their populations in balance and prevent them from growing too large in order to control insect, rodent, and other small animal populations. This helps to keep a healthy forest ecosystem as well as a diverse and vibrant environment. Birds play an important role in the health of forests by providing pollination services, regulating animal populations, and controlling insects. There is a strong link between their presence and the health and diversity of the ecosystem; they play an important role in many native plants’ survival.

What Is The Relationship Between The Birds And Trees?

Birds and trees share a commensalistic relationship, with the birds preferring a place to build their nests while the trees are unharmed and not impacted by their presence. When two species collaborate and live in the same environment, mutualism occurs.

A Symbiotic Relationship: Trees And Birds

It is beneficial for both trees and birds to have a mutually beneficial relationship. Trees, like birds, provide essential food sources, but birds also provide a valuable service to trees. A bird’s diet consists of nectar, fruits, and other tree parts, as it moves from tree to tree, scattering and distributing seeds. The birds’ pollination and spread of the seeds allows trees to reproduce and spread their species, which is a benefit for the trees. Trees provide food, shelter, and nesting sites for birds in addition to serving as food, shelter, and nesting sites. Some birds rely on certain trees for survival in order to survive. In terms of the environment, trees and birds live together. Birds eat trees and provide food and shelter, whereas trees assist in pollination and seed dispersal. It is critical to keep trees and birds together in the same area because they are mutually reliant on each other.

Do Birds Help With Seed Dispersal?

Bird seed dispersal is perhaps the most dependable method of plant seed distribution due to the birds’ ability to traverse vast distances in short periods of time.

Birds And Animals: Nature’s Seed Dispersal Agents

Animals carry them out of their fur and feet, and foxes, skunks, mice, and other small rodents inadvertently eat them and then dispose of them in their parent plants, whereas other animals such as birds eat them while carrying them in their mouths. Two of the most important components of the ecological cycle are ornithophily, which allows birds to pollinate flowers, and syzoochory, which allows birds and other animals to seed. Ornithophily ensures that flowers are pollinated, whereas syzoochory assists in the dispersal of plant seeds in order to create a more diverse environment. It not only assists flowering plants in survival, but it also provides food for birds and animals. Birds and animals can aid in the continuation of the natural cycle of ecological balance, thereby promoting a healthy environment.

Is Parrot Poop Good For Plants

Parrot poop is an interesting question when it comes to plants. While it is true that parrot poop is high in nitrogen, which is beneficial to plants, the high levels of uric acid in the poop may be harmful. Additionally, the bacteria and parasites in the poop can be hazardous to both you and the plants. Therefore, it is generally not recommended to use parrot poop to fertilize your plants.

Bird Poop On Plant Leaves

Bird poop on plant leaves can be an issue for gardeners and plant lovers alike. Not only can bird droppings be unsightly, but they can also contain bacteria that can stunt the growth of the plant or even cause disease. Furthermore, bird droppings can be high in nitrogen, which can make the leaves of the plant too acidic and cause them to burn. To avoid this problem, gardeners should provide birdhouses and bird baths to attract birds away from the plants, as well as discourage them from roosting in the area. Additionally, they may want to cover the plants with netting or cheesecloth to protect them from the droppings.

Bird Poop On Garden Vegetables

Bird poop on garden vegetables can be a distressing problem for gardeners. Unchecked, bird droppings can lead to diseases in vegetables, as well as unpleasant tastes and textures. To prevent bird poop from ruining a garden’s vegetables, it’s important to take steps to limit birds’ access to the garden. This can include netting over the vegetables, setting up scare devices, or simply keeping an eye out for birds and shooing them away. Additionally, gardeners should inspect their vegetables for signs of bird droppings and remove any affected produce before it contaminates other vegetables. With a little effort, gardeners can protect their vegetables from bird poop and enjoy a healthy crop.

How To Use Bird Poop As Fertilizer

Using bird poop as fertilizer is a great way to naturally provide essential nutrients to your garden or lawn. To use it, you can either scoop up the poop directly from the ground or purchase a bagged product that has been composted. Once you have the poop, you can either spread it directly over the soil or mix it with some water and use it as a liquid fertilizer. Another option is to mix the bird poop with compost or other organic matter to make a nutrient-rich soil. You can also use a slow release fertilizer to ensure your plants get the nutrition they need over a longer period of time. Whichever method you choose, make sure you use a mask and gloves when working with bird poop to protect yourself from any potential harm.

The most effective method for disposing of bird droppings is to turn them into organic fertilizer. Plants can easily obtain basic micro and macro elements and amino acids from processed litter. Organic fertilizer derived from recycled litter is environmentally friendly and effective in the inhibition of pathogenic micro organism, larvae, and helminth eggs. For the purpose of poultry waste disposal, there are numerous technological advancements in the works. We believe that the most effective way to process birds’ waste is to use organic and organomineral fertilizers. Because granular bird droppings contain primarily organic compounds, they do not have the same properties as soil phosphates such as iron, aluminum, or calcium. We looked into how chicken manure is processed and how organic fertilizer is obtained from it.

The microwave is one of the most recent methods of processing chicken manure. The goal of this study is to assess the effects of various doses of bird droppings powder on seed germination, plant growth, and subsequent growth. Chicken droppings that are microwaved produce a loose granular material of brown color with inclusions (feed particles), with a faint scent of the raw material and a moisture content of less than 10%. A variant with a shorter processing time, in addition to energy savings, is more rational. Microflora was found to be absent from the finished product. The following characteristics were chosen for the soil that would be used as the main soil: black soil. The pHx was 6.92, the humus was 0.41%, and the particle content was 11%.

As part of the experiment, various amounts of powder were applied to the soil: the first version included a pure grass mixture of cereals. In the second experiment, 1 g of powdered milk was added to a cereal crop mixture. It took 14 days for the experimental and control variants to be counted. The best way to stimulate plant growth and development during cereal crop planting is to introduce 2 g of powder into the soil during the seed-sowing process. The Ark plant is a safe and effective plant for the environment to use in the prevention of pathogenic microorganisms, larvae, and helminth eggs as well as weed seeds by processing litter into powder via microwave. By processing bird droppings into powder, the content of organic matter in the final product can be preserved. This type of organic fertilizer contains a high concentration of nutrients and is well adapted to plants’ needs. There is no limit to the shelf life of powder in granules; it does not have toxicity.

Create An Effective Fertilizer With Bird Droppings

Trees and other plants can benefit greatly from bird droppings as a fertilizer. It is critical to carefully manage the droppings in order to reap the full benefits. A bird poop fertilizer can be made by combining one piece of bird poop with four or five pieces of brown matter such as sawdust, straw, or other bedding materials. If necessary, water the compost mixture lightly if it is damp, but not to the point where it becomes soggy. Nitrogen-rich leaves can provide essential nutrients to trees and other plants, allowing them to grow and thrive. In fact, one study discovered that trees grew much better in areas with bird droppings. Following these steps will provide you with an effective fertilizer for your trees and other plants, as well as help the environment by recycling bird droppings.

Is Bird Poop Good Luck

It’s one of the most popular bird superstitions, and it’s true if you’re unfortunate enough to get pooped on by a bird. Because it was originally created in Russia, it is thought to be good luck; however, due to its origins, the chances of it happening are extremely slim.

According to legend, a bird poops on you or something you own, which results in good fortune. According to Russian superstition, the chances of being pooped on by a bird are extremely low. An expert in probability devised a formula to estimate the chances of being struck by bird feces in New York City.

