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Staccato CS: Best Carry 2011? [Complete Review]

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It seems, for the commercial pistol market, the future is in your holster.

The last half-decade has seen a veritable onslaught of options from every major manufacturer we can think of — from the first-generation of true pocket pistols, focused on “shrink it down and smooth it out,” to the current iteration of modular, high-capacity models with shorter sights and longer grips that are too big for your pocket but too small for your duty belt.

But there’s one pistol platform that never really fit in with the slick carry gun crowd — the 19/2011 genre of pistols. It’s not that these guns are strangers to the concealed carry role. In fact, Rock Island Arsenal devised the “General Officer’s Model Pistol” in the early 1970s.

This was a junior-sized variant of the 1911A1 with a 4.25-inch barrel, similar in form factor to the Colt Commander. Shortly after this, Detonics released their 3.5-inch Combat Master. In the mid-1980s, Colt followed suit with the Officer’s ACP, sharing that 3.5-inch barrel length.

Unfortunately, the Officer’s ACP quickly gained a reputation for being very snappy and not very reliable. Compared to modern striker-fired pistols, the 19/2011’s action is a little more complex, and cramming all those parts into such a restricted living space tends to create issues.

Since then, a number of companies have released 3.5- and even 3-inch 19/2011-style pistols in both single- and double-stack configurations. As a whole, they’ve seen mixed results over the years, but conventional wisdom has held that, once you shrink the 19/2011 operating system below 4 inches, performance takes a nose-dive.

Enter the new Staccato CS. Staccato has spent the last several years laboring to make the double-stack 2011 — once solely considered to be a rich man’s gamer gun — both ruggedized and accessible to the masses.

The team at Staccato tells us that their pistols are now approved for duty use by more than 700 law enforcement agencies across the country, no small feat considering that the first-generation Staccato P launch was covered in these pages less than five years ago. Since then, they’ve brought an entire line of 2011s to market for duty, carry, and competition use.

Staccato’s latest generation of stippling is a much finer grit-like texture, much easier to carry against the body.

The most diminutive of those was the single-stack Staccato C, with a 3.9-inch barrel, which was released in tandem with the C2, a double-stack model of the same length that could accept the entire range of full-size 2011 magazines from abbreviated 16-rounders all the way up to 26-round “happy sticks.” Certainly short enough for a carry holster, both the C and C2 still nicked the edge of that unspoken 4-inch minimum length for reliability and smooth operation.

The Staccato C was discontinued from production in late 2022. We heard rumors of this in advance, with whispers that its replacement would be a new, even-shorter double-stack model. Admittedly, we were wary of the swap. We really enjoyed the slimmer, single-stack profile of the C, finding that the “Officer Double Stack” grip on the C2 was a little too wide for us to carry without a sport coat or sweatshirt to cover it up.

The CS magazine, side-by-side with the Staccato C2 magazine (black) highlights the dimensional differences in the two sticks.

We were also keenly aware of the functional issues that could arise from shrinking a 2011 to the forbidden length. The bottom line is that we expected a sawed-off C2 and were skeptical of that concept’s merit. Then, we got our hands on the CS. It was explained to us at unveiling time that the CS includes several proprietary internal and external design changes.

After getting up-close and personal with it, the Staccato CS has not only transcended our previously held notions about 3.5-inch 19/2011 pistols, but recaptured our interest in the evolution of the 2011 as a platform.

SKIN DEEP

For the uninitiated, 2011s consist of three main parts: the polymer grip module, the metal frame (dust cover, rails, skeleton for the grip, and some other parts), and the upper half — the slide and everything inside it. These pieces aren’t plug-and-play across sizes and models, though gunsmiths and enthusiastic tinkerers have managed to find some combinations that work between existing Staccato variants.

Both the grip module and frame on the CS are completely different from any existing Staccato. We’ll talk more about the frame shortly, but the grip circumference is significantly reduced compared to previous models.

They also toned down the texture a little. If you’re familiar with the wraparound “star stamp” texture on larger Staccatos, you’ll know it’s a good aggressive treatment for hard shooting, but less optimal for against-the-body carry. By contrast, the CS grip sports a fine-grit sandy texture with more refined contours.

That grip is designed around a new magazine. There’s good news and bad news here. The bad news is, if you already have one or more full-size 2011s, those magazines won’t be cross compatible with the Staccato CS. With 2011 mag prices reaching well-north of $50 each, we understand if the idea of having to start a second mag collection to feed the CS might be disconcerting.

But these 16-round sticks are leaner, with an improved follower design to optimize feeding at the steeper angle required in short guns, and every CS pistol will ship with three of them in the case. Not only is this a general value-add, it’s also the typical number of mags required for a two- or three-day pistol class. In our mind, this is Staccato’s attempt to send potential buyers a message — the CS is a carry gun that’s meant to be shot as much as it’s carried.

To the same end, the CS also comes optics-ready, with a section of Picatinny rail on the dust cover for a carry light. In our testing, only two lights would fit properly on the Staccato CS light rail: SureFire’s XSC and Streamlight’s TLR-7 Sub. Since both lights are handgun-specific, make sure you pick up the 1913 rail version. None of the larger weapon lights we tried would fit.

BEAUTY ON THE INSIDE

While we appreciate the aesthetic and ergonomic updates, where the CS really makes its money is under the hood. Staccato has made some meaningful changes to the internal design, with the aim of amplifying all of the existing advantages of the 2011.

One of the most noticeable design changes is that the CS is Staccato’s first model to feature an external extractor. To 19/2011 purists, this may appear at first as a step backwards. Especially in the 1911 world, external extractors are sometimes considered a warning sign of mass-produced pistols that have not felt the gentle touch of gunsmith that all 1911s inherently require.

Sometimes they’re seen as a sign of laziness or lack of knowledge on how to properly tune a traditional extractor.

The wide-mouth magwell makes magazine changes a cinch.

We think it’s safe to say that Staccato pistols aren’t built lazily or without knowledge of the platform. When talking with the Staccato team, they said the switch to external extractors was made for a couple of reasons. One was ease-of-maintenance for the armorers at those 700-plus professional agencies that authorize or issue Staccatos on a widespread basis, since the spring or even the entire extractor can be replaced without having to detail strip the slide.

The other is consistency. They can drop the same extractor, with the same matching spring, into each and every CS, as opposed to having to hand tune a traditional extractor, which introduces some element of human variance between pistols. They also tell us that even with zero tension (a round manually hung on the hook falls off), their external extractors pulled spent brass effectively and repeatedly during normal firing.

With Staccato’s hard focus on the LE duty market, refining their design to run under the worst possible conditions is an ever-present goal.

Once you get the slide off the gun, you’ll notice the CS also has continuous, full-length frame rails. Larger model Staccatos have interrupted frame rails, a requirement to accommodate their full-size double-stack magazines.

But with the narrower profile of the new CS magazines, full-length frame rails become possible again — a boon to slide/frame fit and accuracy. Staccato designers went one step further by cutting thin grooves on the inside of the rails to hold lubricant on the rails longer.

It was previously held wisdom that thinner lubricant was generally preferred by Staccato pistols, to permeate the tight slide/frame fit. The side effect of this tight fit is that lubricant can be pushed or worn off the rails more quickly and that built-up carbon doesn’t have anywhere else to go.

The new frame rails, in addition to lubricating grooves, also have small half-moon cuts on either end so that grit and debris can be pushed out of the rail grooves as the slide reciprocates.

Despite its diminutive size, the CS can still accept a full-size pistol red dot, like this Holosun 507C.

How well does all this stuff work? Staccato tells us that all of their previous testing has yielded a rough bracket of 1,000 to 2,000 rounds before the slide loses lubrication and starts dragging on the frame rails from carbon buildup. With the new rails on the CS, pre-production test samples were able to run 3,000 to 4,000 rounds before those effects set in, since lubricant can remain on the rails longer and build-up can be “scrubbed out” more easily during the firing cycle.

While the CS’s short barrel is fluted, they’re applied sparingly and specifically. There are two longitudinal flutes applied at the 4- and 8-o’clock positions on the barrel. While they might not do much to reduce weight, their purpose is to act as a heat-release feature.

The shorter CS action, combined with increased amount of metal-to-metal contact between the barrel, slide, and frame, opens the door for rapid heating of the pistol during high volume shooting.

Much like the inclusion of three magazines, the design logic of including a couple barrel flutes points squarely to the notion of training with your carry pistol consistently and aggressively.