A Blessing From The Heavens: The Good Luck Of Bird Poop

Birds poop is regarded as a blessing in many cultures around the world. It is uncommon for birds to poop on humans, and it is considered a blessing from the heavens for the animals. The Russian Orthodox Church considers it to be a lucky fruit. Jews believe it is a sign of God protection. In China, there is a belief that the bird is delivering a message from a higher power, while in India, there is a belief that it can live for a long time. It is thought that poop from birds is a sign of good fortune, whether it is on your house, in your car, or anywhere else. Despite the fact that it may not be the best experience, it is still an adventure worth taking part in because the idea that something as unique and as unexpected as this can bring you happiness and wealth is something to celebrate. As a result, don’t be too concerned if you find yourself being pooped on by a bird. Accepting the blessings that the bird has bestowed on you can help you gain good fortune.

Can Bird Droppings Kill Plants

Using Avian Control liquid bird repellent, it is possible to keep bird droppings out of the garden. The dropping of seeds can be fatal to your plants and ruin your garden for the season.

Minerals such as phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), calcium (C), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) can be found in bird droppings. You will usually not be harmed by mature leaves and plant parts. uric acid (C5H4N4O3) is found in bird droppings and contributes to the white color. Gardeners, pets, and other birds are not at risk, but plants are. When a bird’s gut is passed through its seeds, it sucks up the pathogens that have already built up on the outside of the seeds. Bird droppings should not be applied directly to garden plants if there is a high amount of their waste in your garden.

Air rifle pellet removal tool

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Introducing our revolutionary air rifle pellet removal tool! Designed to effortlessly remove pellets stuck in your air rifle’s barrel, this innovative device ensures quick and efficient cleaning. Say goodbye to frustrating jams and hello to smoother shooting experiences. Experience hassle-free maintenance with our reliable pellet removal tool.

air rifle pellet removal tool

air rifle pellet removal tool

Introducing the ultimate solution for removing pellets from your air rifle – the air rifle pellet removal tool. Designed with precision and functionality in mind, this innovative tool allows shooters to effortlessly extract stuck or misfired pellets from their air rifles. Say goodbye to frustrating jams and wasted ammunition, as this tool ensures a smooth and efficient shooting experience.

Featuring a durable construction and ergonomic design, the air rifle pellet removal tool is easy to handle and provides optimal grip for effective pellet extraction. Its specialized mechanism safely grips the lodged pellet without causing any damage to the barrel or surrounding components. With this tool in your arsenal, you can quickly resolve any issues that may arise during shooting sessions, enabling you to focus on improving your accuracy and performance.

Don’t let a stuck pellet ruin your shooting experience – invest in the air rifle pellet removal tool today and enjoy hassle-free shooting like never before. Whether you are a novice shooter or an experienced marksman, this tool is a must-have accessory that guarantees peace of mind and enhances the overall enjoyment of using an air rifle.

In conclusion, the air rifle pellet removal tool proves to be a valuable accessory for airgun enthusiasts. Its ease of use, effectiveness in removing lodged pellets, and durability make it an essential tool for maintaining optimal performance of air rifles. Whether for target practice or hunting purposes, this handy tool ensures smooth shooting experiences without causing any damage to the rifle.

Mossberg 500 Optic-Ready .410 Turkey Review: A Sub-Gauge Built for Spring

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Interest in sub-gauge shotguns has resurged for hunters over the last several years, and the turkey woods are no exception. With companies offering more choke tubes and TSS turkey loads for 20 gauge, .410, and even the 28 gauge, hunters are realizing the value and efficacy of small-bore shotguns.

While the 12 gauge still reigns supreme in the turkey woods, sub-gauges offer surprising pattern densities, range, and reduced recoil — all aspects that make them more than capable gobbler-getters. When it comes to turkey-specific guns, Mossberg leads the charge.

This spring, I had the privilege of testing and hunting with theMossberg 500 Turkey Optic-Ready .410. The light weight, short (24-inch) barrel, and decent range make this shotgun perfect for all-day hunts or for new and youth hunters who could use a lot less recoil. Even if you don’t take advantage of the recessed receiver, this shotgun comes ready to hunt out of the box.

In short: The Mossberg 500 .410 Turkey can give you plenty of range without the weight or punishing recoil of your typical (12 gauge) turkey gun.

Mossberg 500 Optic-Ready .410 Turkey: Review

(Photo/Adam Moore)

Overview

Out of the box, the Mossberg 500 .410 Turkey comes with a front fiber optic sight, a 24-inch barrel, and Mossy Oak’s popular Green Leaf pattern — hallmarks of the turkey-specific shotgun. However, the Optic-Ready version also includes a recessed receiver that allows you to mount a red dot directly on it. Specifically, the .410 Turkey features the Shield RMSc footprint and accommodates the Holosun HS407k (which I used). It also includes a recoil pad (though unnecessary) and a factory XF choke.

Testing the Mossberg 500 .410 Turkey

(Photo/Adam Moore)

After receiving the shotgun and Holosun HS407k, I dialed in the red dot (which is actually green). I started with a box of Winchester Double X no. 7s. Once I had the point of impact where I wanted, I finetuned the setup with Federal Premium Heavyweight TSS no. 9s. One shot at 25 yards produced a tight, dense pattern — more than enough pellets to drop a turkey in its tracks.

At 40 yards, the pattern spread out significantly but still placed 94 pellets within a 10-inch circle. This is good, out-of-the-box shooting, and I would expect an aftermarket choke (with the right TSS load) to produce even better results.

(Photo/Adam Moore)

Afield, this shotgun is surprisingly nimble. It includes swivel studs, but you won’t need a sling on this .410. The Mossberg 500 .410 feels light in the hand, and it’s a joy to tote through the woods. Even on days where I covered several miles, I never missed a sling.

Where the Mossberg 500 .410 Turkey Falls Short

Mossberg 500s are proven, tough actions, and the company is no stranger to pump-action shotguns. That being said, 500s have a bit of play in the forend. This hasn’t affected performance, and this is totally subjective, but I’ve never been a fan of the loose fit.

(Photo/Adam Moore)

The fiber optic front post is nothing fancy. I would rather see a white or gold bead, but since it is turkey-specific, the norm trends toward FO. Overall, the price ($650) is decent. You’re not getting a steal, but for a ready-to-hunt turkey gun, it’s fair.

Compared to 12 and even 20 gauge, turkey ammo for a .410 isn’t cheap. Most .410 turkey ammo options are limited to TSS, so you can expect to spend at least $8 per shell (Winchester offers a copper-plated lead shot, but it didn’t pattern well enough for me to consider it with this particular setup).

By the time you fine-tune your setup and understand how your shotgun patterns at different ranges, you’ll have spent at least $100 in ammo before you’ve even thought about roosting a bird.

Where the Mossberg 500 .410 Turkey Excels

(Photo/Adam Moore)

I looked forward to hunting with this gun every time I took it out of the case. It’s light in the hand, pleasant to shoot, and it would also make for an exceptional squirrel gun. For the turkey woods, you can also balance it on your knee with one hand. If you do take advantage of the recessed receiver, it’s easy to form a nice cheek weld on the comb even with a red dot, and there’s no denying the proven 500 action.

Final Thoughts

(Photo/Adam Moore)

While the interest in sub-gauges continues to rise, ammo manufacturers should eventually offer more turkey load options. If you prefer calling them close, the Mossberg 500 .410 Turkey offers a great entry, especially for youth or new hunters itching to turkey hunt.

Meet Brad Leone’s Wife and Kids. His Age, Birthday, Height, Net Worth.

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Brad Leone, Full name, Brad Samuel Leone is a New Jersey-born Celebrity Chef and social media personality. The Institute of Culinary Education Graduate is a regular contributor to a Bon Appetite.

It is a video platform that offers up-and-coming chefs the chance to display their skills. Just recently, Brad was featured on the channel making pickled onions at home. It was the show’s 69th episode.

For his exploits in cooking, he has been nominated for a Shorty Award for Best in Food. Let’s look at some interesting facts about his wife Peggy and their kids.

Who is Brad Leone?

Brad Leone is a reality television host and YouTuber. His claim to fame came as a result of the cooking videos he made for the Bon Appetite Print Publication.

Once its popularity began to sore, the magazine decided to extend its influence to YouTube. Subsequently, the channel was launched back on the 30th of April 2008. 15 years on, and it has 6.33 million subscribers.

Brad joined the publication as soon as he graduated from college. He started as an intern, gradually rising to the position of sous chef.

At the time, he was required to do a lot of the grunt work; this ranged from making supplying runs, to cleaning the kitchen and washing all the dishes.

Chef Brad once jokingly referred to himself as a glorified dishwasher. Regardless, he did everything he was asked with gusto and was eventually named kitchen manager.

He finally got his big break in 2016, with the debut of a show titled ‘It’s alive.’ The show follows Brad as he tries out various new recipes and experiments with fermented foods.

Its first episode aired back on October 21st. Since then, it has a total of two seasons and four episodes. The Bon Appetite Kitchen Manager appeared on other TV shows like Gourmet Makes and Sean in the Wild.

Brad Leone’s Wife, Peggy Marie Merck.

Brad is married to a woman named Peggy Marie Merck. She is an event planner who hails from Sturgis, South Dakota. Peggy was born on the 19th of May 1983.

Brad and Peggy have a loving relationship. It is evident when you take a look at the latter’s Instagram handle. It is evident that her family is her main priority.

And looking at the Bon Appetite Kitchen Manager’s social media handles, we see that he feels the same. Just last year, Peggy accompanied her husband to the Palais des Festival, which was held in Cannes.

Chef Brad Leone and wife Peggy and their kids have also gone on multiple family vacations together. These include trips to places like Rockport, Massachusetts.

Their Kids.

Brad and his wife Peggy have two children together. Their son Griff was born on the 4th of May 2016. He just celebrated his birthday three months ago! Judging by the look of Peggy’s recent post, Griff had a good idea.

His younger brother Kyle was born on the 3rd of May, 2018. The boys’ birthdays are only a day apart. Kyle just turned two.

https://www.instagram.com/p/B_v6gEGgUZM/

Age and Birthday.

Brad Leone was born on May 16th, 1985, in New Jersey. As of 2024, he is 38 years old. Patience and loyalty are two of the best things about people who are born under the Taurus star sign.

His commitment and dedication to his work make much more sense now! After all, he spent months working as what he described as a ‘glorified dishwasher.’ Brad did not mind humbling himself to gain experience and learn.

Height.

The ‘it’s alive’ host is a tall drink of water! He stands in at an impressive 1.78 meters tall; this is the equivalent of 5 ft 10 inches tall.

Brad Leone’s wiki-bio.

Full name Brad Samuel Leone Age 38 years old Date of Birth 16th May 1985 Place of Birth New Jersey, USA Profession Celebrity host, Bon Appetite Kitchen Manager, Television host, YouTuber Net worth $1 million Partner Peggy Marie Merck Kids 2 Nationality American Ethnicity Caucasian Zodiac Sign Taurus Parents Michele C. Leone (father)

The Spiritual Meaning of Deer: Uncovering the Mystical Significance

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“Unveiling the Spiritual Depth: Exploring the Profound Meaning Behind Headlines” This thought-provoking headline delves into the intriguing world of spiritual significance lying beneath seemingly ordinary news headlines. Join us on a captivating journey as we unravel the hidden spiritual messages and explore their impact on our lives. Discover how even the most mundane headlines can hold profound truths and awaken our inner spirituality.

Exploring the Spiritual Meaning Behind the Appearance of a Deer

Exploring the Spiritual Meaning Behind the Appearance of a Deer

The appearance of a deer in Native American folklore is often seen as a sign that one must follow their intuition. It is believed that if a deer appears out of nowhere, it is a message from the spiritual realm urging individuals to trust their instincts and make decisions based on their inner guidance. Furthermore, if the deer is considered one’s spirit animal, it signifies that the person possesses strong intuition and is highly sensitive. They navigate through life gracefully yet purposefully, able to adapt and change directions swiftly when necessary. The deer’s ability to regenerate symbolizes its deep connection with life’s mysteries and its power to handle challenges with gentleness and grace.

Spiritual Significance of Seeing a Buck Deer

In the anecdote shared by the author, they mention an extraordinary encounter with a buck deer after praying for divine intervention regarding their financial situation. The rarity of seeing bucks in their area during hunting season made this occurrence even more significant for them. The appearance of the buck confirmed to them that their prayer had been answered by a higher power. This experience highlights the spiritual significance attributed to encountering specific animals or signs in nature as messages from the divine.

The Symbolism of Integration and Kindness

In dreams, deer often represent kindness and gentleness. Some dreams are believed to be precognitive, offering insights into future circumstances. If one dreams about encountering a deer, it may suggest that they will face challenging situations where choosing a path of kindness and gentleness will be beneficial compared to more harsh approaches. The act of looking at you may indicate that the deer is sharing its energy with you, creating a sense of unity between nature and oneself.

Overall, exploring the spiritual meaning behind the appearance of a deer reveals its symbolism as an intuitive guide, representing gracefulness, adaptability, regeneration, and handling challenges with gentleness. Whether encountered in real life or within dreams, the presence of a deer can serve as a reminder to trust one’s instincts and embrace kindness and compassion in navigating life’s journey.

Unveiling the Spiritual Significance of Encountering a Deer

Unveiling the Spiritual Significance of Encountering a Deer

Encountering a deer in Native American folklore is believed to hold significant spiritual meaning. It is seen as a sign that one must follow their intuition and trust their instincts. If the deer is considered your spirit animal, it suggests that you are a highly sensitive individual with strong intuition. You navigate through life gracefully yet purposefully, and have the ability to adapt and change directions swiftly when necessary. The deer’s symbolism also extends to its regenerative qualities, as it is deeply attuned to the mysteries of life. Furthermore, the deer embodies the power to face challenges with gentleness and grace.

The Significance of Requesting a Deer as a Divine Confirmation

In the personal account shared above, an individual sought divine guidance regarding their financial situation and specifically asked for a buck deer to appear on their property as confirmation from God. This request held great significance because, in over four decades of living there, neither they nor their family had ever spotted a buck deer before. The next morning, their prayer was seemingly answered when they witnessed a buck deer standing just 30 yards away from them. This encounter provided undeniable confirmation for them that their prayer had been heard and answered by a higher power.

The sighting of this rare buck deer not only served as a physical provision for the individual and their family but also carried deep spiritual meaning. It reinforced their belief in divine intervention and reaffirmed their connection with something greater than themselves.

The Symbolism of Kindness and Gentleness Associated with Deer

In various cultures and spiritual beliefs, encountering or dreaming about a deer is often associated with kindness, gentleness, and other positive attributes. Some dreams are even believed to be precognitive, offering glimpses into future circumstances where choosing kindness and gentleness may be essential in navigating challenges.