Finally, there were some changes made to the recoil system to optimize it for reliability in the shorter workspace of the CS frame. We do know it’s a toolless, multi-stage system with some similarity to previous designs, but Staccato was pretty tight-lipped on the specific changes made here. Regardless, we found the system to work consistently and effectively for managing recoil, even during sustained rapid-fire testing.

ROUNDS DOWNRANGE

Our very first rounds downrange on the CS were shot at Staccato’s live launch event, where they had several different courses of fire set up to highlight various aspects of the CS’s performance capability. We started on the long-range challenge, which had C-zone steel arrayed from 50 to 200 yards. In our first six shots fired through the CS, we scored hits on 50-, 75- and 100-yard steel. That set the tone for the remainder of our range testing.

Over the course of the following 500 to 700 rounds, we put the CS into as many hands as we could, including the range staff at our receiving FFL, several student athletes from the Wildgats Scholastic Shooting team at University of Arizona, and most of the RECOIL editorial team.

The CS can wear subcompact weaponlights like this SureFire XSC.

This subcompact powerhouse received universal high remarks and only suffered one stoppage — the result of a squib load while shooting some 147-grain subsonic rounds. Once we tapped the slug out of the chamber and reassembled the gun, it continued to run like a Swiss watch for the duration of our testing.

LOOSE BRASS

Staccato announced that the first CS pistols should be shipping to dealers by the end of 2022, so as you read this, you should be free to go pick one up, if the $2,499 MSRP doesn’t stop you from leaping off the couch.

The price of admission has never been low for 2011s. But it’s worth noting that a highly accurate, highly reliable Staccato costs about half of what it would have taken to get the same level of performance from a 2011 a few years ago. They also don’t require aftermarket assistance to live up to their potential.

SPECS:

Staccato CS

  • Caliber: 9x19mm
  • Capacity: 16+1
  • Barrel Length: 3.5 inches
  • Overall Length: 7.1 inches
  • Weight: 22.7 ounces
  • MSRP: $2,499

ACCESSORIES

  • Optic: Holosun 507C $309
  • Light: SureFire XSC $359
  • Price as shown: $3,167

Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Deer Meat: What’s the Differences?

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Learn the key distinctions between backstrap and tenderloin in deer meat. Discover the nuances in taste, texture, and cooking methods that set these cuts apart. Gain a deeper understanding of these two popular options for maximizing your culinary experience with venison.

Understanding the Distinction: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Deer Meat

Understanding the Distinction: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Deer Meat

When it comes to deer meat, there is often confusion between the backstrap and tenderloin cuts. While they are both desirable and delicious, they are not the same thing. The backstrap refers to the large muscles that run parallel along both sides of a deer’s spine and rest on top of the ribcage. On the other hand, the tenderloins are smaller cuts located inside the abdominal cavity underneath the backstrap and spine.

To understand this distinction, think of backstrap as the ribeye in beef and the tenderloins as filet mignon. Both cuts are highly prized for their tenderness, but they differ in size and location within the deer’s body.

To access the tenderloins, you will need to field-dress the deer and remove them from inside the body cavity. They are usually hidden by a layer of fat and lie between the ribs and pelvis. The backstraps, on the other hand, can be easily removed with a sharp fillet knife by making horizontal and vertical cuts along either side of the spine.

The backstraps belong to a group of muscles called Longissimus, which include three sections: Longissimus capitis, Longissimus cervicis, and Longissimus dorsi. The Longissimus dorsi is what we commonly refer to as “backstrap” and is known for its tenderness and flavor. It extends from the shoulder blades all the way down to the lowest vertebrae.

Unlike other muscles in a deer’s body that bear weight constantly, such as shoulders or hindquarters, backstraps are not used for weight-bearing activities. This lack of constant use contributes to their tenderness compared to other cuts.

In terms of cooking and nutrition, backstrap is highly versatile due to its lean nature. It is low in calories and fat, making it a healthy choice. A 3.5-ounce portion of venison backstrap contains only 150 calories and 2.4 grams of fat, compared to beef loin with 205 calories and about 10 grams of fat. Venison is also rich in protein, packing nearly 30 grams per serving.

With its tenderness, lean profile, and versatility in the kitchen, backstrap is a favorite among hunters for good reason. It offers quality nourishment while allowing for various cooking methods and flavors.

In conclusion, understanding the distinction between backstrap and tenderloin in deer meat is essential for both experienced and new hunters. While they are often used interchangeably, they refer to different cuts with distinct characteristics. Backstrap refers to the large muscles along the spine, while tenderloins are smaller cuts located inside the abdominal cavity. Both cuts are highly desirable for their tenderness and flavor, but it’s important to know where they are located on a deer and how to properly remove them for cooking.

Exploring the Variances: Backstrap and Tenderloin in Deer Meat

When it comes to deer meat, two cuts that are often confused are the backstrap and tenderloin. While they are both desirable cuts, they are not the same thing. The backstrap refers to the large muscles that run parallel along both sides of a deer’s spine and rest on top of the ribcage. On the other hand, the tenderloins are smaller cuts located inside the abdominal cavity underneath the backstrap and spine.

To put it in perspective, think of the backstrap as the ribeye in beef and the tenderloins as filet mignon. Both cuts are known for their tenderness, but their names are often used interchangeably.

The tenderloins can be accessed from inside the body cavity after field-dressing the deer. They are usually hidden by a layer of fat and lie underneath the spine between the ribs and pelvis.

The backstrap belongs to a group of muscles called Longissimus, which includes three sections: Longissimus capitis, Longissimus cervicis, and Longissimus dorsi. The Longissimus dorsi is what we commonly refer to as “backstrap” – a thick, tubular, lean muscle that extends from the shoulder blades to the lowest vertebrae.

Unlike other muscles used for weight-bearing like shoulders or hindquarters, backstraps do not constantly bear weight. This lack of constant use makes them more tender compared to other cuts.

To remove the backstrap from a deer carcass, start with a horizontal cut at the junction of the spine and pelvis. Then make a vertical cut down the spine, carefully removing meat from the bone until you reach the base of the neck. Slice along the ribs to delicately trim meat from the ribcage.

Backstrap is highly desired among hunters and cooks due to its tenderness, leanness, and versatility. It is a healthy and nutrient-dense meat, packed with protein and various minerals. A 3.5-ounce portion of venison backstrap contains only 150 calories and 2.4 grams of fat, compared to beef loin’s 205 calories and approximately 10 grams of fat.

With its unique flavor profile and easy cooking methods, backstrap lends itself well to experimentation with different recipes. It is an excellent way to introduce others to the joys of hunting culture and the deliciousness of venison.

The word “venison” derives from the Latin word “venari,” meaning to hunt or pursue. Originally used to describe meat from any game animal killed by hunting, it has evolved over time to specifically refer to members of the deer family.

If you’re interested in expanding your knowledge about deer hunting or getting involved with organizations like the NDA (National Deer Association), there are various opportunities available such as joining local branches, attending banquets or field days, or even helping form new branches.

In conclusion, understanding the variances between backstrap and tenderloin in deer meat is essential for both experienced hunters and newcomers alike. These cuts offer different flavors, textures, and cooking possibilities, making them prized delicacies among hunters and food enthusiasts alike.

Demystifying the Cuts: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Venison

Demystifying the Cuts: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Venison

When it comes to venison, two cuts that often get confused are the backstrap and the tenderloin. While they may be used interchangeably in conversation, they are not the same thing.

The backstrap refers to the large muscles that run parallel along both sides of a deer’s spine and rest on top of the ribcage. It is a long “strap” of muscle that extends from the shoulder blades all the way down to the lowest vertebrae. In terms of comparison, it is similar to a ribeye in beef.

On the other hand, the tenderloins are smaller cuts located inside the abdominal cavity underneath the backstrap and spine. They lie between the ribs and pelvis and are usually hidden by a layer of fat. Think of them as filet mignon in beef.

To access the tenderloins, you would need to field-dress the deer and remove them from inside the body cavity. They are considered more desirable cuts due to their tenderness.

In terms of taste and texture, both backstrap and tenderloin are prized for their tenderness and lean quality. They are often considered America’s best cuts of meat due to their versatility in cooking methods.

When it comes to nutritional value, venison is a healthier option compared to beef. A 3.5-ounce portion of venison backstrap has fewer calories and less fat than an equivalent portion of beef loin. Venison is also packed with protein and various nutrients such as niacin, iron, potassium, zinc, and B-vitamins.

Removing backstrap from a deer carcass is relatively simple once you have skinned it. The backstrap can be easily separated from the spine by making horizontal and vertical cuts along its length. Carefully trim away any meat from the ribcage to ensure you don’t leave any behind.