When a deer looks at you, it is believed to be sharing its energy with you. This exchange can create a sense of oneness with nature and a feeling of being weightless yet grounded simultaneously. The spiritual significance of encountering a deer encourages individuals to embrace these qualities in their own lives, fostering compassion, empathy, and a harmonious connection with the world around them.

In conclusion, encountering a deer holds deep spiritual significance. It serves as a reminder to trust one’s intuition, adapt gracefully to life’s changes, and approach challenges with gentleness and grace. Whether encountered in physical form or through dreams and symbols, the presence of a deer invites individuals to integrate kindness and compassion into their lives while fostering a deeper connection with nature and the spiritual realm.

The Deep Spiritual Symbolism of Seeing a Deer

The Deep Spiritual Symbolism of Seeing a Deer

Seeing a deer holds deep spiritual symbolism and is often considered a sign from the universe or a higher power. In Native American folklore, the deer is seen as a spirit animal that represents highly sensitive individuals with strong intuition. When encountering a deer, it is believed that one should follow their intuition and trust their instincts.

Graceful Movement and Quick Adaptability

Deer are known for their graceful movement and ability to change directions quickly if necessary. This symbolism reflects the importance of moving through life with purpose and adaptability. Just as the deer can swiftly change its course, we too must be open to new opportunities and ready to adjust our path when needed.

Regeneration and Connection to Life’s Mysteries

Another significant aspect of the deer’s symbolism is its ability to regenerate. The deer is highly attuned to life’s mysteries, representing a deep connection with nature and spiritual energies. This connection allows them to handle challenges with gentleness and grace, emphasizing the importance of approaching difficulties in life with compassion and understanding.

List:

– Strong intuition: The presence of a deer signifies that you possess strong intuitive abilities.
– Graceful movement: Like the deer, you have the capacity to navigate through life gracefully.
– Quick adaptability: You can change directions swiftly when faced with unexpected circumstances.
– Regeneration: The deer symbolizes your ability to heal and bounce back from challenges.
– Handling challenges with grace: Just as the deer handles difficulties gently, you have the power to face obstacles in your life with poise and kindness.

Overall, encountering a deer holds deep spiritual significance. It serves as a reminder to trust your intuition, embrace adaptability, connect with life’s mysteries, and approach challenges with gentleness and grace.

Understanding the Spirituality Associated with Deer Sightings

The Significance of Deer as a Spirit Animal

In Native American folklore, the deer is often seen as a powerful symbol representing intuition and sensitivity. If you see a deer appear out of nowhere, it is believed to be a sign that you must follow your intuition. People who have the deer as their spirit animal are considered highly sensitive individuals with strong intuitive abilities. They navigate through life gracefully yet purposefully, and can adapt and change directions quickly when necessary. The deer’s ability to regenerate is also symbolic of being attuned to life’s mysteries and having the power to handle challenges with gentleness and grace.

A Personal Experience with Deer Sighting

The author shares a personal experience where they were facing financial difficulties and prayed to God for help. They specifically asked for a buck deer to appear on their property as a sign from God. The next morning, they witnessed a buck deer standing near their chain link fence, confirming their belief that it was a spiritual intervention. This encounter not only provided them with meat for several months but also reinforced their faith in divine guidance.

Deer Symbolism in Dreams

In dreams, seeing a deer can carry various meanings, including kindness, gentleness, and precognition. Some dreams may serve as glimpses into future circumstances where choosing a gentle and kind approach will be beneficial. The act of the deer looking at the dreamer is believed to transfer its energy, creating a sense of oneness with nature and grounding oneself spiritually.

Overall, encountering deer or having them appear in dreams holds spiritual significance tied to intuition, sensitivity, gracefulness, adaptability, and handling challenges with gentleness. It serves as a reminder to trust one’s instincts and embrace kindness in navigating life’s journey.

The Intuitive and Mystical Meaning of Spotting a Deer

The Intuitive and Mystical Meaning of Spotting a Deer

Spotting a deer in unexpected circumstances can hold deep intuitive and mystical meanings. In Native American folklore, the appearance of a deer is often seen as a sign to follow one’s intuition. If the deer is considered your Spirit Animal, it signifies that you possess strong intuition and are highly sensitive. You navigate through life gracefully but with purpose, able to change directions swiftly when necessary. The deer’s ability to regenerate symbolizes its deep connection with life’s mysteries, while its gentle and graceful nature represents its power to handle challenges with ease.

When faced with financial difficulties, one individual turned to prayer for guidance and asked God for a sign regarding their situation. They specifically requested the presence of a buck deer on their property, as they had never seen one in the 40 years they had lived there. The next morning, their request was seemingly answered when they spotted a buck deer just outside their back door. This encounter held significant spiritual meaning for them, as it confirmed their belief that God would provide for their needs.

The immense size of the deer further emphasized the divine intervention at play. Despite being over 300 pounds themselves, it took both the individual and their spouse over 10 minutes to drag the deer even a short distance. This single act of hunting provided them with enough meat to sustain them for three months. The experience served as a reminder of the abundance that can come from relying on intuition and trusting in higher powers.

Overall, spotting a deer holds symbolic significance beyond its physical presence. It serves as a reminder to trust your instincts, embrace gracefulness in navigating life’s challenges, and remain attuned to the mysteries that surround us. By following these principles, one can find guidance and abundance even in unexpected circumstances.

Key Points:

– Spotting a deer is often seen as an intuitive sign.
– Deer are considered Spirit Animals in Native American folklore, representing sensitivity and strong intuition.
– Deer possess the ability to regenerate and handle challenges with grace.
– A personal experience showcased the power of prayer and divine intervention, as a requested buck deer appeared on their property.
– The encounter provided an abundance of meat, highlighting the importance of trust and intuition in navigating life’s challenges.

Unlocking the Spiritual Message Behind the Presence of a Deer

Unlocking the Spiritual Message Behind the Presence of a Deer

The presence of a deer in one’s life can hold significant spiritual meaning. In Native American folklore, the deer is often seen as a symbol of intuition and sensitivity. If the deer is your spirit animal, it suggests that you possess strong intuition and are highly attuned to life’s mysteries. You navigate through life gracefully yet purposefully, and have the ability to adapt and change directions quickly if needed. The deer also represents regeneration, as it is deeply connected to the cycles of life.

The Significance of the Deer’s Appearance

When a deer appears out of nowhere, it can be seen as a sign from the universe or higher power to follow your intuition. It may indicate that you are on the right path and should trust your instincts in making decisions. The sudden appearance of a deer can serve as a reminder to stay connected with your inner wisdom and listen to your inner voice.

The Gentle Strength of the Deer

One of the remarkable qualities associated with deer symbolism is its ability to handle challenges with gentleness and grace. Despite being a powerful creature, it moves through life with elegance and poise. This aspect serves as an inspiration for individuals who resonate with the deer spirit animal, encouraging them to approach difficulties in their own lives with kindness and compassion.

The Symbolism of Regeneration

The deer’s connection to regeneration signifies its deep understanding of life’s mysteries. It reminds us that even in times of hardship or loss, there is always room for growth and renewal. The deer teaches us to embrace change and embrace the opportunities it brings for personal transformation.