In conclusion, while backstrap and tenderloin are both desirable cuts of venison, they are not the same thing. Backstrap refers to the large muscles running along the deer’s spine, while tenderloin is a smaller cut located inside the abdominal cavity. Both cuts offer tenderness and lean quality, making them popular choices among hunters and meat enthusiasts alike.

Decoding the Terminology: Backstrap and Tenderloin in Deer Meat

Decoding the Terminology: Backstrap and Tenderloin in Deer Meat

The backstrap and tenderloin are two highly sought-after cuts of meat in deer hunting. While they are often used interchangeably, it is important to understand that they are not the same thing. The backstrap refers to the large muscles that run parallel along both sides of a deer’s spine and rest on top of the ribcage. It is a long “strap” of muscle that extends from the shoulder blades all the way down to the lowest vertebrae. On the other hand, the tenderloins are smaller cuts located inside the abdominal cavity underneath the backstrap and spine.

To put it into perspective, think of backstrap as the ribeye in beef, while tenderloins can be compared to filet mignon. Both cuts are highly desirable due to their tenderness, but their names are often confused. The tenderloins are usually hidden by a layer of fat and can be accessed from inside the body cavity after field-dressing the deer.

When it comes to removing the backstrap from a deer carcass, it is a fairly simple process. Starting with a horizontal cut at the junction of the spine and pelvis, make a vertical cut down the spine while carefully removing the meat from the bone until you reach the base of the neck. Then, slice along the ribs to delicately trim away any remaining meat from the ribcage.

The reason why backstraps are so tender is because these muscles do not constantly bear weight like shoulders or hindquarters do. The more a muscle is used, such as in weight-bearing activities, the tougher it becomes as muscle fibers break down and rebuild. In comparison, backstraps experience less strain and therefore remain tender.

The backstrap is highly prized among hunters for its tenderness, lean nature, and versatility in cooking. It is considered one of America’s best cuts of meat. Venison, in general, is a healthy and nutrient-dense protein source. A 3.5-ounce portion of venison backstrap contains only 150 calories and 2.4 grams of fat, compared to 205 calories and about 10 grams of fat in the same portion of beef loin. Additionally, venison is packed with essential nutrients and minerals.

In conclusion, understanding the difference between backstrap and tenderloin is important for any deer hunter or enthusiast. While they are both desirable cuts, they have distinct characteristics and locations within the deer’s body. The backstrap is a long muscle running along the spine, while the tenderloins are smaller cuts located underneath the backstrap and spine inside the abdominal cavity. Both cuts offer delicious flavor and tenderness when properly prepared.

Unveiling the Differences: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Venison Cuts

The article discusses the differences between backstrap and tenderloin in venison cuts. Backstrap refers to the large muscles that run parallel along both sides of a deer’s spine and rest on top of the ribcage. It is often confused with tenderloin, which is smaller and located inside the abdominal cavity underneath the backstrap and spine.

Backstrap is comparable to ribeye in beef, while tenderloin is similar to filet mignon. The two cuts are desirable due to their tenderness, but their names are often confused. Tenderloins are usually hidden by a layer of fat and can be accessed from inside the body cavity after field-dressing the deer.

The backstrap belongs to a group of muscles called the Longissimus, which includes three sections: Longissimus capitis, Longissimus cervicis, and Longissimus dorsi. The Longissimus dorsi is the longest and largest muscle, extending from the shoulder blades to the lowest vertebrae. This is what is typically referred to as “backstrap.”

Backstraps are tender because they do not constantly bear weight like shoulders or haunches do. The more a muscle is used, the tougher it becomes. Backstraps are easily removed from a deer by making horizontal and vertical cuts along the spine.

Venison backstrap is highly desirable due to its tenderness, leanness, and versatility in cooking. It is considered one of the healthiest and most nutrient-dense meats available, being low in calories and fat while high in protein and various nutrients.

Overall, understanding the differences between backstrap and tenderloin can help hunters properly identify and utilize these prized cuts of venison in their cooking preparations.

Differentiating Prime Cuts: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Deer Meat

Differentiating Prime Cuts: Backstrap vs. Tenderloin in Deer Meat

When it comes to venison, the backstrap and tenderloin are two prime cuts that are highly sought after by hunters. However, there is often confusion about these cuts and their differences.

Firstly, it’s important to understand that backstrap and tenderloin are not the same thing. Backstrap refers to the large muscles that run parallel along both sides of a deer’s spine and rest on top of the ribcage. On the other hand, tenderloins are smaller cuts located inside the abdominal cavity underneath the backstrap and spine.

To put it in perspective, think of backstrap as the ribeye in beef, known for its tenderness and flavor. The tenderloins, on the other hand, can be compared to filet mignon, another highly prized cut due to its tenderness.

The process of removing these cuts from a deer is also different. Backstraps can be easily accessed by making a horizontal cut at the junction of the spine and pelvis, followed by a vertical cut down the spine. Carefully trimming along the ribs allows for the removal of backstraps without leaving any meat behind.

Tenderloins, on the other hand, are located inside the body cavity and can be accessed after field-dressing the deer. They are usually hidden by a layer of fat and require careful removal from inside.

The reason why backstraps and tenderloins are considered desirable cuts is due to their tenderness. Unlike muscles that bear weight constantly like shoulders or haunches, these cuts are not used as extensively by deer and therefore remain more tender.

In terms of nutritional value, venison backstrap is an excellent choice. It is lean with only 2.4 grams of fat per 3.5-ounce portion according to USDA data. It is also a great source of protein, packing nearly 30 grams per serving. Additionally, venison is loaded with nutrients and minerals such as niacin, iron, potassium, zinc, and B-vitamins.

With its tenderness, flavor, and nutritional value, backstrap is a versatile cut that can be cooked in various ways. Whether it’s grilling, pan-searing, or slow-cooking, there are plenty of recipes to explore and enjoy this staple of the hunting culture.

In conclusion, while backstrap and tenderloin are often used interchangeably in hunting camps, they are not the same thing. Backstrap refers to the large muscles along the spine while tenderloins are smaller cuts inside the abdominal cavity. Understanding these differences allows hunters to fully appreciate and utilize these prime cuts in their culinary endeavors.

In summary, the main difference between backstrap and tenderloin in deer meat is their location on the animal. While both cuts are highly prized for their tenderness and flavor, the backstrap is longer and runs along the spine, offering slightly more meat, whereas the tenderloin is smaller and located inside the rib cage. Ultimately, personal preference will determine which cut to choose for a delicious venison dish.

9 dog breeds with the strongest bite force

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While all dogs have the potential to nip and bite, some breeds have stronger bites than others due to their powerful jaws, large teeth and fearless character.

When researching dog breeds, it’s important to remember the factors that contribute to biting incidents, such as anti-social behaviour by irresponsible owners who train their dogs to be aggressive. Many dogs have been bred specifically for their intelligence and strength, while others may simply be the result of poor ownership.

To help us understand more about the dogs who bite, Norfolk-based animal behaviourist and trainer, Sarah-Jane White, has measured the strength of dogs by looking at the pounds per square inch (PSI) for each breed.

Take a look at the full list of dog breeds below…

1. German Shepherd

“The German Shepherd is a breed that is well-known for its strength and intelligence,” says Sarah-Jane White. “With a bite force of 238-291 PSI, this breed is often used for law enforcement, military and protection. German Shepherds are also popular as family pets due to their loyalty and obedience. They are the eighth most popular dog in the UK.”

2. American Bulldog

“The Bulldog is a strong breed of dog that has a very powerful bite,” explains Sarah-Jane. “With a bite force of 305 PSI, this dog is not to be trifled with! Often used as a guard dog or for protection, the American Bulldog is a breed that you want on your side. They are energetic and require a lot of exercise, but make great family pets.”

3. Rottweiler

“The Rottweiler is a powerful breed of dog that is known for its strength and intelligence. With a bite force of 328 PSI, this breed can definitely hold its own against other animals. Often used as a guard dog, the Rottweiler is a breed that you don’t want to mess with! They make really lovable companions with the right training.”

4. American Pit Bull Terrier

“The American Pit Bull Terrier is a breed that is known for its strength and determination. With a bite force of 240-330 PSI, this breed can definitely bring down larger prey,” Sarah-Jane explains.

“Pitbull terriers are legal in the United States. But in Canada, pit bulls are banned in many towns and cities. Puerto Rico had a two-decade ban in place until 2018, when it was once again made legal to own, sell and import the breed. They are banned in the UK.”

5. Mastiff

“The Mastiff is another large breed of dog that is known for its strength and power. With a bite force of 556 PSI, this breed can easily overpower other animals. This is more than three times the bite force of an average dog.”

6. Cane Corso

Sarah-Jane continue: “The Cane Corso is a breed that is known for its power and strength. With a bite force of 650 PSI, this breed can take down prey much larger than itself.”

7. Turkish Kangal

“The Kangal Shepherd is a Turkish breed of dog that is known for its large size and impressive strength. With a bite force of 743 PSI, this breed is the undisputed king of the canine world when it comes to raw power. Typically used to protect against wolves, bears, and jackals in its native Turkey due to its intimidating size and capabilities as an effective guardian.

“While all of these breeds are incredibly strong, the Kangal takes the top spot as the dog with the strongest bite in the world. With a force that is more than three times that of an average dog, this breed can take down prey much larger than itself. So, if you are looking for a dog that is not only powerful but also fearless, the Kangal is the breed for you!”

8. Dutch Shepherd

According to Petkeen, Dutch Shepherds are often used by law enforcement in different countries and nearly went extinct in World War Two. While the breed is still rare, their usefulness and powerful bite of 224 PSI has kept them around.

9. Tosa Inu

This large-sized breed, currently banned in the UK under the Dangerous Dogs Act, is known for its protection and powerful nature. Originating from Japan, they have a bite force of 556 PSI and have been sadly bred to fight completely silently.

Top WMAs for Deer Archery Hunting

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Deer archery is the same as statewide season on a number of Wildlife Management Areas. Increased opportunities to archery hunt on WMAs and liberal bag limits means there has never been a better year to archery hunt white-tailed deer in Oklahoma. With so many places to choose from, we’ve rounded up the top WMAs for archery hunting whitetail deer in each region to help you get started. And as you head into the field this year, remember that Hunters in the Know … Take a Doe!

Beaver River WMA/wildlifedepartment.com

Northwest

Less than 100 miles northwest of Oklahoma City is Canton WMA. Its 14,877 acres surround the majority of Canton Lake known for excellent walleye fishing. Canton WMA has a lot to offer Oklahoma bowhunters. Much of the area adjacent to Canton Lake and the North Canadian River is a densely vegetated bottomland habitat. Primitive camping is available at designated areas along most access roads on the area. Additionally, developed campgrounds with RV hookups are available around Canton lake. Contact the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for more information on the developed campground sites.

Ft. Supply WMA and Cooper WMA are just 8 miles from Woodward and surprisingly don’t receive a lot of attention from bowhunters. The river bottom consists of cottonwood, American elm, hackberry and eastern red cedar, giving bowhunters excellent options for ground or treestand hunting. A bonus is the proximity of these areas to Woodward, which offers hunters who aren’t into “roughing it” the chance to grab a hot meal and sleep in a warm bed.

Beaver River WMA covers a sprawling 17,700 acres in western Beaver County. From the eastern boundary, a hunter would have to walk more than 15 miles to reach the western boundary. Near the southern border lies the Beaver River. Pockets of river bottom hardwoods can be bustling with deer activity. These pockets are great for the hunter who doesn’t have a tree stand or blind and simply uses natural vegetation as cover.

Cookson WMA/Photo by Jena Donnell

Northeast

Both Cookson WMA and Cherokee PHA/GMA were previously closed to archery hunting from the opening day of muzzleloader through deer gun season. Now, archery hunting is the same as statewide season dates, giving archery hunters an additional 6 weeks of hunting. (Some weekends are closed for controlled hunts only). These 2 areas combined offer more than 46,000 acres giving archery hunters lots of space to roam.

Hulah WMA is in the heart of big deer country. This WMA is vast, covering more than 16,000 acres in Osage County. In Oklahoma, Osage county holds the record for most bucks harvested during the archery season with 681 bucks during the 2019-20 season. Hulah WMA is often overlooked as hunters focus on leasing private land in Osage county.

James Collins WMA/Photo by Jena Donnell

Southeast

Three Rivers and Honobia Creek WMAs are a popular spot for gun hunters. In fact, Three Rivers WMA had the second-highest harvest totals for the 2019-20 deer gun season, and the highest deer harvest totals overall (archery, muzzleloader and gun). So what does that mean for archery hunters? Early access to one of the top destinations for whitetail hunting.

Ouachita WMA is always a great destination, but be warned, this WMA is not for the faint of heart. Covering 232,000 acres of remote and rugged forest land of the Ouachita mountain foothills, this will not be an easy hunt but it will be rewarding.

Atoka WMA is unique in that it is part of a chain of public hunting land. To the east is the Atoka Public Hunting (PHA) area bordered to the south by Stringtown WMA and McGee Creek WMA. With so many public areas sharing borders, it is like a public land supergroup.

James Collins WMA has a reputation for producing trophy bucks, meaning it can get crowded. Our advice is to carve out some weekday trips to avoid weekend crowds. Take some time to scout the area, and be ready to hunt the week prior to opening deer gun season. Crowds are smaller, and deer are beginning to move. But even if you can’t do that, James Collins is still a great option for those who intend to hunt archery during the statewide gun season, since the area is closed to gun hunting.

Sandy Sanders WMA/Photo by Jena Donnell

Southwest

The Black Kettle Wildlife Management Area is contained in the Black Kettle National Grassland. It is one of Oklahoma’s most popular public hunting areas. More than 100 scattered units make up the 30,710 acres, also making it the largest WMA in western Oklahoma. Archery hunting on this WMA has its challenges and requires a lot of planning and scouting. But ask any bowhunter who has been hunting here, it is well worth it.

Waurika WMA offers bowhunters the chance to hunt without the noise and pressure from gun hunters. Except for a controlled hunt, this area is closed to rifle hunting, making it a perfect destination for bowhunters to hunt during the rut. Just be sure to check the regulations as the area could be closed for it’s controlled hunt.

Packsaddle WMA has grown in popularity over the last decade and for good reason. Great deer management has not only produced a healthy deer herd, but also nice sized bucks. The success found at Packsaddle has not gone untold, however. A great time to bow hunt the area is after the 9 day gun season when the crowds have left and the deer are still active.

Sandy Sanders WMA in southwest Oklahoma is quiet, rugged, and remote. It’s the perfect spot for any bowhunter looking for a unique Oklahoma hunting experience. Some hunters enjoy Sandy Sanders because they have opportunities to use “spot and stalk” hunting techniques.

Note: See the “Public Hunting Lands Special Area Regulations” section of the Oklahoma Hunting Guide for more information.

Need a Hunting License?

Rifle Scopes: First Focal Plane vs. Second Focal Plane (Explained in Plain English)

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What’s the difference between first focal plane vs second focal plane?

A first focal plane reticle enlarges and shrinks as you adjust the magnification while the second focal plane remains the same size.

Why does that matter and which focal plane scope should you choose?

By the end of this article, you’ll fully understand both types of focal planes so you can choose the best rifle scope for your needs.

Let’s get started!

What is the First Focal Plane?

There are two locations where a reticle can be installed within a rifle scope: the first focal plane (FFP) or the second focal plane (SFP).

With a first focal plane scope, the reticle is physically placed on the “front” of the erector tube assembly and magnification lenses. The first focal plane is furthest from your eye when looking down the sight.

How does that make a difference?

With a First Focal Plane scope, the size of the reticle will appear to grow or shrink as the scope’s magnification is increased or decreased, respectively.

FFP SAMPLE (1)

Now that you’ve got the basics, let’s talk about the pros and cons…

First Focal Plane: Pros and Cons

With the first focal plane optics, the reticle size is going to scale up or down with your magnification adjustments.

This means your trajectory markings, or holdover values, are going to remain accurate regardless of what magnification setting you’re on. This is great news if you hate doing math!

But, it comes at a cost…Literally.

The price is often higher by virtue of its more complicated construction. A first focal plane reticle is also typically associated with higher-end scopes.

With first focal plane scopes, the reticle will look small and thin with less power while the reticle will be thicker at higher power.

FFP SAMPLE (2)

It can be easy to lose those thin reticle lines, especially against dark backgrounds. Although, some of the best Leupold riflescopes have illuminated reticles for better visibility.

Also, the reticle can cover too much target at the highest setting. If this is a dealbreaker to you, that’s where Second Focal Plane comes into play…

What is the Second Focal Plane?

The most common design is SFP, or a Second Focal Plane scope. It’s also referred to as Rear Focal Plane.

With a second focal plane scope, the reticle is placed behind the magnification lenses on the erector tube assembly.