In conclusion, encountering a deer holds spiritual significance related to intuition, sensitivity, gracefulness, adaptability, gentleness, and regeneration. It serves as a reminder to trust our instincts, approach challenges with compassion, and embrace the cycles of life. By understanding the symbolic messages behind the presence of a deer, we can gain deeper insights into our own spiritual journey.

In conclusion, whether something has spiritual meaning or not is subjective and varies from person to person. While some may find deeper significance in certain experiences or objects, others may not. Ultimately, the interpretation of spiritual meaning depends on an individual’s beliefs, values, and personal experiences.

FFP VS SFP: Which is Best for Hunting, Long Range, AR & More

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These days, the availability of multiple types of scope configurations, focal planes, and features is a testament to how far telescopic sights have come over the years.

To those just getting into rifle scopes, it’s now a quandary to choose between FFP or SFP scopes.

How do you choose the best focal plane for your rifle or for the job?

The shooter must determine what the rifle will be used for 80-90% of the time. The intended application can help determine specific shooter needs that includes whether the benefits of FFP or SFP scopes are right for common approaches such as hunting, long range, or the AR-15.

More approaches to consider include combat, the LPVO, target shooting, and competition use. But before we get ahead of ourselves, what is FFP and SFP?

Let’s find out.

What is the Difference Between FFP and SFP Scopes?

Overall, the difference between FFP and SFP scopes is how the reticle performs in relation to magnification. FFP reticles will grow or decrease in size while SFP reticles will remain the same regardless of power changes. This is a direct result of where the reticle is placed in the scope.

Since both first and second focal plane rifle scopes look the same on the outside, you can’t tell them apart from appearance alone. Here is a rundown on FFP and SFP scopes to understand what they are, how they work, and their advantages.

What does FFP Mean on a Rifle Scope?

FFP means First Focal Plane but is also known as Front Focal Plane. What is FFP? It is the position of the reticle. It lies in front of the magnifying lens within the scope erector tube. The reticle increases in size as magnification increases and decreases in size as magnification decreases.

What Is FFP Low Magnification
Low Magnification
What is FFP Max Magnification
Maximum Magnification
Changes in the FFP reticle with magnification changes – Images by Tina Fa’apoi (Own Work) for Target Tamers

First Focal Plane Explained

Explaining first focal plane reticles must include discussion of subtension. FFP scopes have constant subtension. The measured amount of space/area the reticle covers up on a target remains the same regardless of magnification.

Subtension is the measurement of how much of a target or area is covered by the reticle at a specific distance. Because the reticle and magnification are in parallel, reticle crosshairs will always take up the same amount of space on a target whether you’re in low power or high.

What is SFP Low Mag
What is SFP Max Mag
FFP VS SFP: Which is Best for Hunting, Long Range, AR & More
FFP Reticle at High, Medium and Low Magnification – Images by Tina Fa’apoi (Own Work) for Target Tamers

What are the Advantages of a FFP Scope?

The first focal plane position of the reticle provides two primary advantages. First, constant subtension that allows for accurate ballistic holdovers at any magnification setting. Secondly, the magnified reticle at high magnification improves visibility of holdover points.

The best FFP scopes typically have a tactical or competition approach, but as hunters are demanding long range performance, FFP scopes can be used for hunting too.

FFP Pros & Cons

What does SFP Mean on a Rifle Scope?

SFP means Second Focal Plane but is also known as Rear Focal Plane. What is SFP? It is the position of the reticle. It lies behind the magnifying lens but in front of the eyepiece in a rifle scope. The reticle remains the same size (static) throughout the entire magnification range.

FFP VS SFP: Which is Best for Hunting, Long Range, AR & More
Low Magnification
FFP VS SFP: Which is Best for Hunting, Long Range, AR & More
Maximum Magnification
SFP reticle remains the same size throughout entire magnification range – Images by Tina Fa’apoi (Own Work) for Target Tamers

Second Focal Plane Explained

Explaining second focal plane reticles is cause for a discussion on subtension. Subtension is the measured amount of space or area on a target that crosshairs cover up at a specific distance. SFP reticles are important to understand as subtension is constantly changing as magnification changes.

The amount of space that the crosshairs cover up on a target at any distance will change as you increase or decrease magnification. As you increase power, the crosshairs will take up less ‘space’ on the target as the target gets larger in size. As you decrease power, the crosshairs will take up more ‘space’ on the target as the target gets smaller in size.

What are the Advantages of a SFP Scope?

Second focal plane advantages are many. With a reticle that doesn’t change size, it can provide better crosshair visibility for shooting in low magnifications. On the high end, it can improve visibility of small targets at max magnification. SFP scopes are common and more affordable than FFP scopes.

SFP Pros & Cons

FFP VS SFP: How to Choose?

Choosing between a FFP or SFP scope requires more insight than leaving it to personal preference alone. Other considerations such as magnification requirements and how the scope will be used most of the time must be factors that have weight in the final decision.

Hunting

What focal plane is best for hunting? Two factors must be considered: magnification and terrain. FFP scopes are compatible for high power and open country, mountainous terrain like Western big game hunting. SFP scopes can be great for low magnification and timber, brush, or Mid-West deer hunting.

Generally, 3-9x and 4-16x are great configurations for many hunting conditions and game as they can cover plenty of ground. The visibility of a reticle that doesn’t change size at low powers in lowlight conditions gives the SFP scope an edge that FFP cannot provide.

Normal reticle visibility of a SFP is also preferred for those in heavy brush and thick timber environments. With FFP reticles, the crosshairs can get too small and are difficult to see as they appear ‘lost’ against the terrain.

So, is FFP any good for hunting? FFP allows for accurate holdovers at any magnification, and it can be maximized to its full potential if you’re consistently hunting with magnifications of more than 12x. This is great for long-range, open country, and unpredictable, mountainous terrain. Dialing in or messing with magnification to get to the calibrated power to use the right holdover point on a SFP scope is less than ideal.

Ultimately, the last 30 minutes of last legal light is often the golden hour of filling a tag. Clarity, resolution, and brightness is best achieved in the lower powers, and since FFP scopes have a hard time with reticle visibility in low light and low power, the SFP remains the favorite focal plane scope for deer hunters.

Winner: SFP

Long Range

Long range shooting often means high magnification and a lot of dialing in or heavy dependence on the reticle. Whether it’s hunting or competitive shooting, long range performance is best done with a FFP scope.

FFP reticles are clearly the best scopes for long range shooting. The first benefit is that you can maximize use out of a complex reticle. With multiple elevation and windage holdovers that will always be accurate regardless of magnification, it makes for fast and straightforward decisions. This benefit also boosts confidence in reducing POI shifts when you do adjust the power.

Secondly, the reticle becomes larger in size as you crank up power. This makes it easier to see the crosshairs, hashmarks, and/or dots. The catch-22 is that on very small targets, FFP reticle subtension can obscure significant areas making it harder for exacting shots.

Is FFP or SFP better for long range shooting? SFP scopes will work for bench shooters who aren’t on the clock and content shooting from max power. Quality glass and turrets are essential. You’ll always have an easy to see reticle regardless of magnification. However, FFP is better suited to the job.

Winner: FFP

AR15

The AR-15 is a favorite and popular rifle used for everything from target shooting to hunting, law enforcement and competitions. FFP or SFP scopes can be mounted to a MSR to fit your requirements and intended applications.

Choosing between FFP or SFP scopes for an AR15 or any type of MSR comes down to intended applications and the range of magnification you will be using 80-90% of the time.

SFP is suitable for many applications especially when magnification is less than 12x. SFP scopes are very user-friendly on the low power end versus FFP scopes. Having a max of 12x or even pushing it to 14x with SFP is suitable for some long-range performance, and at that point, you can rely on holdover points onboard the reticle.

FFP will really shine for long range shooting, competition, and some hunting styles. Being able to increase the power but not max out and still have accurate holdovers is critical for these applications.

Since you can do a lot of various things with an AR, the type of focal plane scope you opt for should be suited to what you will be doing with it.

Winner: Tie

Combat

The LPVO or a high-powered scope used for combat, tactical, or home defense situations will have a reticle placed either in the first or second focal planes. For most professional scenarios, CQB performance is paramount.

The SFP reticle is constant, easy to see, and well suited to CQB combat. Even when you change magnification within 250 yards, there shouldn’t be any need to hold, at least on a man size target. A lot of law enforcement (LE) combat engagements are extremely close, and LE sniper scenarios may be closer than most people think.

You can opt for either FFP or SFP scopes for tactical use, but with a 50 to 100-yard zero, SFP will serve its purpose for close to mid ranges.

FFP reticles certainly have their place and can be extremely beneficial on magnified optics when holding over or for fast corrections and follow-up shots at a distance. It may come down to the type of combat and distance or speed requirements you anticipate needing.

Do snipers use FFP or SFP? It may depend on who you talk to. It’s been said that veteran snipers preferred the fixed 10x power scope. It may also depend on if it’s military or local police. Oftentimes, the budget is the determining factor versus the preference over reticle focal planes.

Winner: Tie

LPVO (Low Power Variable Optic)

LPVO scopes are close to mid-range optics and are great on tactical carbines. The 1x magnification and red dot capability are must-have features, but the low variable magnification makes it a versatile optic. SFP is appropriate for most scenarios, but FFP can provide distance advantages.

FFP reticles on a LPVO would be best suited to those who know they will be engaging targets at multiple and varied distances. This would be appropriate for competition shooters and military men and women on the front line. The use of a FFP LPVO will also ensure fast and accurate shots using holdovers.

It is worth mentioning that quality LPVO scopes with FFP reticles should be visible and fast to use in the low powers. FFP reticles are more common to find in 1-8x or 1-10x LPVO scopes.

In most circumstances, the SFP remains attractive to the LPVO user and is the most common type of focal plane available in 1-4x and 1-6x scopes. Even if you’re shooting over 300 yards, outside of specialized circumstances, you’ll likely have the time needed to dial in or max out the power for accurate holdovers. With a LPVO for an AR, there’s not much to complain about when it comes to using max power.

Winner: SFP

Target Shooting

There are many forms of target shooting from plinking, rimfire fun, and 100-yard shooting to testing out long-range skills and scope ability. For most purposes other than long range, the SFP reticle is the perfect scope for these scenarios.

A lot of people don’t need FFP scopes and target shooters generally fall into that category. Many target shooters are at the bench or in prone positions and aren’t racing against the clock. They have the time to dial in adjustments and shoot from the center point at their pace and will do fine with a SFP scope.

FFP may be desired for long range target shooting or perhaps for those who want a scope for aging eyes that allows them to see a larger reticle. More magnification doesn’t make you a better shooter, but it does allow you to see better.

The same can be said if you’re considering FFP or SFP for 22LR rimfires. Take into consideration what you’re using it for 80% of the time, the targets you’re shooting, and the distances. FFP would be great for target shooting practice for PRS matches but can obscure F-class smallbore targets. For most recreational purposes without holds, SFP does it.

Winner: SFP

3-Gun/Competition

Speed and accuracy are just two factors that are must-have features from a rifle scope for 3-Gun and many types of shooting competition matches. FFP is the way to go for varied distances and on-the-clock shots.

Precision marksmen almost always prefer FFP scopes. The ability to use accurate holdovers at any magnification makes for fast shots. You lose time with constantly dialing in on an SFP scope, decreasing magnification for wide FOVs to find the next target and then cranking it up to make a shot, or always being stuck max power.

The top scopes for competition shooting usually have a very wide magnification range allowing for adjustable FOVs for the widely varied target distances. The downside to the FFP is that the reticle can get small at lower power making it harder to see that center dot. Illumination can help to alleviate the problem. Nonetheless, the SFP has an advantage in that it always stays at its normal, visible size and is usually thin enough to see F-class smallbore targets.

Pro Tip: Some shooters in competitions that allow for more than one optic will use an FFP scope and red dot sight combo with a 45-degree offset mount.

Winner: FFP

SFP VS FFP: Which is Best for You?

The right scope will be the one that is best suited to the intended application. If it’s about cost alone, the SFP is cheaper as FFP reticles are nearly always glass-etched and precision alignment is imperative. Beyond the budget, choose the scope that offers the most advantages for the application.

In general, FFP is great for long range, high magnification, competition, and some professional tactical and hunting applications.

SFP is very good for most target shooting, hunting, and CQB performance. If you’re not holding over often, prefer consistent visibility of the reticle, or shoot small targets often, SFP is the way to go.

Keep in mind that experienced shooters find ways to help mitigate some of the problems inherent in each focal plane and work with it. Don’t let complex math, budget, or existing biases get in the way of choosing the right type of scope for you and for the job.

Further Reading

  • How to Measure Scope Ring Height (With Pics & Calculations)
  • How to Adjust a Rifle Scope: 6 Scope Adjustments Explained!
  • How to Level a Scope on a Rifle [Step-by-Step With Pics]
  • What is a Rifle Scope Ruler (Mildot Master) & How to Use It?
  • How to Lap Scope Rings (& Is Lapping Really Necessary?)

Complete Guide about Tea Harvesting

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Almost as important as tea processing is tea harvesting. As you may know, simply growing the tea plants can be a major challenge for the farmers, and it can take years to perfect.

Finally, after all the work the farmers have put into growing the tea, it comes time to pick the leaves. The tea harvest is something that comes a few times a year and it can actually determine the quality of a tea in many cases. The quality of a tea is not just determined by how the tea is grown and processed, but also how it is picked.

This said, let’s go into the detail to understand the tea harvesting process 🍃🍵

What is tea harvesting?

Harvesting tea leaves is an important stage in the tea production process. As you may know by now, a farmer can greatly change the flavor of a tea by harvesting tea leaves from different parts of the tea plant or at different times. This is one of the many calculations a farmer needs to make, in order to improve the flavor of the tea he produces, and to maximize the yield of his tea field.

How to Harvest Camellia sinensis

Harvesting tea leaves is just like harvesting the leaves of any other plant. You want to ideally pick the leaves at the stem, so it doesn’t interfere with the integrity of the leaf itself. Tea harvesting can require a lot of skill and it can be a full time job. For a tea like gyokuro for example, one of the most prized leaf teas in Japan, you need to pick the top three leaves of the tea plant. These are the sweetest in flavor and highest in nutrients.

You first need to identify the top three leaves of the tea plant and then you need to grasp the stem of the tea plant a few millimeters below the third leaf. Then you can gently pull up until you hear a small pop sound, and the leaf should be separated. This method of harvesting tea leaves is extremely time consuming but it can yield great quality green tea.

How many times can you harvest tea in a year?

Harvesting tea leaves is something that can happen up to 4 times per year. After the tea is harvested for the first time in early spring, it can then be harvested a second time in June or July. Tea from the second harvest is the second highest in nutrients and flavor, so it is often used for more inexpensive teas. Farmers may also combine leaves from the first and second harvest to lower the price of the tea, while still providing plenty of flavor. During the summer, the temperatures in much of Japan can get quite hot, so it is a lot of work to harvest during this time.