The second focal plane scope is closer to your eye. Therefore, the reticle stays the same size at any magnification range.

SFP SAMPLE (1)

Now, let’s talk about the pros and cons of this…

Second Focal Plane: Pros and Cons

Its lightweight, great resolution, and durability against heavy cartridges make it a popular choice among hunters and law enforcement.

With the second focal plane, your units of measure per each hash mark (MOA or MRAD) represent the same value regardless of your magnification setting.

However, the spacing for holdover in the reticle is only correct at the highest magnification setting. So, it’s not always reliable for variable long-range shooting.

For example:

Let’s look at the Viper HST 4-16×44. This is a second focal plane scope with a magnification range of 4-16x. The Viper HST has hash marks representing 1 MOA but this is only true at its full magnification: 16x.

Of course, you can always do the math in between. But it becomes complicated and confusing and we all know that’s no bueno.

Second focal plane scopes are more commonly seen in the average riflescope and they’re easier to manufacture. That’s why they’re typically less expensive.

First Focal Plane vs. Second Focal Plane for close-range shooting

A second focal plane scope is more suited for close-range hunting and defensive shooting.

SFP SAMPLE (1)

Why?

Because you have a strong and easy-to-see reticle even at the lowest magnification. With low-powered optics, like 1-4X optics, this is a highly undervalued feature.

When it comes to a First Focal Plane scope, you can easily lose sight of your marks at low power. This can be a hassle when you need to make adjustments for the wind or distance— especially for older eyes.

Since you’d have to zoom out to get the rest of the marks in the scope’s view, your target shrinks relative to your view. If you’re hunting small game, this can be an inconvenience.

First Focal Plane vs. Second Focal Plane for long-range shooting

First focal plane scopes are best for competitive and long-range precision shooting.

The hash marks represent the same value across all magnification levels. It allows you to use and trust those holdovers at any given point in your magnification.

This is an advantage for spotting impacts and misses for corrections. It’s also very helpful if you need rapid and precise follow-up shots.

Hitting something at longer ranges means getting as much precision as possible. With a second focal plane scope, making those fractional MOA adjustments becomes far more difficult.

Conclusion

The truth is— it’s a matter of preference and intended use. There is no “better” between the two focal planes.

Higher magnification ranges are better in a first focal plane scope. Lower magnification is fine for second focal plane scopes.

If you’re into precision shooting, especially in matches, and you don’t mind the cost: a first focal plane riflescope is great to have.

If you won’t be taking many shots where you need to “hold” for windage or elevation, a second focal plane scope is more than enough. Plus, it won’t necessarily break the bank.

There are other things you need to consider before buying an optic— like choosing the best quick detach scope mounts. At least when it comes to a SFP scope vs a FFP scope, you won’t be scratching your head anymore.

Since we’re on the topic of upgrades, my AR-15 A2 front sight removal guide is up. Go check it out!

What Animals Can I Hunt with an Air Rifle: A Quick Guide

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Air rifles are becoming increasingly popular as a method for hunting small game animals.

They offer a relatively quiet and efficient way of hunting, making them appealing to both experienced hunters and newcomers.

With a variety of calibers and powerplants to choose from, air rifles can be customized to suit the type of game one intends to target.

This versatility ensures that air rifle hunting can be a satisfying pastime for individuals with varying interests and skill levels.

For those looking to hunt small game such as squirrels, rabbits, and birds, an air rifle is an ideal tool for the job.

Equipped with the right ammunition, one can achieve a humane and precise kill that relies on accuracy rather than brute force.

Smaller calibers such as .177 are typically used for hunting birds, while larger calibers like .22 are well-suited for furry animals like rabbits and squirrels.

When considering which air rifle to use for hunting, it is important to research the specific hunting laws in one’s state, as they can vary significantly.

Some states may allow the use of air rifles for hunting larger game, while others may have specific guidelines regarding the type of animals that may be hunted with air-powered firearms.

By understanding these regulations, hunters can ensure that their air rifle hunting activities are both safe and legal.

Legalities and Hunting Regulations

When it comes to hunting with air rifles, understanding the legalities and regulations is essential before you head into the field.

Here we will explore license requirements, prohibited species, and hunting seasons.

License Requirements

In general, a hunting license is required to hunt with an air rifle.

License requirements vary from state to state.

Some states may have specific regulations for air rifle hunting, while others may treat air rifles as traditional firearms.

It is crucial to check with your state’s Department of Wildlife or similar agency to determine the proper license(s) needed.

Prohibited Species

Not all animals can be hunted with an air rifle.

States have specific regulations on which species are allowed to be hunted using this type of weapon.

Commonly permitted game includes:

  • Small game: such as rabbits, squirrels, and woodchucks
  • Upland birds: such as grouse, pheasant, and quail
  • Certain predators: such as raccoons and foxes

On the other hand, some states only allow air rifles for hunting game smaller than deer or bears.

It’s crucial to consult your state’s hunting laws to ensure you are within legal parameters.

Hunting Seasons

Hunting seasons for air rifle users generally follow the same seasons as traditional firearms or archery.

Depending on the state, there may be special seasons designated specifically for air rifles.

Keeping track of relevant hunting seasons, such as:

  • Small game: typically open during the fall and winter months
  • Upland bird hunting: varies by state, with seasons ranging from late summer to early winter
  • Predator hunting: often year-round, with some seasonal restrictions depending on the species

Remember to stay informed about your state’s hunting regulations and season dates to avoid penalties and ensure a safe and enjoyable hunting experience.

Air Rifle Calibers for Hunting

When it comes to hunting with air rifles, choosing the right caliber is crucial to achieve a humane and effective kill.

Let’s take a look at a few various calibers suitable for hunting different types of game.

.177 Caliber

The .177 caliber air rifle is the smallest and most common caliber.

It has the longest range and is suitable for hunting small game, like squirrels and rats up to 60 to 80 yards.

With its lower power and muzzle energy, .177 caliber is best suited for smaller game and pest control.

.22 Caliber

Moving up in size, the .22 caliber air rifle offers more power and is ideal for hunting small to medium-sized game, such as rabbits and squirrels.

It can push a 14.3-grain .22-caliber pellet upwards of 850 fps.

.25 Caliber

.25 caliber air rifles provide even more power, making them a good choice for larger pests like raccoons, opossums, and woodchucks.

The increased caliber size offers more energy upon impact, which can be helpful when hunting these types of animals.

.30 Caliber

The .30 caliber air rifle is a solid choice for those looking to pursue mid-sized game, such as hogs and coyotes.

With even more muzzle energy and a larger projectile, this caliber offers a balance between precision and power, making it suitable for hunting these types of animals.

.35 Caliber

.35 caliber air rifles are a popular choice among hunters who are targeting larger game.

Some states have a minimum caliber requirement of .35 for airgun hunting, and this caliber provides a significant increase in power compared to smaller calibers.

With at least 400-foot pounds of energy at the muzzle, it is sufficient for taking down larger game.

.45 Caliber

For even larger game, a .45 caliber air rifle is recommended.

Producing 700 to 800 ft.-lbs. of energy, this caliber is suitable for hunting whitetail-sized animals.

The increased energy and bigger projectile size contribute to a more effective and humane kill.

.50 Caliber

Finally, the .50 caliber air rifle is the largest and most powerful option for airgun hunters.

Best suited for big game, this caliber offers top-level power and velocity, ensuring the highest chances of a successful and humane hunt.

It’s essential to check local laws and regulations, as not all states permit the use of .50 caliber air rifles for hunting.

Remember that regardless of the caliber you choose, practicing shot placement and knowing the limitations of your air rifle is crucial to ensure a humane and ethical hunting experience.

Choosing the Right Air Rifle

Accuracy

When selecting an air rifle for hunting, accuracy is crucial. You’ll want a gun that consistently hits the target, allowing for clean, ethical shots.

Spring- or gas-piston-powered airguns are recommended for small game hunting, offering the necessary velocity for an accurate shot.

Some factors that influence accuracy include pellet type, gun weight, and the shooter’s skill.

To maximize accuracy, it’s essential to practice regularly and familiarize yourself with the rifle before hunting.

Power and Range

The power and range of your air rifle mainly determine the type of game you can hunt.

The most popular air rifle calibers are .177 and .22.

The .177 caliber provides a more powerful impact, thanks to its lighter weight and greater kinetic energy. However, for larger game or more extended ranges, consider a .30 to .35 caliber air rifle, which can shoot Diabolo pellets at 50 to 100 ft-lb.

These higher-caliber air rifles can be used for hunting small game or predators.

Keep in mind, though, that air rifles for big game hunting should have at least 300-foot pounds of energy (fpe) to ensure an ethical kill.

Not all air rifles can achieve this power, so always check the rifle’s specifications and consult with local game laws.

Popular Models

There are several popular air rifle models on the market suitable for hunting.

It’s essential to research and select an air rifle that suits your hunting needs and complies with local regulations.

Factors such as accuracy, power, range, and your preferred game type will help you make an informed decision.

Recommended Air Rifles for Hunting

When it comes to air rifle hunting, there are various options available that cater to a range of different game animals.

Three top air rifles suitable for hunting are the Airforce Texan, Hatsan Piledriver, and Umarex Hammer. Each of these air rifles offers unique features and capabilities.

Airforce Texan

The Airforce Texan is a popular air rifle for hunters.

This high-power, pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) rifle comes in various calibers (.257, .308, .357, and .457), allowing the hunter to choose the perfect caliber for the game they are targeting.

With power levels of up to 500 ft-lbs, this air rifle has both the capacity and accuracy necessary for some larger game.

This air rifle features:

  • PCP system for powerful and consistent shooting
  • Top-loading air tank for easy refilling
  • Adjustable power settings
  • Rifle length: 48 inches; weight: 8 pounds

Hatsan Piledriver

The Hatsan Piledriver is another high-quality choice for airgun hunting enthusiasts.

Delivering muzzle energies of up to an impressive 800 ft-lbs, this powerful PCP air rifle is available in .45 and .50 calibers, suitable for various game animals.

Some notable features of the Hatsan Piledriver include:

  • PCP system with a large air reservoir for longer shooting sessions
  • Side-lever action for easy cocking and reloading
  • Quiet Energy Technology (QET), reducing the noise emitted when fired
  • Rifle length: 44.3 inches; weight: 10.6 pounds

Umarex Hammer

For hunters looking for a versatile air rifle that packs a punch, the Umarex Hammer might just be the answer.

This PCP-powered rifle sports a unique configuration that allows it to shoot both .50 caliber bullets and arrows. With a 4,500 psi air tank, the Umarex Hammer has up to 700 ft-lbs of energy.

Key features of the Umarex Hammer include:

  • Muzzle Energy Selector (MES), allowing for customized power levels
  • Lightweight design, weighing only 8.5 pounds without a scope
  • Air tank capacity for up to 5 shots per fill
  • Rifle length: 43.75 inches

These three air rifles offer a variety of options for airgun hunters, from PCP systems to different calibers and power levels.

Depending on the specific game targeted, one of these rifles is sure to help achieve a successful hunting experience.

Types of Pellets and Ammunition

When hunting with an air rifle, choosing the right type of pellets and ammunition is essential for a successful and ethical hunt.

Let’s explore the different types of pellets and ammunition available for air rifles, such as pellet weight, hollow-point pellets, and shotgun ammunition.

Pellet Weight

The weight of a pellet plays a significant role in its accuracy, velocity, and energy upon impact.

Lighter pellets typically have higher velocities but may be more affected by wind and air resistance.

Heavier pellets, on the other hand, have slower velocities but offer better penetration and accuracy, especially at longer distances.

Some popular options for airgun ammunition include:

  • .177 Caliber: Ideal for small game hunting and target shooting
  • .22 Caliber: A versatile option for medium-sized game and pest control
  • .25 Caliber: Suitable for larger game and providing more knockdown power

Hollow-Point Pellets

Hollow-point pellets feature a hollowed-out cavity in their nose, which allows the pellet to expand upon impact.

This expansion increases the pellet’s surface area and energy transfer, resulting in better penetration, greater shock, and more effective wound channels in your prey.

Hollow-point pellets are especially effective for hunting small game and pest control.

Some airguns, like the AirForce International 94 Spring .25 caliber, consistently shoot 18-grain domed pellets at 700 feet per second, making them an excellent choice for hunting small game animals like squirrels or rabbits.

Shotgun Ammunition

In addition to traditional pellets, some air rifles can also be used with shotgun ammunition.

This type of ammunition features multiple projectiles, which provide a more extensive shot pattern and increased chances of hitting your target.

Shotgun ammunition for air rifles typically comes in .357 to .50 caliber sizes.

In conclusion, understanding the different pellet types and ammunition options is crucial in making the right choice for your air rifle hunting needs.

It’s also essential to consult your state’s hunting laws and guidelines to ensure that you are using the correct caliber and energy for the specific game you are hunting.

Remember to always practice safe and ethical hunting.

Hunting Small Game with Air Rifles

When it comes to hunting small game, air rifles can be an efficient and effective tool.

They are often quieter and less expensive than traditional firearms, making them popular among hunters who pursue squirrels, rabbits, and various species of birds.

Let’s look at how air rifles can be used for hunting these common small game animals.

Squirrels

Squirrels can be an entertaining and challenging target for air rifle hunters.

These nimble creatures are quick and agile, making them difficult to hit at times.

A quality air rifle with decent accuracy and power is crucial for successful squirrel hunting.

Many hunters find that a .22 caliber air rifle firing at 1070 fps, such as the Hatsan BullBoss, provides the ideal balance between power and precision.

When hunting squirrels, it’s important to aim for the head or heart to ensure a quick and ethical kill.

Patience is also key, as these critters can be quite wary and may take some time before revealing themselves.

Rabbits

Rabbits are another popular target for air rifle hunters.

Like squirrels, they can be skittish and require a stealthy approach.

The use of an air rifle allows hunters to get closer without alerting their quarry, increasing the odds of a successful hunt.

An air rifle with sufficient power for hunting rabbits should be chosen. Some hunters opt for .22 caliber rifles, while others prefer more powerful options like the .35 caliber.

Again, a well-placed head or heart shot is vital to ensure a humane kill.

Birds

Birds are a diverse and challenging group of small game animals to hunt with an air rifle.

Some hunters focus on pigeons, while others target crows or even larger game birds like pheasants.

Regardless of the specific bird species, an air rifle must have both accuracy and power to be effective.

It’s crucial to know the energy requirements for the particular bird species being hunted, as it will determine the necessary features of the air rifle.

For example, a .22 caliber air rifle might be suitable for smaller birds like pigeons, while a larger caliber and higher energy output (e.g. .45 or .50 caliber) may be necessary for hunting whitetail-sized game.

Accuracy, patience, and a keen understanding of hunting regulations in your state are essential components in the successful and ethical pursuit of small game animals with air rifles.

Larger Game Hunting with Air Rifles

Air rifles are not just for plinking cans or shooting small pests.

With the development of big-bore airguns, hunters can now ethically harvest larger game animals such as hogs, deer, and coyotes.

Let’s take a look at the possibilities and challenges of hunting larger game with air rifles.

Hogs

Hunting hogs with air rifles is becoming increasingly popular among hunters.

Powerful airguns such as .45- and .50-caliber air rifles are capable of delivering enough energy to

What are air rifle pellets made of?

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Air rifle pellets have been traditionally made of lead or lead alloy. However, in recent years, manufacturers have experimented with different materials, such as bismuth and tin alloys, iron, zinc, and tin. Some pellets are even made of plastic. In this blog post, we will explore the different materials air rifle pellets can be made of and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Why are airgun pellets made of lead?


The traditional material for airgun pellets is lead because it is soft and malleable. This means it can be deformed upon impact without shattering, which makes it ideal for use in air rifles. Lead is also relatively heavy for its size, which gives it good momentum when fired from an air rifle.

One of the disadvantages of lead pellets is that they can be harmful to the environment if not disposed of properly. Lead is a toxic metal that can leach into the soil and contaminate groundwater. It can also be harmful to animals if ingested. For these reasons, some countries have banned the use of lead pellets altogether.

Copper-coated airgun pellets


Copper-coated airgun pellets are made by coating a lead pellet with a thin layer of copper. The copper coating protects the lead core from corrosion and makes the pellet more aerodynamic. Copper-coated pellets are generally more accurate than traditional lead pellets because they are less affected by crosswinds.

The main disadvantage of copper-coated pellets is that they are more expensive than traditional lead pellets. Copper is a more expensive metal than lead, so copper-coated pellets typically cost 20-30% more than their lead counterparts.

Lead-free airgun pellets


Lead-free airgun pellets are made of alternative metals, such as alloys of bismuth and tin – or iron, zinc, and tin. These alternative metals are less dense than lead, so they are not as effective for long-range shooting. Lead-free pellets are also less aerodynamic than traditional lead pellets, so they are less accurate in crosswinds.