The tea plant can be harvested a third time in late summer, but this is really more common in southern Japan. The third harvest of the plant will produce very low quality tea that is lower in nutrients. The tea plant needs sufficient time to pull nutrients from the soil and when it is harvested in such a short amount of time, it is unable to produce as strong of a flavor.

In mid October or mid November, some tea plants will be harvested for a fourth and final time. This is known to some as Aki Bancha, or fall harvest. Some farmers choose to sell this tea to customers, but farmers like Mr. Watanabe in Yakushima have a different plan for the leaves. He harvests the leaves in fall and then actually uses them as a fertilizer for the plant. His thought behind this is that the tea plant has absorbed nutrients from the soil all year, so now it must return some at the end of the year.

How are the best leaves selected?

If you are producing a premium quality Japanese green tea, it has to come from the first harvest. The tea plant is harvested up to 4 times from April, all the way to November and the quality declines with each harvest. After the last tea harvest in November, the tea plant has all winter to build up nutrients and it releases those nutrients in the first sprouts of the spring time. These fresh spring leaves are the most flavorful, and therefore they command the highest price.

Tea picked during the first harvest is called ‘Shincha‘ and it is one of the highest regarded teas in Japan. Serious tea drinkers will wait around all year to be among the first to purchase the new Shincha harvest in springtime. This practice used to be more common decades ago, but now with the widespread use of refrigeration, the tea can be kept fresh all throughout the year. Shincha tea, like the Shincha from Mr. Nuruki can be quite flavorful, with a light sweet and savory flavor.

Once fall comes around in Japan, it becomes especially important for farmers to fertilize their tea crop. The soil must be set up for the long winter ahead, so the tea plant can rest and absorb nutrients ahead of the spring harvest. A lot of farmers will use a type of straw on the base of the tea plants. This serves a few important purposes. First, it allows the tea plant to retain moisture by locking in water. It also fertilizes the tea plant and keeps the roots warm through the winter.

After a long winter, the sprouts of the tea plant will begin to come up in the spring and soon they are able to be harvested. The most common way to harvest the tea plant in Japan is with this motorized tea harvesting machine. This is the most efficient way to harvest tea, and it’s one of the reasons why the tea plants are organized in these neat rows. The harvester will trim these like hedges and overtime they will develop a neatly carved shape.

Tea Harvester

The tea harvester is one of the more common tools used in tea harvesting. This tool is operated by two people, as they hold each side of the machine and walk along each side of the tea rows to trim the top leaves.

After being cut, these leaves are kept inside a net and collected afterwards. This tea harvester combines the precision of hand picking with the speed of the mechanical tea harvester, which we will mention next.

Mechanical Tea Harvester

The mechanical tea harvester is an innovative invention when it comes to harvesting tea leaves. This machine is essentially a combine that can be drive between the rows of the tea plant and automatically harvest them. The advantage of the mechanical tea harvester is that it is much faster than the hand held tea harvester. It simply skims the top of the tea bush to trim the top leaves of the tea plant and collect them into a net.

The downside of the mechanical tea harvester is that it is not as accurate as the hand held tea harvester. Because the mechanical tea harvester is so large, it is very difficult to control and you can be as precise with the harvesting as you can be with the hand held version. The results will show up in the leaves. You want larger leaves in the case of gyokuro and sencha and as long as the leaves look good, the tea harvester must work just fine!

Is a Tea Harvester better than a Mechanical Tea Harvester?

Technically the regular hand held tea harvester is better than the mechanical tea harvester, but there are a few different variables. The mechanical tea harvester is large and less maneuverable, but as long as all the tea rows are the same height, it should be able to get the job done. For this reason tea harvested with the mechanical tea harvester is not necessarily worse, it just comes down to what the final leaves end up looking like.

Handpicked tea leaves

Occasionally, tea like ceremonial matcha and Gyokuro will be made with hand picked leaves. This method of tea harvesting extremely expensive in Japan, but the benefit is that the leaves are picked perfectly. On one day out of the year, people from all around the town will gather on this field to pick the fresh sprouts of the tea plant. There is a precise method to their picking. They want to select the top 3 leaves of the tea plant, so they will pick slightly underneath the third leaf. Once the leaf has been picked, they will drop it into their basket and then look for the next one.

If a farmer wants to produce a more inexpensive tea like Bancha, they will select leaves lower down on the tea plant, along with some stems as well. This method of tea harvesting can give the farmer a much higher yield. The leaves are more mature, and not quite as flavorful. The more mature leaves of a Bancha are lower in caffeine and they can produce a quite pleasant citrusy flavor, with notes of cereal, popcorn and wood.

As you can see, the harvest can be an important factor in determining how prized a tea is. Depending on when it is picked, how it is picked and where on the tea plant it is picked, the tea can be in a completely different category. If you are interested in trying some first harvest teas with larger leaf pickings, we highly suggest you checkout our selection of gyokuro teas. These teas are designed to have an incredibly sweet flavor and a savory finish. They are known as being the most sought after leaf teas in Japan and a lot of work goes into their harvest. Try them out for yourself and let us know what you think!

— Mountains to Marsh

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I wanted to put together a total list of fish species I’ve caught, just to try and keep a running tab. Hopefully it will continue to grow as I fish more new waters. I think I get just as excited catching new species as I do catching truly big fish. I’m not on any kind of mission to catch a certain number of species, I just think it will be interesting to maintain and revisit the list from time to time. It should also help to serve as a place to ID a fish that you’ve caught, but have no idea what it is. Of course, I’m not a biologist, so take what I post with a grain of salt, most of my knowledge comes from experience, and the internet. In time I will add other freshwater fish from different families, then move on to saltwater, but for now here are the sunfishes.

Warning to some though, things are about to get nerdy. I’ll separate each species according to it’s taxonomy. Today I’ll start in freshwater with the sunfishes, family Centrarchidae, which has 8 genera, and 34 species native to North America. So far I’ve caught 21 of them. It helps to live in the Southeastern U.S. if you want to catch a variety of sunfish.

Where possible I’ll put up a picture and a distribution map of those that I’ve caught. Click the map for more information about that particular species. The distribution maps come from the original NatureServe Explorer or the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species site. Both are pretty good resources for finding information on specific plants and animals. I did not produce these distribution maps so I can’t confirm their complete accuracy, but I do trust they are mostly accurate.

Update, June 2018: Both of Lance Coley’s articles on black bass species have gone the way of the do-do. Tim Bonvechio and Patrick Cooney have a pretty good article on black bass up on The Fisheries Blog highlighting the 9 species that the scientific community are in agreement on. Work is being done to add more and those are mentioned in the article as well, so be sure to check it out.