The advantage of lead-free pellets is that they are not harmful to the environment like traditional lead pellets can be. Lead is a toxic metal that can leach into the soil and contaminate groundwater. It can also be harmful to animals if ingested. For these reasons, some countries have banned the use of lead bullets altogether.

Conclusion


There are a few different materials that air rifle bullets can be made out of, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. The most common material has traditionally been lead or a lead alloy because it is soft and malleable ( meaning it can be deformed on impact without shattering) , relatively heavy ,and inexpensive . However ,lead bullets can be harmful to the environment if not disposed properly . As an environmentally friendly alternative , some people choose copper -coated bullets ,which despite being more aerodynamic and accurate ,are significantly more expensive . Finally , there are lead -free bullets made out of alternative metals such as bismuth ,tin ,iron ,zinc ,and plastic . While being eco -friendly ,these alternatives lack the range and accuracy of both traditional lead bullets and copper -coated bullets .

Girl Names That Mean Hunter

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While the notion of hunting may be traditionally a more masculine activity, this list of girl names that mean hunter underscore the fact females can be successful at hunting endeavors as well. From Winda to Zarola to Cyrene and beyond, each name is unique and beautiful. Take a look!

RELATED: More Baby Names That Mean Hunter

  • Kacela- name meaning “African hunter,” Kacela is an optional version of the name Kayla. It’s a beautiful, sweet, yet strong name for a girl.
  • Aala- “she who protects and hunts,” the name Aala signals power for your little girl.
  • Brenda- Scandinavian and English, Brenda means “blade of the sword.” She, who is named Brenda, is fierce, dominant, and ready for the hunt.
  • Fianna – Fianna means “Warrior huntress” in Irish dialect.
  • Zarola- Arabic/Muslim heritage, the name Zarola means hunter. It rolls easily off the tongue and works as a modern girl name.
  • AlessiaThis name is of Italian origin and means “hunter or defender.”
  • Nujalik “Goddess of hunting,” the name Nujalik has a Chinese origin based on the “God on land.”
  • Kainda “Hunter’s Daughter, this name is often given to African girls born to powerful, influential fathers.
  • Dali- beautiful goddess from the mythology of the Georgian people, Dali serves as an amazing hunter name for a hunting goddess for baby girls. Dali serves as the patron of hoofed wild mountain animals.
  • Pakhet A goddess of war and hunt, she often is portrayed as a feline-headed woman who has sharp claws she uses to kill snakes.
  • Artemis- Goddess of wind, animals, and hunting, Artemis was a crucial figure in Greek mythology. The regal name is unusual though powerful.
  • Winda- Swahili name meaning hunter, Winda sounds as cool to say as it is to write on paper.
  • Brielle- French origin, Brielle is a girl’s name meaning “hunting grounds.” The name is sweet and kinds as well as having a relation to hunting.
  • Mielikki- God of forest and hunt, Mielikki is a skilled healer with a talent for healing animal paws. She is dainty and charming.
  • Rachel- demon hunter, Rachel wants to destroy all demons in her way. The name is feminine yet fierce.
  • Cyrene A cute, yet furious name for a girl, Cyrene is the name of Hypeseus’s daughter. She was a fierce huntress. Your little girl will grow up brave when she has this name.
  • Pinga- Intuit goddess of medicine, hunt, and fertility. She is strong, physically and mentally.
  • Sally “A short trip for pleasure,” Sally works well as a girl’s name if you’re looking for a name that means hunter. Hunters enjoy their trips to wooded areas to hunt down their prey.
  • Zarola- name said to mean hunter, Zarola was common for girls names at one time but is nearly unheard of these days. Zarola offers a unique name for your beautiful girl.
  • Neith- short, easy name that means hunter is Neith. It’s a charming name and that of the Egyptian goddess of the hunt. The name also means “Divine Mother.”
  • Flidais- of the Tuatha De Danann, she is the goddess of hunting and the woodlands or the goddess of all beasts.
  • Devana A stylish name for hunter girls, Devana is a Slavic goddess of the hunt. She is equal to the Roman goddess Diana.
  • Atalanta- Greek mythology, Atlanta was the daughter of Mainlo and Schoenus. She was left on the mountainside by her father because he wanted a son instead of a daughter.
  • Arnakuagsak- goddess who was in charge of making sure hunters had enough food, Arnakuagsak may take time to learn to pronounce properly, but certainly holds rank as a most unusual name.
  • Gwyn- Mythical figure known as the fair folk, he led wild hunts among his people. This name works well as a girl name in popular usage.

Peruse thousands of baby names on MomsWhoThink.com! And follow us on Pinterest for more parenting inspiration!

The image featured at the top of this post is ©ANNA GRANT/Shutterstock.com.

Mathews Unveils New Bow | Deer & Deer Hunting

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Mathews introduces its newest bow model — the Phase4™. Engineered with new Resistance Phase Damping™ Technology to drastically reduce vibration and built compatible with a completely redesigned line of Bridge-Lock™ Stabilizers, the Phase4 is the stealthiest hunting system to-date.

Mathews Phase4
The all-new Mathews Phase4 in the Black finish. There are seven other finishes available. Photo courtesy of Mathews Archery.

“For 2024, we focused on building a streamlined hunting system that had the least amount of noise and felt vibration in a fully setup bow,” stated Mark Hayes, design engineering manager. “The result is a complete hunting system that is up to 13% quieter with 37% less vibration.”

Mathews Phase4
The all-new Mathews Phase4 in the Granite finish. There are seven other finishes available. Photo courtesy of Mathews Archery.

NEW Resistance Phase Damping™ Technology

Resistance Phase Damping™ (RPD) stops vibration at the source, resulting in the smoothest shooting archery system Mathews has ever created. This first of its kind innovation tackles excess energy directly in the limbs which significantly deadens and silences post-shot vibration.

Resistance Phase Damping™ (RPD) creates a smooth shooting experience. Photo courtesy of Mathews Archery.

“The real value of RPD is maximized when paired with our new Bridge-Lock stabilizers,” says Hayes. “We challenged conventional stabilizer design and ended up with a radically improved bar that is better balanced, absorbs more vibration and allows hunters to fine tune their setup like never before.”

NEW Bridge-Lock™ Stabilizers

Expanding on Mathews exclusive Bridge-Lock Technology, the new Bridge-Lock Stabilizers offer improved balance points and a stiffer connection to your bow for added vibration dampening and enhanced stabilization. InterLink™ Weight Technology makes adding and removing stabilizer weights easier than ever before with a redesigned threadless, stackable weight system that only requires one set screw for quick adjustments. Completed with a quick-disconnect knob allowing adjustability in ½” increments, the Bridge-Lock™ Stabilizers offer a new level of harmonic tuning and customization in a single bar. Available in 8”, 10”, and 12” length options and eight finish options to complete your hunting system.

The new Bridge-Lock Stabilizers offer improved balance points and a stiffer connection to your bow for added vibration dampening and enhanced stabilization. Photo courtesy of Mathews Archery.

The new Phase4 is available in 29” or 33” axle-to-axle lengths. The Phase4 29 has a 6” brace height and accommodates draw lengths from 25.5”-30”. The Phase4 33 has a 6.5” brace height and accommodates draw lengths from 27”-31.5”.

The all-new Mathews Phase4 in the Forest All-Season finish. There are seven other finishes available. Photo courtesy of Mathews Archery.

The Phase4 is available in eight finish options. You can find more information on the 2024 Phase4 and new accessory line at Mathewsinc.com and experience them today at your local Mathews Retailer.

Mathews Phase4

MSRP

  • Phase4 29: $1,299
  • Phase4 33: $1,399
  • Bridge-Lock Stabilizer (8”): $249.99
  • Bridge-Lock Stabilizer (10”): $259.99
  • Bridge-Lock Stabilizer (12”): $269.99
  • Bridge-Lock Adjustable V-Bar: $199.99

About Mathews Archery

Mathews Archery has been committed to elevating the archery experience for over 31 years. All Mathews bows are designed and built in Sparta, Wisconsin, U.S.A. and distributed through independent retailers around the world. Experience the full line of premier target and hunting bows at mathewsinc.com and take a look at the 2024 new product guide here.

The Best Backpack Sprayers Tested

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Built for comfort and ease of use, the backpack sprayer is becoming a go-to tool for gardeners, landscapers, and pest-control professionals—as well as home dwellers who simply want to enjoy a weed- and insect-free outdoor space. A backpack sprayer’s ergonomic design features adjustable shoulder straps and a spray wand, allowing you to carry fertilizer, herbicide, pesticide, or other liquids on your back rather than hauling around a heavy metal cart or handheld manual sprayer.

We tested and reviewed a variety of outstanding backpack sprayers. Preview our top picks below, and then keep reading to learn how these tools work, features to consider, and how to pick the best model for your space and style. Later on, check out our reviews of the best backpack sprayers for lawn and garden maintenance.

  1. BEST OVERALL MANUAL: Field King Max 190348 Backpack Sprayer
  2. BEST OVERALL MOTORIZED: Field King 190515 Battery Powered Backpack Sprayer
  3. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Chapin 61800 4-Gallon Backpack Sprayer
  4. UPGRADE PICK: My4Sons Battery Powered 4-Gallon Backpack Sprayer
  5. BEST PROFESSIONAL: PetraTools Powered Backpack Sprayer with Cart
  6. BEST HOBBYIST: Chapin 61900 4-Gallon Backpack Sprayer
  7. ALSO CONSIDER MANUAL: Solo 4-Gallon Backpack Sprayer
  8. ALSO CONSIDER MOTORIZED: PetraTools 4-Gallon Battery Powered Backpack Sprayer

How We Tested the Best Backpack Sprayers

We considered these backpack sprayers from a home-dweller’s perspective. Although several of our picks offer truly professional-level performance and durability, our testing criteria centered on basic functionality, ease of use, operator comfort, and overall value.

To gauge mobility and operational comfort, we filled each sprayer to capacity with plain water and walked a spray route: putting on and taking off the backpack, walking between house and foundation plants, opening and closing a gate, uphill and downhill, and over small obstacles. Scoring favored sprayers that stayed most secure with less “slosh” and that generally felt most comfortable.

We then pressurized each sprayer, either by switching it on or by manually pumping and tried each nozzle. We noted ease and comfort of operation, speed of attaining initial pressure, motor noise, and drips from spray tips after releasing the spray trigger. The best backpack sprayers were easy to operate, versatile, fast, quiet, and drip-free.

Our Top Picks

This curated list includes backpack sprayers suitable for homeowners, hobbyists, and professionals alike.

Jump to Our Top Picks

What to Consider When Choosing the Best Backpack Sprayer

Before opting for the first hobbyist or professional backpack sprayer you see, take some time to familiarize yourself with the various product factors likely to lead you to the right decision. Consider the pressure (psi), tank capacity, the type of liquid delivery system, and the type of pump that pressurizes the backpack sprayer.

Pressure

Pounds per square inch (psi) is the unit of measure identifying the amount of pressure a backpack herbicide sprayer can propel through its nozzle. The average for a backpack sprayer is around 70 psi, but smaller models can use as little as 40 psi, and a commercial backpack sprayer may use as much as 150 psi.

Pressure is important to ensure that a backpack sprayer operates effectively. Too little pressure will produce an uneven spray that reduces the effectiveness of its contents, while too much will prove excessive for a smaller yard.

If you have a large yard with many hard-to-reach spots, or you are a professional who works in many different-size spaces, a sprayer with a psi rating of 70 or above is your best bet. For those with average-size or smaller yards, a moderate rating between 40 and 70 psi is more than enough to spray your space.

Piston vs. Diaphragm

Backpack sprayers generally come in one of two types of liquid delivery systems: piston pump and diaphragm pump.

  • A piston pump works by drawing liquid from the tank into an enclosed chamber on the upstroke and pushing the liquid out through the outlet valve or nozzle on the downstroke. Piston pump sprayers are more popular with the average home dweller because of their simple design, easy accessibility for repairs, and beneficial psi ratings.
  • A diaphragm pump is designed for the safety of professionals who use potent pest control and weed killer chemicals. It is a sealed system that works by moving liquid from one side of a chamber to the other with a diaphragm so that one side is always full and one side is always empty. The diaphragm pump cannot produce the same pressure as the piston pump but is better suited to pros because it’s made of more chemically resistant materials.

Manual vs. Motorized

Backpack sprayers use an internal pump to draw liquid out of the chamber, through a hose, and out through a wand and nozzle. This pump can be operated manually, or an electric backpack sprayer will often use a motorized system—the pricier option.

Manual backpack sprayers operate via a hand pump attached to the backpack chamber. Pumping manually for an extended period can cause muscle fatigue and pain, so while this style of sprayer is fine for smaller yards, once-per-season jobs, and the average home dweller, it’s less suited to professionals who have to spray for hours at a time. Manual backpack sprayers cost as little as $40 to as much as $150, on average.

Motorized backpack sprayers are powered either by battery or gas, with a battery backpack sprayer offering more versatility and a simpler setup. A motorized sprayer automatically pumps the liquid from the backpack chamber to the wand, requiring no physical work by the user. Intended for large projects and long workdays, a motorized sprayer (which can run between about $100 and $500) is a better choice for the busy professional who’ll rely on it daily.

Tank Capacity

Sprayers are available in a tank capacity range between 2 and 7 gallons. Carry smaller-capacity sprayers with a handle, and tote the largest tanks with a wheeled cart. A 4-gallon backpack sprayer is considered to be about average in size.

Sprayers that fall between these two size extremes are true backpack sprayers—light enough to carry on your back but too heavy to lug around by hand. For typical jobs, such as fertilizing a lawn or spraying an insect infestation, a 4-gallon tank can do the trick for a yard between 5,000 and 10,000 square feet.

Additional Features

Backpack sprayers may include a variety of features, such as a built-in gauge to monitor the pressure of the unit while in use, extra padding in the shoulder straps for added comfort, a foaming nozzle, and a foldaway pump handle that won’t get in the way while spraying. Larger models may offer an extended hose and wheeled cart that can be used for more complex yards and heavier tanks.

Tips for Using a Backpack Sprayer

Backpack sprayers are helpful tools for quickly and efficiently treating the yard and garden with liquid fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides. But to ensure against over- or under-spraying an area, it’s important to keep the same walking speed and distance from the target during use.

Additionally, users should ensure that the backpack sprayer is properly pressurized at all times so that it’s easier to maintain an even spraying pressure. By taking the time to balance the pressure, the same amount of solution will be applied to each area of the yard and garden.

Before starting to use a backpack sprayer, adjust the shoulder straps so that the unit fits properly. You don’t want to have to deal with a shifting tank of fertilizer, water, or pesticide while working because it will take extra effort to control the moving weight, increasing fatigue.

In general, remember to:

  • Maintain a uniform walking speed.
  • Balance the spraying pressure.
  • Adjust the straps before use for a secure fit.

FAQs

Buying and using a backpack sprayer brings up several questions. We’ve answered some of the common questions below.

Q. What is a backpack sprayer used for?

A backpack sprayer is used to quickly and effectively spray the yard, garden, and trees with pesticide, herbicide, water, fertilizer, or other liquid solution.

Q. What do you put in a backpack sprayer?

You can fill a backpack sprayer with almost any liquid solution that has a similar consistency to water. This includes insecticide, herbicide, and liquid fertilizers. Just make sure the solution isn’t too corrosive or volatile, as these dangerous substances might eat through the walls of the sprayer.

Q. Are backpack sprayers safe?

Backpack sprayers are safe to use as long as they are filled with suitable solutions and proper precautions are taken to protect the eyes, skin, and respiratory system during use. The reason for the added personal protection is that when the liquid sprays from the backpack, some might get caught in the wind and blow back toward the user. While this wouldn’t matter much with water, it could be hazardous when the sprayer is filled with pesticide or herbicide.

Q. How far will a backpack sprayer spray?

The maximum distance that a sprayer can spray a liquid solution is determined by the maximum psi of the unit, the type of nozzle, the wind direction, the force of the wind, and the angle of the spray wand. On average, a backpack sprayer can spray up to about 10 to 20 feet, though there are models that can reach over 30 feet.

Q. How do you clean a backpack sprayer?

To clean a backpack sprayer after using it to apply a volatile chemical like herbicide or pesticide, follow these simple steps:

  1. Responsibly empty any excess solution from the sprayer tank and add about half a tank of water.
  2. Flush the sprayer system by using the sprayer until the tank is empty again.
  3. Fill the tank half full with water again, this time adding any cleaning agents or neutralizing solutions that can help to remove remnants of the herbicide or pesticide solution.
  4. Open all recirculation lines and any other hoses on the backpack sprayer.
  5. Shake or agitate the unit to ensure the cleaning solution reaches every inch of the backpack sprayer.
  6. Fill the tank to the top with water, and agitate again before emptying the sprayer.
  7. Refill the sprayer with water to rinse out any remaining cleaning solution.
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