Update, April and August 2021: I added a few new-to-me species this year and updated range maps for species that didn’t have one or where the range map info was old and outdated

Ambloplites – Rock Bass

Ambloplites ariommus – Shadow bass

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Ambloplites rupestris – Rock bass

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Centrarchus – Flier

Centrarchus macropterus – Flier

Lepomis – Sunfish

Lepomis auritus – Redbreast sunfish

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Lepomis cyanellus – Green sunfish

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Lepomis humilis – Orangespotted Sunfish

Lepomis gulosis – Warmouth

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Lepomis macrochirus – Bluegill

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Lepomis marginatus – Dollar sunfish

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dollar_sunfish

Lepomis megalotis – Longear sunfish

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Lepomis microlophus – Redear sunfish

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Lepomis miniatus – Redspotted sunfish

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Lepomis punctatus – Spotted sunfish

Micropterus – Black Bass

Redeye Bass

Micropterus cahabae – Cahaba bass (formerly Redeye bass, from the Cahaba River drainage)

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Micropterus chattahoochee – Chattahoochee bass (formerly Redeye bass, from the Chattahoochee River drainage)

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Micropterus coosae – Redeye(Coosa) bass (Redeye bass from the Coosa River drainage)

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Micropterus sp. cf. M. coosae – Bartram’s bass (formerly Redeye bass, from the Savannah River drainage)

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Micropterus sp. cf. M. coosae – Altamaha bass (formerly Redeye bass, from the Altamaha River drainage)

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Micropterus tallapoosae – Tallapoosa bass (formerly Redeye bass, from the Tallapoosa River drainage)

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Micropterus warriorensis – Warrior bass (formerly Redeye bass, from the Black Warrior River drainage)

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Smallmouth Bass

Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu – (Northern) Smallmouth bass

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Micropterus dolomieu velox – Neosho Smallmouth bass

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Micropterus sp. cf. dolomieu velox – Ouachita Smallmouth bass

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Largemouth Bass

Micropterus salmoides – (Northern) Largemouth bass

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The Other Black Basses

Micropterus cataractae – Shoal bass

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shoalbass

Micropterus treculii – Guadalupe bass

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guadalupe_bass_range

Micropterus hensalli – Alabama bass (formerly Spotted bass, of the Mobile River drainage)

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Micropterus punctulatus – Spotted bass (Kentucky)

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Micropterus haiaka – Choctaw bass

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choctaw_bass_map

The newest member of the black bass family as discovered by biologists with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Their range falls in between the Alabama bass and the Shoal bass in Gulf draining streams on the Florida panhandle and in Alabama.

Pomoxis – Crappie

Pomoxis annularis – White crappie

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Pomoxis nigromaculatus – Black crappie

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Best carp fishing boilies, wafters & popups

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Best boilies header

Let’s all agree from the start, boilies are the ultimate carp bait. Fished correctly nothing catches more carp around the UK and Europe than boilies and related hook baits.

But with so many available how can you know which are the best boilies on the market?

Here’s my guide to my bait and how to best fish it, it’s broken down as follows (Scroll through to what you are looking for)

Guides

  • Best small boilies (12mm and under)
  • Mid to large size (14mm+)
  • Best freezer boilies
  • Best popups
  • Best wafters
  • FAQs

Best boilie guide

Small boilies

As a day session angler, I’m really keen on smaller boilies and have used loads of different ones. Smaller boilies are a killer bait for winter carping. I always carry some 12mm boilies and hook baits on day sessions – they can be good for getting a bite if it’s a quiet day. My choice for the best small boilies is – Nash – Scopex Squid. These are awesome smelling bait that and the 12mms are nice and soft. They come with a full range of matching liquids and hook baits too.

Small boilies - Nash scopex squid 12mm

A bag will last me a few sessions in winter and I generally fish them in a solid bag or small bed of broken boilies. When fishing the bottom baits I’ll occasionally use them in a method or pellet feeder as a hook bait (See my guide to the best feeder pellets here). I always get great results at the lakes I fish with these boilies and they are my go-to small bait. You can mix it up and fish a 12mm snowman which can give you an edge on some waters.

Best full-size boilies

I’m saying full size for anything 14mm+ as I class anything under that as a small boilie. This section is basically what I think is the absolute ultimate must buy boilie.

And the winner is…

CC Moore live system boilies

CC Moore Live system

It’s fair to say CC Moores Live System boilies are my favourite boilie and these have accounted for some big carp around the world. They are a unique bait with an incredible smell and excellent consistency.

These are part of an incredible range of baits from CC Moore in this flavour with the stick mix being one of my favourite products to use. Here’s the full range –

  1. Shelf life boilies in various sizes (15mm – 18mm – 24mm)
  2. Matching Popups
  3. Balanced wafters
  4. Bag mix
  5. Base mix for rolling your own
  6. Freezer bait paste
  7. Hardened hook baits
  8. Airball popups
  9. Pellets
  10. Pre glugged hook baits
  11. Dumbell boilies

CC moore live system - the ultimate boilie range

The bag mix is fantastic for your PVA bags and it creates a good area of attraction around your bait to create a cloud of attraction. There are not many others on the market that combine these flavours and the difference gives you a good edge on harder waters rather than fishing the same baits everyone else is using.

If you want the best bait to catch more carp then I’d say you cannot go wrong with these – in summer, winter, autumn or spring!

What are the best popup boilies?

Best popups

I could have done a whole separate page on pop-ups with the amount of weird and wonderful baits there is on the market. I’ve tried fishing with the odd fluro mixed colour ones but just find they don’t work, well they didn’t for me anyway. Ones like this are not making the list!

The best popups in the UK

I’m sure someone out there loves these baits but it’s not me.

My favourite pop-ups are – CC Moore diary supreme pop-ups, washed-out pink colour. What I love about these are the colour and strength. The elite range can stay in the water for up to 24 hours and work really well with the matching glug. The 12mm is a great bait for the cooler months and is my preferred hook bait all winter. I’ll then switch to the larger sizes in the summer months.

These can be fished effectively on their own or over a bed of bait and work best with an added glug or bait spray booster. The 12mm version make great baits for a snowman rigs over a size 18mm/ 20mm boilie. These are excellent as a hook bait in a solid bag. As soon as you open a pot of these you’ll see why I rate them so highly. They are good sweet-smelling bait that is visually attractive.

Best Cheap boilies

Important – when I say cheap I mean ways to find good value quality boilies, I do not mean the £3 a kilo crap off eBay!

1 – Starmer baits – Starmer baits have a good range of quality boilies but with a bit of searching you can find 5KG bags of their offcuts and overruns at a great price – Check for stock here. With offcuts, you’ll never really know what you’re getting until they arrive and from experience, you’ll get some odd shapes and the occasional sausage in there. These are great boilies for feeding and mixing up how you fish. I’ve had some decent sessions on these.

2 – Premier baits – Randoms – Premier baits are one of my favourite frozen boilies manufacturers and for the best value freezer boilies you will not beat these at £17.50 per 5KG* (*Price correct at time of writing this blog, shipping is extra). These are again overruns from their mainline and are excellent boilies. Find them here.

Again you don’t know what you’re fishing with and will have a mix of boilies on the lake bed but at this price for the quality, you cannot go wrong. If available you’ll find them in the left-hand menu of the premier baits website.

Best freezer boilies

For big carp fishing and long sessions you simply cannot beat freezer baits. The quality of the baits are instantly noticeable and with a little prep and an air-dry bag (I use this one) then you’ll soon see the benefit of these baits.

1 – Premier Baits – Matrix Plus

What a bait the matrix is, I’ve caught loads of fish using these baits and were allowed I’ve some mates who take them to France every time they go. The Matrix plus is an advanced version of the original Matrix which is even more potent and took 2 years of testing before launch to make sure it was perfect.

The smallest amount you can buy is 5kg which comes in at a very reasonable £40 (Correct at time of writing and subject to change). Sizes go from 14mm up to 24mm and if you order 20kg or more then you’ll be able to split sizes. At a maximum, you can order 50KG for £290 which works out at just £5.80 a kilo – which is a great value.

FAQs

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